蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(Storage Battery)是(shi)將化學能(neng)直接轉化成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)一種(zhong)裝置，是(shi)按可(ke)再充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設計的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，通過可(ke)逆的(de)化學反(fan)應實現再充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，通常(chang)是(shi)指(zhi)鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，它(ta)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)中的(de)一種(zhong)，屬于二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。它(ta)的(de)工作原理：充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)利(li)用外部(bu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)使內(nei)部(bu)活性物質再生(sheng)，把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)儲存(cun)為(wei)化學能(neng)，需要(yao)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)再次把化學能(neng)轉換為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)輸出，比如生(sheng)活中常(chang)用的(de)手(shou)機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)等。

方程式如下：

總反應：b(s)+PbO2(s)+2H2SO4(aq)可逆符(fu)號2PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)

放(fang)電時：負(fu)Pb(s)-2e-+SO42-(aq)=PbSO4(s)

正PbO2(s)+2e-+SO42-(aq)+4H+(aq)=PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)

總(zong)Pb(s)+PbO2(s)+2H2SO4(aq)=2PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)

充電電解池

陰極PbSO4(s)+2e-=Pb(s)+SO42-(aq)

陽極PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)-2e-=Pbo2(s)+SO42-(aq)+4H+(a

注（充電時(shi)陰極為放電時(shi)負極）

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鉛酸蓄電池

常用(yong)(yong)的車用(yong)(yong)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池主要(yao)分(fen)為三(san)類：普通蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池、干荷蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池和免維護蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池。

普(pu)通蓄(xu)電(dian)池：普(pu)通蓄(xu)電(dian)池的極板是由鉛和(he)鉛的氧化物構成，電(dian)

解液(ye)是硫酸的水溶(rong)液(ye)。它(ta)的主要優點是電壓穩定(ding)、價(jia)格便(bian)宜；缺點是比能低(di)(即每公斤蓄電池(chi)存儲的電能)、使用壽命短和(he)日常(chang)維護頻繁。

干荷蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池：它(ta)(ta)的全(quan)稱(cheng)是(shi)干式荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，它(ta)(ta)的主要特點是(shi)負(fu)極板(ban)有較高的儲電(dian)(dian)(dian)能力，在完全(quan)干燥狀態下(xia)，能在兩年(nian)內保存所得(de)到的電(dian)(dian)(dian)量，使用時(shi)，只(zhi)需加入電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)，等過20—30分鐘就可使用。

免維護蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)：免維護蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)由于自身結構上的(de)優勢(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液的(de)消(xiao)耗量非常小，在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命內基本(ben)(ben)不(bu)需要(yao)(yao)補充蒸餾水。它還具有耐(nai)震、耐(nai)高(gao)溫、體積小、自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)小的(de)特點。使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命一(yi)(yi)般為普通(tong)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)兩倍。市(shi)場上的(de)免維護蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)也有兩種：第一(yi)(yi)種在(zai)購買時一(yi)(yi)次性加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液以后使(shi)用(yong)中不(bu)需要(yao)(yao)維護(添加(jia)補充液)；另一(yi)(yi)種是電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)本(ben)(ben)身出廠時就已(yi)經(jing)加(jia)好電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液并封死(si)，用(yong)戶根(gen)本(ben)(ben)就不(bu)能(neng)加(jia)補充液。

UPS蓄電池(chi)

UPS 稱為不間斷電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，是(shi)因(yin)為停電(dian)(dian)的(de)時(shi)候(hou)，它能(neng)快(kuai)速(su)轉(zhuan)換(huan)到"逆變(bian)"狀態，從而(er)不會讓在使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)中的(de)電(dian)(dian)腦因(yin)為突然停電(dian)(dian)未來(lai)得及存儲而(er)失去重要文(wen)件。 不是(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)來(lai)當(dang)備用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)，如果你只是(shi)想在停電(dian)(dian)的(de)時(shi)候(hou)可以用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)，光買逆變(bian)器就夠了(le)。 一(yi)般家用(yong)(yong)(yong)UPS里用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)大多是(shi)，免維(wei)護型鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池。

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蓄電池壽命多久(jiu)

老式普通(tong)蓄(xu)電(dian)池一般壽(shou)命(ming)在2年左(zuo)右(you)(you)，而且需定期檢查電(dian)解液的(de)高度并添加蒸餾水(shui)。免(mian)維護(hu)蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)壽(shou)命(ming)則為3年左(zuo)右(you)(you)。

影響蓄電池內阻的因素

1、蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)使(shi)用的時間：隨著使(shi)用時間的增(zeng)加，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)失(shi)水、極(ji)板與(yu)連接條的腐(fu)蝕、極(ji)板的硫酸化、極(ji)板變形及活性物質的脫落等(deng)因素，造成(cheng)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量減小，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)內(nei)阻變大。

2、蓄電池的(de)電荷量(liang)：由于注入(ru)蓄電池的(de)電解液深度、電極表(biao)面反應物質的(de)厚度、電極表(biao)面的(de)孔隙率等不同，而使蓄電池的(de)內阻相差較大，從而電荷量(liang)也相差較大。

3、溫(wen)度：環境溫(wen)度的變化，例(li)如上升，這時反應(ying)物質的擴散加(jia)快、電荷傳(chuan)遞、電極(ji)動力(li)學過程和物質轉(zhuan)移更容(rong)易進行，因而蓄電池內阻減小。反之，就會增(zeng)加(jia)。

4、蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的型號(hao)：不同(tong)(tong)生(sheng)產(chan)廠、不同(tong)(tong)種類、不同(tong)(tong)型號(hao)的蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，由于電(dian)(dian)極、電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液、隔膜(mo)的材料配(pei)方(fang)不同(tong)(tong)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的結構不同(tong)(tong)、裝配(pei)工藝(yi)不同(tong)(tong)而使(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)內阻產(chan)生(sheng)差異(yi)。

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1、選擇品牌的(de)蓄(xu)電池(chi)

購買(mai)汽車蓄電池時，盡量(liang)(liang)買(mai)品(pin)牌的(de)，質量(liang)(liang)有(you)保證。但是要(yao)注意，品(pin)牌的(de)也有(you)假冒(mao)的(de)，要(yao)去正規的(de)汽配中心(xin)購買(mai)才行。

2、小心翻新(xin)的

有的(de)蓄電池看(kan)起來很新(xin)(xin)，很可能(neng)是翻新(xin)(xin)的(de)，這就要看(kan)蓄電池的(de)做工是否(fou)精細、外包裝(zhuang)是否(fou)嚴密等(deng)。

3、要有保(bao)質期

購(gou)買了汽車新(xin)蓄(xu)電池，要有(you)一定的(de)保質期才行(xing)，這樣的(de)蓄(xu)電池才能(neng)用(yong)住(zhu)。不要使用(yong)一段(duan)時間(jian)后就虧電無(wu)法使用(yong)了。

4、注意蓄(xu)電(dian)池接口是否嶄新

蓄電池購買后，要仔細(xi)查(cha)看接口，是否嶄(zhan)新，有沒(mei)有用(yong)過的痕跡(ji)，有的新蓄電池被用(yong)了一段時間了，不宜購買。

5、蓄電池要(yao)注意用(yong)電保護

購(gou)買的新蓄電(dian)池，也要注意用電(dian)保護(hu)，不能熄(xi)火后還開(kai)著大(da)燈，非常耗電(dian)的。平常盡量少開(kai)收音機、燈光(guang)。

6、選擇適用的(de)蓄電池(chi)類(lei)型和規(gui)格尺寸

蓄蓄電(dian)(dian)池過(guo)(guo)大(da)過(guo)(guo)著過(guo)(guo)小都對使用有隱患(huan)，因此要選擇(ze)適合自(zi)己汽(qi)車(che)的(de)蓄蓄電(dian)(dian)池，并根據電(dian)(dian)器耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)的(de)大(da)小和特點，購買適合電(dian)(dian)器的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)池。

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1、恒(heng)定電(dian)流(liu)充電(dian)法

在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流始終(zhong)保持(chi)(chi)不變(bian)，叫做恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，簡稱恒流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)或(huo)等流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)由(you)于(yu)(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)逐(zhu)漸升高(gao)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流逐(zhu)漸下降(jiang)，為(wei)保持(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流不致因蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)升高(gao)而(er)減(jian)小，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程必須(xu)逐(zhu)漸升高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，以維持(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流始終(zhong)不變(bian)，這(zhe)對于(yu)(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備的自動(dong)化程度要求較(jiao)高(gao)，一般(ban)簡陋的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備是不能(neng)滿足恒流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要求的。恒流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，在蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)最(zui)大(da)(da)答應的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流情況下，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流越大(da)(da)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間就可以縮(suo)短。若從時間上考慮，采用(yong)此(ci)法(fa)有(you)利的。但在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期(qi)若充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流仍不變(bian)，這(zhe)時由(you)于(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)部分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流用(yong)于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解水上，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液出(chu)氣泡過多而(er)顯沸(fei)騰狀，這(zhe)不僅消耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，而(er)且(qie)輕易使極板上活性物質大(da)(da)量(liang)脫落，溫升過高(gao)，造(zao)成極板彎曲，容量(liang)迅速下降(jiang)而(er)提(ti)前報廢。所以，這(zhe)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)很少(shao)采用(yong)。

2、恒定電壓充電法

在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)始(shi)終保持不變，叫(jiao)做恒定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，簡(jian)(jian)稱恒壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)或等(deng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。由于(yu)(yu)恒壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始(shi)至后(hou)期，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)始(shi)終保持一(yi)定(ding)，所以在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始(shi)時(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流相當大，大大超過(guo)正常(chang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流值。但(dan)(dan)隨著(zhu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)行，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)逐漸升高，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流逐漸減(jian)小。當蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)相等(deng)時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流減(jian)至最小甚(shen)至為零。由此(ci)可見，采用(yong)(yong)(yong)恒壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)優(you)點(dian)在(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)，可以避免充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)期充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流過(guo)大而造成極(ji)板活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)脫落和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)(de)損失。但(dan)(dan)其(qi)缺點(dian)是，在(zai)(zai)剛開始(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流過(guo)大，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)體積變化(hua)收縮太快，影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)械強度，致使其(qi)脫落。而在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)期充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流又過(guo)小，使極(ji)板深處的(de)(de)(de)活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)得(de)不到充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)反應，形成長(chang)期充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不足，影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)。所以這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)一(yi)般只適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)無配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備或充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備較簡(jian)(jian)陋的(de)(de)(de)特殊場合，如汽車上蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，1號至5號干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)式的(de)(de)(de)小蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)均采用(yong)(yong)(yong)等(deng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)等(deng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)給(gei)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，所需(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)：酸性(xing)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)每(mei)個單(dan)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)為2.4～2.8V左右(you)，堿(jian)性(xing)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)每(mei)個單(dan)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)為1.6～2.0V左右(you)。

3、有固定(ding)電阻的恒定(ding)電壓(ya)充電

為補救恒定電(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的缺(que)點而采用的一種方法。即在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)源與電(dian)(dian)池之間串聯一電(dian)(dian)阻，這樣充(chong)電(dian)(dian)初期的電(dian)(dian)流(liu)可以調整。但有(you)(you)時最大充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)受到限制，因此(ci)隨充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程的進行，蓄電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓逐漸上(shang)升(sheng)，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)卻(que)幾乎成為直(zhi)線衰減。有(you)(you)時使(shi)用兩個電(dian)(dian)阻值，約在(zai)2.4V時，從低電(dian)(dian)阻轉(zhuan)換到高電(dian)(dian)阻，以減少出氣。

4、階段等流充電法

綜合恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)和恒(heng)壓(ya)充(chong)電(dian)法(fa)的(de)(de)特點，蓄電(dian)池在充(chong)電(dian)初期用(yong)(yong)較大的(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，經過一(yi)段(duan)時間(jian)改用(yong)(yong)較小的(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，至充(chong)電(dian)后期改用(yong)(yong)更小的(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，即不同(tong)階段(duan)內以不同(tong)的(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)進行恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)的(de)(de)方法(fa)，叫做階段(duan)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)法(fa)。階段(duan)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)法(fa)，一(yi)般可分(fen)為(wei)兩個階段(duan)進行，也(ye)可分(fen)為(wei)多個階段(duan)進行。

階段等流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法所需充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間短，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)果也好。由(you)于充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期改用(yong)(yong)較小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這樣減少了(le)氣泡對極板活(huo)性(xing)物質的沖(chong)洗，減少了(le)活(huo)性(xing)物質的脫落。這種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法能延長蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池使用(yong)(yong)壽命，并節省電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)又徹底，所以是當前常用(yong)(yong)的一(yi)種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法。一(yi)般(ban)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池第(di)一(yi)階段以10h率(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)進行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，第(di)二階段以20h率(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)進行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。各階段充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間的是非，各種(zhong)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的具體要求和標準(zhun)不(bu)一(yi)樣。

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1、蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)長久不用，它會(hui)慢慢自(zi)行(xing)放電(dian)(dian)，直(zhi)至報廢。因此，每隔一定(ding)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)就應啟動一次汽車，給蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)。另(ling)一個(ge)(ge)辦(ban)法就是(shi)將蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)上的(de)兩個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)拔下來，需(xu)注意(yi)的(de)是(shi)從電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)柱上拔下正、負(fu)兩根電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)線，要先(xian)拔下負(fu)極(ji)(ji)線，或卸下負(fu)極(ji)(ji)和汽車底盤的(de)連接。然后(hou)(hou)再拔去帶有正極(ji)(ji)標志（+）的(de)另(ling)一端，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)有一定(ding)的(de)使用壽命，到一定(ding)的(de)時(shi)(shi)期就要更(geng)換。在更(geng)換時(shi)(shi)同樣要遵循上述次序，不過在把電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)線接上去時(shi)(shi)，次序則恰恰相(xiang)反(fan)，先(xian)接正極(ji)(ji)，然后(hou)(hou)再接負(fu)極(ji)(ji)。

2、當電(dian)(dian)流(liu)表指針(zhen)顯示蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)量不足時(shi)(shi)，要(yao)及時(shi)(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)量可(ke)以(yi)在儀表板上(shang)反映出來。有時(shi)(shi)在路(lu)途中發(fa)現電(dian)(dian)量不夠了(le)，發(fa)動(dong)機又熄火啟動(dong)不了(le)，作(zuo)為(wei)臨時(shi)(shi)措施，可(ke)以(yi)向(xiang)其他的車輛(liang)求助，用它們車輛(liang)上(shang)的蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池來發(fa)動(dong)車輛(liang)，將兩個蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的負極(ji)和負極(ji)相連，正(zheng)極(ji)和正(zheng)極(ji)相連。

3、電解液的(de)密度應(ying)按(an)照不同的(de)地區、不同的(de)季節按(an)照標準進(jin)行相應(ying)的(de)調整(zheng)。

4、在虧電解液時應補充蒸(zheng)餾水(shui)或專(zhuan)用補液。切忌(ji)用飲用純凈水(shui)代替(ti)。因為純凈水(shui)中含有多種微量元素，對(dui)蓄電池(chi)會造成不良影(ying)響。

5、在(zai)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)汽車時(shi)，不間斷地(di)使用啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)機會導致蓄電(dian)池因過度放電(dian)而損(sun)壞(huai)。正確的(de)使用辦法是每次發動(dong)(dong)車的(de)時(shi)間總長(chang)不超過5秒，再(zai)次啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)間隔(ge)時(shi)間不少于15秒。在(zai)多(duo)次啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)仍不著車的(de)情況(kuang)下應從電(dian)路、點火線圈或油路等其他方面找原因。

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1、脈沖修復法(fa)

蓄電(dian)池消除(chu)硫化比較好的(de)(de)方(fang)法就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是采用(yong)脈沖(chong)(chong)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)法。在修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)蓄電(dian)池時，脈沖(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)瞬間(jian)電(dian)壓(ya)一般根據產品(pin)所體現的(de)(de)功能需要(yao)，采取的(de)(de)瞬間(jian)電(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)60V—300V之(zhi)間(jian)，如(ru)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)蓄電(dian)池延壽的(de)(de)產品(pin)脈沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)益過大，專門由(you)于(yu)(yu)蓄電(dian)池修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)產品(pin)的(de)(de)脈沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)可以(yi)偏(pian)大（如(ru)果脈沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)太大對(dui)電(dian)池極(ji)板(ban)會造成損傷），脈沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)高(gao)，蓄電(dian)池修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)時間(jian)短，脈沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)低，蓄電(dian)池修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)時間(jian)相對(dui)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)長，盡管脈沖(chong)(chong)瞬間(jian)電(dian)壓(ya)很高(gao)，但平均電(dian)壓(ya)并(bing)不(bu)高(gao)，對(dui)人體沒有傷害(hai)，十分安全。

市場上有(you)(you)專門的(de)(de)脈沖(chong)發生器(qi)銷售，但要注意選擇(ze)效果好的(de)(de)一種(zhong)。脈沖(chong)與蓄電池極(ji)(ji)板的(de)(de)諧(xie)振很重要，這就(jiu)取(qu)決(jue)與脈沖(chong)頻(pin)率大小、幅(fu)度寬窄，脈沖(chong)頻(pin)率和幅(fu)度不(bu)(bu)夠(gou)就(jiu)達不(bu)(bu)到消除硫(liu)酸(suan)結晶的(de)(de)效果，頻(pin)率和幅(fu)度太(tai)大則會出現消除了硫(liu)化而(er)損(sun)傷了電極(ji)(ji)板，并出現析氣現象；同時，脈沖(chong)波形也有(you)(you)很多種(zhong)，在示波器(qi)上可以顯示。

2、強(qiang)電修復法

強電(dian)修復(fu)法就是采取充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)的(de)(de)持久高電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)或大(da)電(dian)流(liu)修復(fu)蓄電(dian)池的(de)(de)方法，多(duo)在(zai)脈沖修復(fu)法效果不明(ming)顯時(shi)采用(yong)。其一、高電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)修復(fu)法：這種方法主要是采取電(dian)池標稱電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)1.3-1.5倍的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)修復(fu)電(dian)池，如36V蓄電(dian)池在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)不變(bian)或接(jie)近的(de)(de)條件下，采用(yong)48V的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)器進行充(chong)電(dian)，充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間要掌握(wo)分寸(cun)，不易(yi)過長，否則電(dian)池會因(yin)析氣發熱。

3、全充全放電(dian)修復法

全(quan)(quan)充全(quan)(quan)放(fang)電修(xiu)復法就是對蓄電池(chi)采取完全(quan)(quan)充滿電后(hou)，再完全(quan)(quan)的放(fang)電修(xiu)復蓄電池(chi)的方法。全(quan)(quan)充全(quan)(quan)放(fang)電修(xiu)復法主要是對輕度損傷的蓄電池(chi)具有一定的修(xiu)復作用，同時此(ci)方法還可以(yi)有效的激活(huo)(huo)電瓶深層的活(huo)(huo)性物質，提高(gao)蓄電池(chi)容量。

4、補水修復法

對蓄電池“失水”采(cai)取補(bu)(bu)水的方法(fa)便(bian)可(ke)修復，其目的是(shi)稀釋濃(nong)度(du)提高的硫酸正常進行電解反應。補(bu)(bu)水方法(fa)上較為簡單，只用打開(kai)蓄電池上蓋，可(ke)以看見有六個圓孔，向每個圓孔注射一定量的蒸餾水，再浸泡24小時以上就可(ke)以了。

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