【電動(dong)車蓄(xu)電池】電動(dong)車蓄(xu)電池常見故障處理(li) 電動(dong)車蓄(xu)電池怎么更換

電動車蓄電池常見故障處理

1、電(dian)池漏(lou)液(ye)的檢查與處理：

(1)漏(lou)液(ye)(ye)有四(si)種情況：一是(shi)上蓋與底槽之間密封(feng)性不好或因碰(peng)撞，封(feng)口膠開裂造成(cheng)；二是(shi)安全閥滲漏(lou)液(ye)(ye)；三(san)是(shi)接(jie)線端(duan)處滲酸漏(lou)液(ye)(ye)；四(si)是(shi)其他部(bu)份出(chu)現滲酸液(ye)(ye)漏(lou)液(ye)(ye)。

(2)檢查與處理方法：先作外觀檢查，找出滲酸漏液部位。取開面板看安全閥有無滲酸漏液痕跡，再打開安全閥觀察電動車電池(chi)內部(bu)有(you)無活動的電解液。作了上述工作之后(hou)若仍未發現異(yi)常，應(ying)做氣密性測試(shi)(放進水中加壓(ya)充(chong)氣，觀察(cha)有(you)無氣泡產生并冒出(chu)，有(you)氣泡說(shuo)明有(you)滲酸、漏(lou)液)，最后(hou)在充(chong)電過程(cheng)中，觀察(cha)有(you)活動電解液應(ying)將其抽(chou)出(chu)。

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2、電池充不進電的檢查與處(chu)理：

(1)首(shou)先檢查(cha)充電回路的(de)連接(jie)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)可靠，檢查(cha)連線(xian)與插(cha)頭(tou)(tou)接(jie)觸是(shi)(shi)否(fou)完好，認真檢查(cha)插(cha)座和插(cha)頭(tou)(tou)有否(fou)"打火"燒弧現(xian)象，有無(wu)線(xian)路損傷斷線(xian)等。

(2)檢查充電器有無損(sun)壞(huai)，充電參數是否符合要(yao)求。

(3)最(zui)后查看(kan)電池內部(bu)是(shi)否(fou)有(you)干涸現象，即(ji)電池缺液嚴重。

(4)還應檢(jian)查(cha)極板是否存在(zai)不可(ke)逆(ni)轉硫(liu)(liu)酸鹽化(hua)：極板不可(ke)逆(ni)轉酸鹽化(hua)，可(ke)通過(guo)充放電(dian)(dian)測其端電(dian)(dian)壓的變化(hua)來(lai)判定。在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)壓上升特(te)別(bie)快，某些單格電(dian)(dian)壓特(te)別(bie)高，超出(chu)正常很多；放電(dian)(dian)時電(dian)(dian)壓下降特(te)別(bie)快，電(dian)(dian)池不存電(dian)(dian)或存電(dian)(dian)很少。出(chu)現上述情況(kuang)可(ke)判定電(dian)(dian)池出(chu)現不可(ke)逆(ni)轉硫(liu)(liu)酸鹽化(hua)。

(5)上(shang)述故障(zhang)的處理：先(xian)將充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路(lu)連接牢固(gu)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器不正常應(ying)更換。干涸的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)應(ying)補加(jia)(jia)純水或1.050的硫酸進(jin)行維(wei)護(hu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。假如發現有(you)不可逆(ni)硫酸鹽化，應(ying)進(jin)行均衡充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。干涸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)加(jia)(jia)液后(hou)(hou)的維(wei)護(hu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)應(ying)控制最(zui)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)1.8A充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)10-15小時，三(san)只電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓約(yue)在13.4V/只以(yi)(yi)上(shang)為(wei)好。假如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)之間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓差別較大，先(xian)將其放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到(dao)終(zhong)止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，再作維(wei)護(hu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。不可逆(ni)硫酸鹽化的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)補加(jia)(jia)液以(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(恰好出現活動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液)用0.05-0.15C2A的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)20h左(zuo)右，然(ran)(ran)后(hou)(hou)1.5A電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放(fang)逐電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)終(zhong)止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓10.5V/只，反(fan)復1-3次直到(dao)消除不可逆(ni)硫酸鹽化，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量恢復正常為(wei)止(zhi)。然(ran)(ran)后(hou)(hou)抽(chou)盡(jin)活動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液，蓋上(shang)帽(mao)閥等即可重新投進(jin)使用。

3、電(dian)池變形(xing)(鼓肚)的檢查與處理：

(1)一組電(dian)池(chi)(三(san)只(zhi))同時變形(xing)先作電(dian)壓(ya)檢查，假如電(dian)壓(ya)基本正常(chang)，說明沒有短路存在，變形(xing)是過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)產生"熱失控"所(suo)致。應檢查充(chong)(chong)電(dian)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)參數。電(dian)壓(ya)偏高(高于(yu)44.7V以(yi)上(shang))無過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)保護或涓(juan)流轉(zhuan)換點電(dian)流偏低者(低于(yu)0.3A以(yi)下)要更換充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)。

(2)一(yi)組三只(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)中只(zhi)(zhi)有1只(zhi)(zhi)或2只(zhi)(zhi)變(bian)形(xing)有以(yi)下(xia)可能性：一(yi)種是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)一(yi)致，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時造成(cheng)某(mou)些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)引起變(bian)形(xing)，荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)一(yi)致的原因，可能有短路單格存在，也可能是(shi)過放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或自(zi)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等；第二(er)種是(shi)某(mou)些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)出現不(bu)可逆轉硫酸鹽化，內阻增大(da)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發熱(re)造成(cheng)變(bian)形(xing)。未(wei)變(bian)形(xing)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)應檢查放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量以(yi)及自(zi)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特性。若無異(yi)常則不(bu)屬于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)題目。

4、電動自行車存(cun)放一段時間電(dian)池不(bu)存(cun)電(dian)的檢查(cha)和處(chu)理(li)：

(1)首先查看車鎖是否關斷(duan)。未關斷(duan)時，控制器儀表(biao)等仍處于工作狀態，有小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)放逐電(dian)(dian)(約(yue)30mA-150mA)。時間一長，在1-4周的時間就會將電(dian)(dian)池(chi)完全放電(dian)(dian)甚(shen)至(zhi)過放電(dian)(dian)。

(2)檢查電(dian)動車電(dian)源部位盡緣是(shi)否(fou)良好(hao)：檢查時，可用(yong)毫(hao)安表(biao)（萬(wan)用(yong)表(biao)的毫(hao)安檔)串聯在電(dian)池的回路中，關(guan)斷車鎖，看是(shi)否(fou)有(you)微小電(dian)流通(tong)過。

(3)丈(zhang)量蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)端電(dian)壓(ya)是(shi)否一致，測試蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)自(zi)放電(dian)性能是(shi)否存在自(zi)放電(dian)過大的(de)故(gu)障。

(4)電(dian)池在存(cun)放(fang)過程中二個月以(yi)內(nei)補(bu)充充電(dian)一次(ci)。防止(zhi)自放(fang)電(dian)影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)池使用性能(neng)。

5、充電(dian)器(qi)一充就燒的檢查與處理(li)：

此種故障(zhang)的(de)檢查(cha)，首(shou)先檢查(cha)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)連接是否正確，是否存(cun)在(zai)反(fan)極(ji)；另外察看蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)插座極(ji)性(xing)(xing)座極(ji)性(xing)(xing)是否接反(fan)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)極(ji)性(xing)(xing)是否接反(fan)，造成過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后轉極(ji)。再(zai)檢查(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)座或(huo)連線(xian)有無短路現象(xiang)，反(fan)極(ji)短路必須排除。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)已充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)反(fan)極(ji)，對(dui)此先將其(qi)放(fang)完電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時溫度控制在(zai)50℃以內)，再(zai)用維護(hu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)連續充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)15-18h，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)恢(hui)復(fu)(fu)正常(chang)后作(zuo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)檢查(cha)反(fan)復(fu)(fu)進(jin)行2-3次，容量(liang)恢(hui)復(fu)(fu)正常(chang)后即可投(tou)進(jin)使用，容量(liang)不(bu)足(zu)84min作(zuo)報廢處理。

6、新電池裝車(che)起(qi)動時(shi)，儀表顯示電壓(ya)降得快的處理：

(1)檢查(cha)儀(yi)表顯示與(yu)電(dian)池容(rong)量是否相符。電(dian)池電(dian)源(yuan)與(yu)容(rong)量的關系(xi)如(ru)下表：

2小時率放電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)與容量的關系：(單只12V電(dian)池)

容量1009080706050403020100；

單格電壓12.6612.6012.5212.4312.3012.1311.9411.7411.4311.1810.50。

儀表顯(xian)示的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)與電(dian)(dian)池容(rong)量(liang)(liang)關系(xi)不符合上表時，就要(yao)求(qiu)廠家(jia)調整使之符合上述電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)與容(rong)量(liang)(liang)之間的關系(xi)。

(2)檢查電動車蓄電池連接線是(shi)否可靠，有(you)無短路等。有(you)則(ze)排除之。

(3)檢查(cha)電(dian)(dian)動助力車起動和運行(xing)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)是否過大(da)。若(ruo)是過大(da)(起動電(dian)(dian)流(liu)在15A以上，運行(xing)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)6A以上)與電(dian)(dian)動助力車廠家聯(lian)系對車輛進行(xing)改進。

(4)檢查蓄(xu)電池容量是否偏(pian)低。若是偏(pian)低，應對電池進行維護(hu)充(chong)放電。

7、"落后"電池的檢查與處理：

(1)首先將電(dian)(dian)池進行(xing)一般性的(de)維護充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，然后用5A電(dian)(dian)放(fang)(fang)逐電(dian)(dian)，放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中不(bu)斷地(di)丈量(liang)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓，將放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)不(bu)足的(de)"落后"電(dian)(dian)池選出來(lai)給(gei)予處(chu)理。先補加蒸餾水至恰好(hao)看到活動液體出現(xian)，再繼續充(chong)電(dian)(dian)12-15h，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時留意電(dian)(dian)池的(de)溫(wen)度(du)不(bu)要(yao)(yao)超(chao)過(guo)50℃，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)結束后靜置0.5h-4h，重作5A放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)。放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中丈量(liang)單格電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)數(shu)值。若(ruo)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)時間(jian)(jian)達不(bu)到標準或者單格電(dian)(dian)壓到了1.75V放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)時間(jian)(jian)與正常電(dian)(dian)池相差較大者，則還應重復上述(shu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)程序操縱，直到符(fu)合要(yao)(yao)求為止。

(2)對(dui)"落(luo)后"電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的處(chu)理(li)：若是重(zhong)復充放循(xun)環后，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量無明顯上(shang)升或仍(reng)為零(ling)伏左(zuo)右或很(hen)低，這種電(dian)(dian)池(chi)一般(ban)有短路存在或活性物(wu)質嚴(yan)重(zhong)脫落(luo)軟化，嚴(yan)重(zhong)不可(ke)(ke)逆硫酸鹽化等，很(hen)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)不能(neng)(neng)修(xiu)復。對(dui)符合(he)要求還可(ke)(ke)以繼續使(shi)用的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，就抽盡活動的電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液，擦干凈(jing)表面安上(shang)帽閥(fa)，用PVC(或氯仿)粘合(he)劑將面板粘合(he)好，即可(ke)(ke)投(tou)進使(shi)用。

電動車蓄電池怎么更換

1、拆卸蓄電池

先將(jiang)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)連(lian)同蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)盒(he)一(yi)塊取(qu)下(xia)，置于工作臺上，卸(xie)下(xia)鎖(suo)緊螺釘(ding)等。小(xiao)心將(jiang)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)盒(he)打開，用50W電(dian)(dian)(dian)烙鐵將(jiang)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)連(lian)線(xian)(xian)從蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)端子(zi)上燙下(xia)，并立刻就用絕(jue)緣膠帶(dai)將(jiang)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)端子(zi)包住(zhu)，以防(fang)(fang)止短路(lu)事(shi)故；焊(han)(han)接蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)之間的連(lian)線(xian)(xian)時，可(ke)以焊(han)(han)下(xia)一(yi)個頭，拿住(zhu)接頭，再焊(han)(han)另一(yi)個接頭，焊(han)(han)下(xia)后將(jiang)連(lian)線(xian)(xian)立即放(fang)到(dao)規(gui)定的地方(fang)，防(fang)(fang)止連(lian)線(xian)(xian)使蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)短路(lu)。

有(you)些蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在安(an)裝(zhuang)時使(shi)用(yong)粘接(jie)劑(ji)等將(jiang)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)與蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)盒粘牢(lao)（一般采用(yong)不(bu)干膠），需(xu)要用(yong)力拉蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)才(cai)能取出（但(dan)不(bu)得用(yong)力過猛）。若操(cao)作有(you)困難，可對(dui)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)略(lve)為加熱(re)，或用(yong)酒精(jing)等溶劑(ji)將(jiang)粘接(jie)劑(ji)溶下(xia)，然(ran)后將(jiang)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)取出。最后應將(jiang)殘余(yu)的墊(dian)片或粘接(jie)劑(ji)等清(qing)除干凈(jing)，準備(bei)安(an)裝(zhuang)新(xin)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。

2、檢查

檢(jian)查所(suo)有連線質量，同時檢(jian)查保險座、充(chong)電插座，以及(ji)蓄電池(chi)(chi)引出線接(jie)觸是(shi)否正常可(ke)靠(kao)，并緊固所(suo)有連接(jie)件。需要更(geng)換的(de)應更(geng)換，并應重(zhong)點(dian)考(kao)查其(qi)可(ke)靠(kao)性，不可(ke)靠(kao)者一律更(geng)換（包(bao)括(kuo)蓄電池(chi)(chi)盒等）。

3、安裝

按新(xin)蓄電池(chi)包裝箱內說明(ming)書(shu)要求進行安(an)裝。

4、試用

經(jing)數次(ci)充放電使用考核正常后，方(fang)可投入正常運行。