蓄電池常用的充電方法

恒定電流充電法

在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)中(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)始終保(bao)持(chi)不(bu)(bu)變，叫做恒(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，簡稱恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)或等(deng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)中(zhong)由于蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)逐漸(jian)升(sheng)高，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)逐漸(jian)下(xia)(xia)降，為保(bao)持(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不(bu)(bu)致因蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)升(sheng)高而(er)減小，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)必須逐漸(jian)升(sheng)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，以維(wei)持(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)始終不(bu)(bu)變，這(zhe)對于充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備的自動(dong)化程(cheng)度要求較高，一般簡陋的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備是不(bu)(bu)能滿足恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要求的。恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，在(zai)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)最大(da)(da)答應(ying)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)情(qing)況下(xia)(xia)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)越大(da)(da)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)就可以縮短。若從時間(jian)上考慮，采用(yong)此法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)有利的。但(dan)在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期若充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)仍不(bu)(bu)變，這(zhe)時由于大(da)(da)部分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)用(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解水上，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液出(chu)氣泡過多而(er)顯沸騰狀，這(zhe)不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)消耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，而(er)且(qie)輕易使極板(ban)(ban)上活性(xing)物質大(da)(da)量脫(tuo)落，溫升(sheng)過高，造成(cheng)極板(ban)(ban)彎曲，容(rong)量迅速下(xia)(xia)降而(er)提前報廢。所以，這(zhe)種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)很(hen)少(shao)采用(yong)。

恒定電壓充電法

在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)始(shi)終保(bao)持不(bu)變，叫做恒(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法，簡稱(cheng)恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法或等(deng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法。由于恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始(shi)至后(hou)期(qi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)始(shi)終保(bao)持一定，所(suo)以(yi)在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始(shi)時充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)相(xiang)當大(da)，大(da)大(da)超過正常(chang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)值。但隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的進(jin)行，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)逐漸升高，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)逐漸減小(xiao)。當蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和(he)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)相(xiang)等(deng)時，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)減至最(zui)小(xiao)甚(shen)至為零。由此可(ke)見，采用(yong)恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法的優點在于，可(ke)以(yi)避免充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)過大(da)而造成極板(ban)活(huo)性物質(zhi)脫(tuo)落和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的損(sun)失。但其缺點是，在剛開始(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)過大(da)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極活(huo)性物質(zhi)體(ti)積(ji)變化收(shou)縮太快，影響(xiang)活(huo)性物質(zhi)的機械(xie)強度，致使(shi)其脫(tuo)落。而在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)又過小(xiao)，使(shi)極板(ban)深處的活(huo)性物質(zhi)得不(bu)到充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)反(fan)應，形(xing)成長期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)足，影響(xiang)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命。所(suo)以(yi)這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法一般只適用(yong)于無(wu)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備或充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備較簡陋的特殊場合，如(ru)汽車(che)上(shang)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，1號(hao)(hao)至5號(hao)(hao)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)式的小(xiao)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)均采用(yong)等(deng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法。采用(yong)等(deng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法給蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，所(suo)需(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)：酸(suan)性蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)每個單體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)為2.4～2.8V左(zuo)右(you)(you)，堿性蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)每個單體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)為1.6～2.0V左(zuo)右(you)(you)。

有固定電阻的恒定電壓充電

為補(bu)救恒(heng)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)缺點而采用(yong)的(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)方法(fa)。即在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源與電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)之間串(chuan)聯一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)，這(zhe)樣(yang)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)初期的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)可以調整。但有時(shi)最大(da)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)受到限制(zhi)，因此隨充電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)(de)進行，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓逐漸(jian)上升(sheng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)卻(que)幾乎成為直線(xian)衰(shuai)減(jian)(jian)。有時(shi)使用(yong)兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值，約在2.4V時(shi)，從低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)轉換到高電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)，以減(jian)(jian)少出氣。

階段等流充電法

綜(zong)合恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)和(he)恒(heng)(heng)壓充電(dian)(dian)法(fa)的(de)(de)特點，蓄電(dian)(dian)池在充電(dian)(dian)初期用(yong)(yong)(yong)較大的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，經(jing)過一段時間改用(yong)(yong)(yong)較小的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，至充電(dian)(dian)后期改用(yong)(yong)(yong)更小的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，即不同階(jie)(jie)段內以不同的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)進行恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)方法(fa)，叫做階(jie)(jie)段恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)法(fa)。階(jie)(jie)段恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)法(fa)，一般(ban)可(ke)分為兩個階(jie)(jie)段進行，也可(ke)分為多個階(jie)(jie)段進行。

階段(duan)(duan)(duan)等流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法所需(xu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)短(duan)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效果也好(hao)。由(you)于充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期(qi)改用(yong)較小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這(zhe)樣(yang)減少了(le)氣(qi)泡(pao)對極板活(huo)性物質的(de)(de)(de)沖(chong)洗(xi)，減少了(le)活(huo)性物質的(de)(de)(de)脫落。這(zhe)種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法能延長蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用(yong)壽(shou)命，并節(jie)省(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)又徹底，所以(yi)(yi)是當(dang)前常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法。一(yi)般蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)第一(yi)階段(duan)(duan)(duan)以(yi)(yi)10h率電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)進行(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，第二階段(duan)(duan)(duan)以(yi)(yi)20h率電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)進行(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。各階段(duan)(duan)(duan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)是非，各種蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)具體要求(qiu)和(he)標準(zhun)不一(yi)樣(yang)。

浮充電法

間歇使用(yong)的(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)或僅在交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)才使用(yong)的(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，其充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式為浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)式。一(yi)些特殊場合(he)使用(yong)的(de)(de)固(gu)定(ding)型(xing)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)一(yi)般均采用(yong)浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)的(de)(de)優點主要(yao)在于(yu)能減少蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)析氣率，并可防止過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)由于(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)同(tong)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)并聯供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)瞬時(shi)(shi)(shi)輸出大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，這(zhe)有助于(yu)鎮靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)統的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，使用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)正常。浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)的(de)(de)缺點是個別蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不均衡和充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)不足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，所以需要(yao)進行定(ding)期的(de)(de)均衡充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

蓄電池的快速充電方法

定電流定周期快速充電法

這(zhe)種(zhong)方法的(de)(de)特點是(shi)，以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流幅度(du)恒定和周期恒定的(de)(de)脈(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，兩個充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)沖(chong)之間有(you)一放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)沖(chong)進(jin)行往(wang)極化(hua)，以進(jin)步蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接受能力。在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流及其脈(mo)寬不(bu)受蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態的(de)(de)影響。因此，它是(shi)一種(zhong)開環式(shi)脈(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這(zhe)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法易(yi)使蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池布(bu)滿容量(liang)，但假如不(bu)增(zeng)加防(fang)止過(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)保護裝置，輕易(yi)造成強烈(lie)的(de)(de)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，影響蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)使用壽命。在這(zhe)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法中，固(gu)然整(zheng)個充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程均(jun)加有(you)往(wang)極化(hua)措施(shi)，但是(shi)這(zhe)種(zhong)固(gu)定的(de)(de)往(wang)極化(hua)措施(shi)，難于適(shi)合充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)全過(guo)程的(de)(de)要求。

定電流定出氣率脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這(zhe)(zhe)種充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)特點是(shi)：在(zai)整個充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)脈(mo)沖的(de)(de)幅值(zhi)和蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)(chu)氣(qi)率始(shi)終保(bao)持(chi)不變。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程初(chu)期，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)略(lve)低于(yu)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)初(chu)始(shi)接(jie)受(shou)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)。在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中，由于(yu)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池可(ke)(ke)接(jie)受(shou)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)逐漸減小，所以經(jing)過(guo)一段時間(jian)后，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)將(jiang)超過(guo)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)接(jie)受(shou)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，因(yin)而蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池內(nei)將(jiang)產(chan)生(sheng)較(jiao)多的(de)(de)氣(qi)體，出(chu)(chu)(chu)氣(qi)率明顯增加。此時，氣(qi)體檢測元件能夠及時發出(chu)(chu)(chu)控制(zhi)信號，迫(po)使蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，進(jin)行短時放電(dian)(dian)。這(zhe)(zhe)樣蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池內(nei)部的(de)(de)極化作用很快消(xiao)失，因(yin)而出(chu)(chu)(chu)氣(qi)率可(ke)(ke)以始(shi)終保(bao)持(chi)在(zai)較(jiao)低的(de)(de)預定值(zhi)內(nei)。目前，國(guo)外有這(zhe)(zhe)樣的(de)(de)方(fang)案(an)。國(guo)內(nei)因(yin)缺少(shao)(shao)氣(qi)體敏感元件， 對這(zhe)(zhe)種方(fang)法(fa)很少(shao)(shao)研究。

定電流定電壓脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法的(de)(de)(de)特點是，以(yi)恒(heng)定大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，待(dai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)到一(yi)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)（相當于(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池出氣點的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)）時(shi)，停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并進(jin)行大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)（或小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)）放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)往極化(hua)，然(ran)后(hou)再以(yi)恒(heng)定大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，依此，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程交替地進(jin)行。放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖的(de)(de)(de)頻率隨(sui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)人電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)加(jia)而(er)增(zeng)加(jia)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖的(de)(de)(de)寬度隨(sui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)人電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)加(jia)而(er)減(jian)少。當充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)和放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)基本相等(deng)時(shi)，表示蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池已布滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，立即結束充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

根據(ju)這(zhe)種方法(fa)(fa)，國(guo)內外(wai)都有多種方案來實現蓄電池快(kuai)(kuai)速充(chong)電。這(zhe)種方法(fa)(fa)，充(chong)電初(chu)期無往極化措(cuo)施。在加有往極化措(cuo)施后充(chong)電脈沖寬度不斷減小(xiao)，使得充(chong)電電流均勻值下降(jiang)較快(kuai)(kuai)，延長了充(chong)電時間。

定電流提升電壓脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這種方(fang)法是(shi)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)脈沖充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)往極化(hua)快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法的改進(jin)。它是(shi)以恒定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)（如IC）充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，當蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)達到充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)出(chu)氣點電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)后(hou)(hou)（單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)2.35～2.5V）時，停止充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)并進(jin)行放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)（如放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)2～3C，脈沖寬度(du)為1ms），然后(hou)(hou)再充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)……從加有放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)往極化(hua)脈沖以后(hou)(hou)，用積分器件門路形跟蹤調高充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)（提升出(chu)氣點電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)），以加快充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)度(du)和進(jin)步布滿(man)程(cheng)度(du)。其它和定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)法相同。

定電壓定頻率脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這種方法(fa)的(de)特(te)點是(shi)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓幅(fu)值保持恒(heng)定，隨著充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程的(de)進(jin)行，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)動勢逐(zhu)漸上升，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)幅(fu)值逐(zhu)漸減小(xiao)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)頻率恒(heng)定，在兩(liang)個充(chong)電(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)之間加(jia)有放電(dian)(dian)往極化脈沖(chong)。

端電壓和充放電頻率選擇脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這種方法的特點是，根據蓄(xu)電池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電過程中的極化情況選(xuan)擇充(chong)(chong)放電脈沖(chong)的頻率，并(bing)在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電后期(qi)將蓄(xu)電池(chi)端電壓限定(ding)在(zai)預(yu)選(xuan)的數值(zhi)，使出氣率限制在(zai)一定(ding)的容許值(zhi)。

適應全過程往極化脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這種方(fang)法(fa)的特點是，在(zai)充(chong)電全過程都適時加(jia)有往(wang)(wang)(wang)極(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)的放(fang)(fang)電脈沖(chong)，在(zai)放(fang)(fang)電脈沖(chong)后充(chong)電電流恢復之前，均進(jin)行往(wang)(wang)(wang)極(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)效果檢測，達到一(yi)定往(wang)(wang)(wang)極(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)效果再轉回充(chong)電，否則(ze)再次進(jin)行往(wang)(wang)(wang)極(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)放(fang)(fang)電，直至達到往(wang)(wang)(wang)極(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)要求的效果才(cai)轉回充(chong)電，這樣(yang)，可使往(wang)(wang)(wang)極(ji)(ji)措施(shi)適應全過程。這種方(fang)案能有效地將氣體析出量抑制在(zai)很小的數值內。

蓄電池理想充電方法

三階段充電法

目前(qian)的航空蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)均采(cai)用階(jie)段恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法。一(yi)般(ban)酸(suan)性航空蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)采(cai)用恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)兩階(jie)段充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法。堿性航空蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)采(cai)用恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)兩階(jie)段充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法或(huo)恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)一(yi)階(jie)段充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法。但(dan)這種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)中(zhong)間階(jie)段闊別了(le)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)接受率曲線，所以三(san)階(jie)段充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法更好一(yi)點。

三(san)(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)是兩階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)等(deng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)和恒(heng)(heng)定(ding)(ding)等(deng)壓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)相(xiang)結合的方(fang)式。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始和結束(shu)時采用(yong)(yong)恒(heng)(heng)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，中間階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)為恒(heng)(heng)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初期用(yong)(yong)較大的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，經過一段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)時間改(gai)為恒(heng)(heng)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)衰減到預定(ding)(ding)值時，由第二階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)轉到第三(san)(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)。采用(yong)(yong)三(san)(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)的優點是：避免了恒(heng)(heng)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)開始充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)過大，而后期電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)又過小的情(qing)況(kuang)，比(bi)二階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)等(deng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在(zai)中間階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)更接(jie)近充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)接(jie)受(shou)率(lv)曲線。這種充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)減少了充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出氣量，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)又徹底，延長了蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)。三(san)(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)和充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓變(bian)化曲線如圖1所示。

定電流定電壓快速充電法

以恒定大(da)電流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電，當充(chong)(chong)到蓄(xu)電池的出氣電壓時，停止充(chong)(chong)電并進行(xing)放(fang)電，然后進行(xing)大(da)電流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電，充(chong)(chong)放(fang)電過程依(yi)次交替進行(xing)。放(fang)電脈(mo)沖(chong)的寬度隨充(chong)(chong)進電量(liang)增加，充(chong)(chong)電脈(mo)沖(chong)寬度隨充(chong)(chong)進電量(liang)增加而減(jian)小(xiao)。當充(chong)(chong)電量(liang)和放(fang)電量(liang)基本(ben)相(xiang)等時，表(biao)明(ming)蓄(xu)電池已基本(ben)布滿(man)，立即(ji)結束(shu)充(chong)(chong)電。

地(di)方上已有這(zhe)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備，其(qi)工作過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)是(shi)三相(xiang)(xiang)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)經(jing)(jing)接(jie)觸器(qi)、變壓器(qi)及(ji)可(ke)控(kong)(kong)硅充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。待(dai)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓達(da)到出(chu)氣點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，經(jing)(jing)過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓傳感器(qi)檢測并(bing)(bing)發出(chu)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)。此信(xin)(xin)號(hao)使充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)轉為停止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態，并(bing)(bing)發出(chu)三個控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)。第(di)(di)一個控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)是(shi)關(guan)斷(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)沖(chong)發生器(qi)的(de)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)。第(di)(di)二控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)是(shi)開(kai)(kai)始往極化(hua)(hua)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)，它經(jing)(jing)過(guo)(guo)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前停止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)延(yan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)延(yan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（t1-t2）后(hou)，發出(chu)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)(kai)始脈(mo)沖(chong)，打開(kai)(kai)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)開(kai)(kai)始向放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并(bing)(bing)經(jing)(jing)過(guo)(guo)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)延(yan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)延(yan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（t2- t3）后(hou)，發出(chu)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)關(guan)脈(mo)沖(chong)，結束放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。依次重復(fu)進行充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)，直(zhi)至(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束。第(di)(di)三個控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)送(song)給(gei)開(kai)(kai)始放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)計時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)，使其(qi)從(cong)第(di)(di)一次往極化(hua)(hua)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)(kai)始計時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，到預定的(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間后(hou)結束充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，自動關(guan)機。用這(zhe)種(zhong)方法充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流波形(xing)如圖2所示(shi)。上述兩種(zhong)方法是(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法的(de)改進方向。我國(guo)采(cai)用的(de)快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方案很多，性能(neng)差異很大(da)(da)。各種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)壽命影響也大(da)(da)不相(xiang)(xiang)同。這(zhe)兩種(zhong)方法在理論(lun)上比較適合對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)要(yao)求。

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