蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(Storage Battery)是將化(hua)學能(neng)直接轉化(hua)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)一種裝置，是按可再充電(dian)(dian)設計(ji)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池，通(tong)過可逆的(de)化(hua)學反應實現再充電(dian)(dian)，通(tong)常是指鉛酸蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池，它是電(dian)(dian)池中(zhong)的(de)一種，屬(shu)于二次電(dian)(dian)池。它的(de)工作原理：充電(dian)(dian)時利用(yong)外部(bu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)使內部(bu)活性物(wu)質再生(sheng)，把(ba)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)儲存為(wei)(wei)化(hua)學能(neng)，需(xu)要放電(dian)(dian)時再次把(ba)化(hua)學能(neng)轉換為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)輸出，比如生(sheng)活中(zhong)常用(yong)的(de)手機電(dian)(dian)池等。

方程式如下：

總(zong)反應：b(s)+PbO2(s)+2H2SO4(aq)可逆符號2PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)

放(fang)電時：負Pb(s)-2e-+SO42-(aq)=PbSO4(s)

正PbO2(s)+2e-+SO42-(aq)+4H+(aq)=PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)

總Pb(s)+PbO2(s)+2H2SO4(aq)=2PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)

充電電解池

陰極(ji)PbSO4(s)+2e-=Pb(s)+SO42-(aq)

陽極PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)-2e-=Pbo2(s)+SO42-(aq)+4H+(a

注（充電時陰極(ji)為放電時負(fu)極(ji)）

詳(xiang)細>>

鉛酸蓄電池

常用(yong)的車用(yong)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)主要分為三類：普通蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)、干荷蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)和免維護蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)。

普通(tong)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)：普通(tong)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的極板(ban)是由鉛和鉛的氧(yang)化物(wu)構成，電(dian)

解液是硫(liu)酸的水溶液。它的主要優點(dian)是電壓(ya)穩定、價格便宜；缺點(dian)是比能低(即每公(gong)斤蓄(xu)電池(chi)存儲的電能)、使用壽命短和(he)日常維護頻繁。

干(gan)(gan)荷蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)：它的(de)全(quan)稱是干(gan)(gan)式荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，它的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)特點是負(fu)極板有較高的(de)儲電(dian)(dian)(dian)能力，在(zai)完(wan)全(quan)干(gan)(gan)燥狀態下，能在(zai)兩年內保存(cun)所得到的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量，使(shi)用時，只需(xu)加入電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液，等過20—30分鐘就可(ke)使(shi)用。

免(mian)維(wei)護蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)：免(mian)維(wei)護蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)由(you)于自身結構上的優(you)勢，電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)的消耗量(liang)非常小，在使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命內基本不需(xu)要(yao)補充蒸(zheng)餾水。它還(huan)具有耐震、耐高溫(wen)、體積小、自放電(dian)(dian)小的特點。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命一般為(wei)普(pu)通蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的兩倍。市場上的免(mian)維(wei)護蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)也有兩種：第一種在購買(mai)時一次性加電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)以后使(shi)用(yong)(yong)中不需(xu)要(yao)維(wei)護(添加補充液(ye))；另一種是電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)本身出(chu)廠時就已經加好電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)并(bing)封(feng)死，用(yong)(yong)戶根本就不能加補充液(ye)。

UPS蓄電池

UPS 稱為不間斷(duan)電(dian)源，是(shi)因為停電(dian)的(de)時(shi)候，它能(neng)快(kuai)速轉換到(dao)"逆變"狀態(tai)，從(cong)而(er)不會(hui)讓(rang)在使用(yong)中的(de)電(dian)腦(nao)因為突然(ran)停電(dian)未來(lai)得及(ji)存儲而(er)失去重要文件。 不是(shi)用(yong)來(lai)當(dang)備用(yong)電(dian)源用(yong)的(de)，如果你只(zhi)是(shi)想在停電(dian)的(de)時(shi)候可以用(yong)電(dian)，光(guang)買逆變器就(jiu)夠了(le)。 一般家用(yong)UPS里用(yong)的(de)大多是(shi)，免維護(hu)型鉛酸蓄電(dian)池。

詳細>>

蓄(xu)電池壽命多久

老式普(pu)通蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)一(yi)般壽(shou)命(ming)在2年(nian)左(zuo)右，而且需定(ding)期檢查(cha)電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)的高度并(bing)添加蒸(zheng)餾水(shui)。免維護蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的壽(shou)命(ming)則為3年(nian)左(zuo)右。

影(ying)響(xiang)蓄電池(chi)內阻的因素(su)

1、蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用的(de)時(shi)間：隨著(zhu)使用時(shi)間的(de)增加，使電(dian)解液失水、極(ji)板與(yu)連接條的(de)腐蝕(shi)、極(ji)板的(de)硫酸化、極(ji)板變(bian)形及活性物質的(de)脫落等因素，造成蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量減小，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)內阻變(bian)大。

2、蓄電(dian)池的(de)(de)電(dian)荷(he)量：由于注入蓄電(dian)池的(de)(de)電(dian)解液深度、電(dian)極(ji)表面(mian)反應物質的(de)(de)厚度、電(dian)極(ji)表面(mian)的(de)(de)孔隙(xi)率(lv)等不同，而使蓄電(dian)池的(de)(de)內(nei)阻相(xiang)差較大(da)，從而電(dian)荷(he)量也相(xiang)差較大(da)。

3、溫度(du)：環境溫度(du)的(de)變化，例如上升，這(zhe)時反應物質的(de)擴(kuo)散(san)加快、電荷(he)傳遞、電極動力(li)學過(guo)程和物質轉移更容(rong)易進行，因而(er)蓄電池內(nei)阻減(jian)小。反之，就會增加。

4、蓄電(dian)池(chi)的型(xing)(xing)號：不(bu)(bu)同(tong)生產(chan)廠(chang)、不(bu)(bu)同(tong)種類、不(bu)(bu)同(tong)型(xing)(xing)號的蓄電(dian)池(chi)，由于(yu)電(dian)極、電(dian)解液、隔膜的材料配方不(bu)(bu)同(tong)，電(dian)池(chi)的結構不(bu)(bu)同(tong)、裝配工藝不(bu)(bu)同(tong)而使(shi)蓄電(dian)池(chi)內阻產(chan)生差異。

詳細>>

1、選擇(ze)品(pin)牌的蓄(xu)電池

購(gou)買(mai)(mai)汽車蓄電池時，盡(jin)量買(mai)(mai)品牌(pai)的，質量有保(bao)證(zheng)。但(dan)是要(yao)注意(yi)，品牌(pai)的也有假(jia)冒的，要(yao)去(qu)正規的汽配中(zhong)心購(gou)買(mai)(mai)才行。

2、小心翻新的

有的蓄(xu)電(dian)池看起來很(hen)新，很(hen)可能是翻新的，這就要看蓄(xu)電(dian)池的做工是否(fou)精細、外包裝(zhuang)是否(fou)嚴密等。

3、要有保質期

購買了汽車新蓄電池(chi)，要有一定的(de)(de)保質期才行，這樣的(de)(de)蓄電池(chi)才能用住(zhu)。不(bu)要使(shi)用一段時間后(hou)就虧(kui)電無法使(shi)用了。

4、注意蓄(xu)電池接口是否嶄(zhan)新

蓄(xu)電池購買(mai)后，要(yao)仔(zi)細查(cha)看接口(kou)，是否(fou)嶄(zhan)新(xin)，有沒有用過(guo)的痕跡，有的新(xin)蓄(xu)電池被用了(le)一段時間了(le)，不宜購買(mai)。

5、蓄電池要注意用電保護

購買的新蓄電(dian)池，也要注(zhu)意用電(dian)保護，不(bu)能熄火后還開著大(da)燈，非常耗電(dian)的。平(ping)常盡量少開收音機、燈光。

6、選(xuan)擇(ze)適(shi)用的(de)蓄電池類型(xing)和規格尺寸

蓄(xu)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)過大過著過小都(dou)對使(shi)用有隱患，因此要選擇適(shi)合自己汽(qi)車的(de)蓄(xu)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，并(bing)根(gen)據電(dian)(dian)器耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)的(de)大小和特(te)點(dian)，購買適(shi)合電(dian)(dian)器的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。

詳細>>

1、恒定電流充電法

在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)始終保持不變(bian)，叫做恒(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法，簡稱恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法或(huo)等流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法。在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)由于(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)逐漸升(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)逐漸下(xia)降(jiang)，為保持充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不致因蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)升(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)而(er)(er)減小，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)必須逐漸升(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，以(yi)維持充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)始終不變(bian)，這對(dui)于(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備的自(zi)動化程(cheng)(cheng)度要求較高(gao)，一般(ban)簡陋的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備是不能滿足恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要求的。恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法，在蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池最(zui)大(da)答應(ying)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)情況下(xia)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)越大(da)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間就可以(yi)縮短。若從時間上考慮，采(cai)用(yong)此法有利的。但(dan)在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期若充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)仍不變(bian)，這時由于(yu)大(da)部分(fen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)用(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解水上，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液出氣泡過(guo)多而(er)(er)顯沸(fei)騰狀，這不僅消(xiao)耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，而(er)(er)且輕(qing)易使極板上活性物質(zhi)大(da)量脫落，溫升(sheng)(sheng)過(guo)高(gao)，造(zao)成極板彎曲，容量迅速下(xia)降(jiang)而(er)(er)提前(qian)報廢(fei)。所(suo)以(yi)，這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法很(hen)少采(cai)用(yong)。

2、恒定電(dian)壓充電(dian)法

在(zai)(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)始(shi)終保持(chi)不(bu)變(bian)，叫做恒(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，簡(jian)稱恒(heng)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)或(huo)等壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。由(you)于恒(heng)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)始(shi)至(zhi)后期(qi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)始(shi)終保持(chi)一定，所以在(zai)(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)始(shi)時充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)相當大(da)(da)，大(da)(da)大(da)(da)超過(guo)(guo)正常充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)值(zhi)。但隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)進行(xing)，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)逐漸(jian)升高，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)逐漸(jian)減小(xiao)(xiao)。當蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)相等時，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)減至(zhi)最小(xiao)(xiao)甚至(zhi)為零。由(you)此可見，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)恒(heng)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)的(de)優點(dian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)于，可以避(bi)免(mian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)過(guo)(guo)大(da)(da)而造成極板(ban)活性物質(zhi)脫(tuo)落和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)損失。但其缺點(dian)是，在(zai)(zai)(zai)剛開(kai)始(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)過(guo)(guo)大(da)(da)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極活性物質(zhi)體積變(bian)化收(shou)縮太快，影響活性物質(zhi)的(de)機械(xie)強度，致使其脫(tuo)落。而在(zai)(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)又(you)過(guo)(guo)小(xiao)(xiao)，使極板(ban)深處的(de)活性物質(zhi)得(de)不(bu)到充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)反應(ying)，形成長期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)足，影響蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)使用(yong)(yong)壽命。所以這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)一般只(zhi)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于無配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備或(huo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備較簡(jian)陋的(de)特殊場合，如(ru)汽車上蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，1號至(zhi)5號干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)式的(de)小(xiao)(xiao)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)均采(cai)用(yong)(yong)等壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)等壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)給(gei)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，所需(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)：酸性蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)每個(ge)單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)為2.4～2.8V左右，堿性蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)每個(ge)單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)為1.6～2.0V左右。

3、有(you)固(gu)定電阻的恒定電壓充電

為補(bu)救恒(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的缺點(dian)而(er)采用的一種方法。即在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)之間串聯(lian)一電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，這樣充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初期的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)可(ke)以調整。但有時最大充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)受到限制(zhi)，因此隨充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)的進行，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓逐漸上升(sheng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)卻幾(ji)乎成為直線衰減。有時使(shi)用兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值，約在2.4V時，從低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)轉換到高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，以減少出氣。

4、階段等流(liu)充電法

綜合恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)和恒(heng)壓充電(dian)(dian)(dian)法的特點，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)初期用(yong)較大的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，經過一段時間改用(yong)較小的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，至充電(dian)(dian)(dian)后期改用(yong)更小的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，即(ji)不同階(jie)段內以不同的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)進(jin)行恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的方(fang)法，叫做階(jie)段恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)法。階(jie)段恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)法，一般可分為(wei)兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)階(jie)段進(jin)行，也可分為(wei)多(duo)個(ge)(ge)階(jie)段進(jin)行。

階段等(deng)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)所需(xu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間短(duan)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效果(guo)也好。由于充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)期改用較小電(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，這(zhe)樣(yang)減少了(le)氣泡對(dui)極板活性(xing)物質的(de)(de)沖洗，減少了(le)活性(xing)物質的(de)(de)脫落(luo)。這(zhe)種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)能(neng)延(yan)長蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池使用壽命，并(bing)節省電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)又徹(che)底，所以(yi)(yi)是當前常用的(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)。一(yi)般蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池第一(yi)階段以(yi)(yi)10h率電(dian)(dian)(dian)流進行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，第二階段以(yi)(yi)20h率電(dian)(dian)(dian)流進行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。各階段充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間的(de)(de)是非(fei)，各種(zhong)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)具體要求和標準不一(yi)樣(yang)。

詳細(xi)>>

1、蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)長(chang)久不(bu)用(yong)(yong)，它會(hui)慢慢自(zi)行(xing)放電(dian)(dian)，直至報廢。因此，每隔一(yi)定時間(jian)就應(ying)啟動一(yi)次汽車(che)，給蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)。另一(yi)個辦(ban)法就是(shi)將蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)兩個電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)拔(ba)(ba)下(xia)來，需注意的(de)(de)是(shi)從電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)柱上(shang)(shang)拔(ba)(ba)下(xia)正(zheng)、負(fu)兩根(gen)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)線，要先(xian)拔(ba)(ba)下(xia)負(fu)極(ji)(ji)線，或卸下(xia)負(fu)極(ji)(ji)和汽車(che)底盤的(de)(de)連接。然后再拔(ba)(ba)去帶(dai)有(you)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)標志（+）的(de)(de)另一(yi)端(duan)，蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)有(you)一(yi)定的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命，到一(yi)定的(de)(de)時期就要更換(huan)。在更換(huan)時同(tong)樣要遵(zun)循上(shang)(shang)述(shu)次序(xu)，不(bu)過在把電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)線接上(shang)(shang)去時，次序(xu)則恰(qia)(qia)恰(qia)(qia)相反(fan)，先(xian)接正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)，然后再接負(fu)極(ji)(ji)。

2、當(dang)電(dian)流表(biao)指針(zhen)顯示蓄(xu)電(dian)量(liang)不足時，要及時充電(dian)。蓄(xu)電(dian)池的蓄(xu)電(dian)量(liang)可以(yi)在(zai)儀表(biao)板上反映出來(lai)。有時在(zai)路途中發(fa)現(xian)電(dian)量(liang)不夠了(le)，發(fa)動機又熄火(huo)啟動不了(le)，作為(wei)臨時措施，可以(yi)向其他的車輛(liang)求助，用它們車輛(liang)上的蓄(xu)電(dian)池來(lai)發(fa)動車輛(liang)，將兩個蓄(xu)電(dian)池的負極(ji)和負極(ji)相連(lian)(lian)，正(zheng)極(ji)和正(zheng)極(ji)相連(lian)(lian)。

3、電解液(ye)的(de)密度應(ying)按(an)(an)照不同(tong)的(de)地區、不同(tong)的(de)季節按(an)(an)照標準進行(xing)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)調整。

4、在虧(kui)電解(jie)液時應補充蒸餾水或專用補液。切忌用飲用純凈(jing)水代替。因為純凈(jing)水中含有多(duo)種微量元素，對蓄(xu)電池會造(zao)成不良(liang)影響。

5、在啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車時(shi)，不間(jian)斷地使用啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機會(hui)導(dao)致蓄電池(chi)因(yin)過度放(fang)電而損壞。正確的使用辦法是每次發動(dong)(dong)(dong)車的時(shi)間(jian)總長(chang)不超過5秒，再(zai)次啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)間(jian)隔時(shi)間(jian)不少于15秒。在多次啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)仍不著車的情況下應從(cong)電路、點火線圈或油(you)路等其他方(fang)面找原因(yin)。

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1、脈沖修復法

蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)消除硫化比較好的(de)(de)方法(fa)就是采(cai)用脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)修復(fu)法(fa)。在(zai)修復(fu)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)時(shi)，脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)瞬(shun)間(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓一般根據(ju)產(chan)品(pin)所(suo)體(ti)現的(de)(de)功能(neng)需要，采(cai)取的(de)(de)瞬(shun)間(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為60V—300V之間(jian)(jian)，如用于蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)延壽的(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值(zhi)就不益過大，專門由于蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)修復(fu)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值(zhi)就可以偏(pian)大（如果脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值(zhi)太(tai)大對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)極板(ban)會造成損(sun)傷），脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高(gao)，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)修復(fu)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)短，脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)修復(fu)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)相對(dui)(dui)就長，盡管脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)瞬(shun)間(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓很高(gao)，但平均電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓并不高(gao)，對(dui)(dui)人體(ti)沒有傷害，十分安全。

市場上(shang)有專門的(de)脈(mo)沖(chong)發(fa)生器銷售，但要注意選擇效果(guo)(guo)好的(de)一種。脈(mo)沖(chong)與(yu)蓄電池極(ji)板的(de)諧(xie)振很重要，這就取決與(yu)脈(mo)沖(chong)頻(pin)率大小、幅度(du)(du)寬窄(zhai)，脈(mo)沖(chong)頻(pin)率和(he)(he)幅度(du)(du)不夠就達不到消除硫(liu)酸結晶的(de)效果(guo)(guo)，頻(pin)率和(he)(he)幅度(du)(du)太大則會出(chu)現(xian)(xian)消除了硫(liu)化而(er)損傷了電極(ji)板，并出(chu)現(xian)(xian)析(xi)氣現(xian)(xian)象；同時，脈(mo)沖(chong)波形(xing)也(ye)有很多種，在示(shi)波器上(shang)可以顯示(shi)。

2、強電修復法

強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)修(xiu)復(fu)法(fa)(fa)就是采取充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時的(de)(de)持久高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)或大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流修(xiu)復(fu)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)方法(fa)(fa)，多在(zai)脈沖修(xiu)復(fu)法(fa)(fa)效果(guo)不(bu)明顯時采用(yong)(yong)。其一、高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)修(xiu)復(fu)法(fa)(fa)：這種(zhong)方法(fa)(fa)主要(yao)是采取電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)標稱(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)1.3-1.5倍的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)修(xiu)復(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，如36V蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流不(bu)變或接(jie)近的(de)(de)條件下，采用(yong)(yong)48V的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間要(yao)掌握分寸，不(bu)易過長(chang)，否(fou)則(ze)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)會因析氣發熱。

3、全(quan)充(chong)全(quan)放電修復(fu)法

全(quan)充(chong)(chong)全(quan)放電(dian)(dian)修復法(fa)(fa)就是(shi)對蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)采(cai)取完全(quan)充(chong)(chong)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)后，再(zai)完全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)修復蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)(fa)。全(quan)充(chong)(chong)全(quan)放電(dian)(dian)修復法(fa)(fa)主要是(shi)對輕度損(sun)傷(shang)的(de)(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)具(ju)有(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)修復作用，同時此方法(fa)(fa)還(huan)可以有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)激(ji)活(huo)電(dian)(dian)瓶深層的(de)(de)(de)活(huo)性物質，提高蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量。

4、補水修復(fu)法

對蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)“失水”采取(qu)補水的方法便可修復，其目的是(shi)稀釋(shi)濃度提高的硫(liu)酸正常進(jin)行電(dian)解反應(ying)。補水方法上較(jiao)為簡單(dan)，只用打開(kai)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)上蓋，可以(yi)看見有六(liu)個(ge)圓孔(kong)，向(xiang)每個(ge)圓孔(kong)注(zhu)射一定量的蒸(zheng)餾(liu)水，再浸泡24小時(shi)以(yi)上就可以(yi)了(le)。

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