蓄電池常用的充電方法

恒定電流充電法

在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)始(shi)終保持不(bu)變(bian)(bian)，叫做恒(heng)(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法，簡稱恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法或等流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法。在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中由(you)于(yu)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓逐漸(jian)升高，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)逐漸(jian)下降(jiang)，為保持充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)不(bu)致因(yin)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓升高而減小，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程必須逐漸(jian)升高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，以維持充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)始(shi)終不(bu)變(bian)(bian)，這(zhe)(zhe)對(dui)于(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)自動化程度要求(qiu)較高，一般簡陋的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)是不(bu)能滿足恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要求(qiu)的(de)(de)。恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法，在(zai)(zai)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池最大(da)答應的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)情況下，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)越大(da)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間就可(ke)以縮短。若(ruo)從時間上(shang)考(kao)慮，采用(yong)此法有(you)利的(de)(de)。但在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期若(ruo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)仍不(bu)變(bian)(bian)，這(zhe)(zhe)時由(you)于(yu)大(da)部分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)用(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)水上(shang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液出氣泡過(guo)多而顯沸騰狀，這(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)僅消耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，而且輕易(yi)使極板上(shang)活性物質大(da)量脫落(luo)，溫升過(guo)高，造成極板彎(wan)曲，容量迅速下降(jiang)而提(ti)前報廢。所以，這(zhe)(zhe)種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法很少采用(yong)。

恒定電壓充電法

在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)始終(zhong)保持(chi)不(bu)變(bian)，叫(jiao)做恒(heng)(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法，簡稱恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法或等(deng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法。由于恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始至后(hou)期，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)始終(zhong)保持(chi)一定，所(suo)以在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始時(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)相(xiang)當大(da)，大(da)大(da)超過正常充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)值。但隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)行，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)逐(zhu)漸升高，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)逐(zhu)漸減小(xiao)(xiao)。當蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和(he)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)相(xiang)等(deng)時(shi)(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)減至最小(xiao)(xiao)甚至為零。由此可見，采用(yong)恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)優點在(zai)于，可以避免充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)期充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)過大(da)而造成(cheng)極板活(huo)(huo)性物(wu)質(zhi)脫落和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)損失(shi)。但其缺點是(shi)，在(zai)剛開始充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)過大(da)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極活(huo)(huo)性物(wu)質(zhi)體積變(bian)化收縮(suo)太快，影響活(huo)(huo)性物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機械強(qiang)度(du)，致使其脫落。而在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)期充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)又(you)過小(xiao)(xiao)，使極板深處的(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)性物(wu)質(zhi)得(de)不(bu)到(dao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)反應，形成(cheng)長期充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)足，影響蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命。所(suo)以這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法一般只(zhi)適用(yong)于無配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備或充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備較簡陋的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)殊(shu)場合，如汽車上蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，1號至5號干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)均采用(yong)等(deng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法。采用(yong)等(deng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法給(gei)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，所(suo)需電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)：酸性蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)每(mei)個單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)為2.4～2.8V左(zuo)右，堿性蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)每(mei)個單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)為1.6～2.0V左(zuo)右。

有固定電阻的恒定電壓充電

為(wei)補(bu)救恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)缺點(dian)而(er)采用的(de)一種方(fang)法。即在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)之(zhi)間串聯一電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，這樣充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初(chu)期的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)可以調整。但有時(shi)最大充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)受到(dao)(dao)限(xian)制，因此隨充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程的(de)進(jin)行(xing)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)逐漸(jian)上升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)卻幾(ji)乎成為(wei)直線衰減。有時(shi)使用兩(liang)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值，約在2.4V時(shi)，從低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻轉(zhuan)換到(dao)(dao)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，以減少(shao)出(chu)氣。

階段等流充電法

綜合恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和恒(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)法的(de)特(te)點，蓄電(dian)池在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)初(chu)期用較大的(de)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，經過(guo)一(yi)段(duan)時間改用較小的(de)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，至充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)后期改用更小的(de)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，即不(bu)同階(jie)(jie)段(duan)內以不(bu)同的(de)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)進行(xing)(xing)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)的(de)方法，叫做階(jie)(jie)段(duan)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)法。階(jie)(jie)段(duan)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)法，一(yi)般可分為(wei)兩個階(jie)(jie)段(duan)進行(xing)(xing)，也可分為(wei)多個階(jie)(jie)段(duan)進行(xing)(xing)。

階(jie)段(duan)等流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法所需充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間短，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)效果也好。由于充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)后期改用較小電(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，這樣減少了氣(qi)泡對(dui)極(ji)板(ban)活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質的沖洗(xi)，減少了活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質的脫落(luo)。這種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法能延長蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用壽命，并節省電(dian)(dian)能，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)又徹(che)底(di)，所以是當前常用的一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方法。一(yi)(yi)般蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)第(di)一(yi)(yi)階(jie)段(duan)以10h率(lv)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)進(jin)行充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，第(di)二階(jie)段(duan)以20h率(lv)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)進(jin)行充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。各(ge)階(jie)段(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間的是非(fei)，各(ge)種(zhong)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的具體要求和標準(zhun)不一(yi)(yi)樣。

浮充電法

間(jian)歇使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)或(huo)僅在交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時才(cai)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，其充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)為浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)式(shi)。一些特殊(shu)場(chang)合使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)固定型蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)一般均(jun)采用(yong)浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法對蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)進行(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法的(de)(de)(de)優(you)點主要在于(yu)能減少(shao)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)析氣率，并可(ke)防止過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，同時由于(yu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)同直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源并聯供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)瞬時輸出大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，這有助于(yu)鎮靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源系統的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)正常。浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法的(de)(de)(de)缺點是(shi)個(ge)別(bie)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)均(jun)衡和充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)不(bu)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，所以需要進行(xing)定期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)均(jun)衡充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

蓄電池的快速充電方法

定電流定周期快速充電法

這(zhe)種方法的(de)(de)特(te)點是，以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)幅(fu)度(du)恒(heng)(heng)定和(he)周期(qi)恒(heng)(heng)定的(de)(de)脈(mo)(mo)沖充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)對蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，兩個充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)(mo)沖之(zhi)間(jian)有(you)一放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)(mo)沖進(jin)行往極(ji)化(hua)(hua)，以(yi)進(jin)步蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)受能力。在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)中，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)及其脈(mo)(mo)寬(kuan)不受蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態的(de)(de)影響。因此，它是一種開環(huan)式脈(mo)(mo)沖充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這(zhe)種充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法易(yi)(yi)使蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)布滿容量，但(dan)假如不增加防止過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)保護裝置，輕(qing)易(yi)(yi)造(zao)成強(qiang)烈的(de)(de)過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，影響蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)使用壽命。在這(zhe)種充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法中，固(gu)然(ran)整個充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)均加有(you)往極(ji)化(hua)(hua)措施(shi)，但(dan)是這(zhe)種固(gu)定的(de)(de)往極(ji)化(hua)(hua)措施(shi)，難于適(shi)合(he)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)全過程(cheng)的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。

定電流定出氣率脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這(zhe)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法的(de)特點是：在整個充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流脈沖的(de)幅值和蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)出氣(qi)(qi)(qi)率(lv)始(shi)終保持不變。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)初期(qi)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流略低(di)于蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)初始(shi)接(jie)受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中，由(you)于蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可(ke)(ke)接(jie)受的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流逐漸減小，所(suo)以經過(guo)(guo)一段(duan)時間(jian)后，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流將超過(guo)(guo)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)可(ke)(ke)接(jie)受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，因(yin)(yin)而蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內(nei)將產生較多的(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體，出氣(qi)(qi)(qi)率(lv)明(ming)顯增(zeng)加(jia)。此(ci)時，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體檢測元件能夠及時發出控制信號，迫使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)停止充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，進行(xing)短(duan)時放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這(zhe)樣(yang)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內(nei)部的(de)極化作用很快消(xiao)失，因(yin)(yin)而出氣(qi)(qi)(qi)率(lv)可(ke)(ke)以始(shi)終保持在較低(di)的(de)預定值內(nei)。目前，國(guo)外有(you)這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)方(fang)案。國(guo)內(nei)因(yin)(yin)缺少氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體敏感(gan)元件， 對這(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)法很少研究。

定電流定電壓脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方法的(de)(de)特點是(shi)，以恒(heng)定(ding)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，待(dai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)到(dao)一定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓（相當于蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池出氣點的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓）時，停止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)并進行大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流（或小電(dian)(dian)(dian)流）放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)往極化(hua)，然后再(zai)以恒(heng)定(ding)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，依此，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程交替地進行。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)頻(pin)率隨充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)人電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)增加(jia)而(er)增加(jia)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)寬度隨充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)人電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)增加(jia)而(er)減(jian)少。當充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)和放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)基本相等時，表示蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池已布滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)，立即(ji)結束(shu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

根據這(zhe)種方(fang)法(fa)(fa)，國內(nei)外都有多種方(fang)案(an)來實現蓄電(dian)(dian)池快(kuai)速充電(dian)(dian)。這(zhe)種方(fang)法(fa)(fa)，充電(dian)(dian)初期無(wu)往極化(hua)(hua)措施。在加有往極化(hua)(hua)措施后(hou)充電(dian)(dian)脈沖寬度不斷(duan)減小，使得充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流均勻值下降較快(kuai)，延長了充電(dian)(dian)時間。

定電流提升電壓脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這種(zhong)方法是定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)脈沖充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)往(wang)極(ji)化快速(su)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法的(de)改(gai)進。它是以(yi)恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)（如(ru)IC）充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)達到充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出(chu)氣點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)后（單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)2.35～2.5V）時，停(ting)止充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并進行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（如(ru)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)2～3C，脈沖寬度(du)為1ms），然后再充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)……從加有放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)往(wang)極(ji)化脈沖以(yi)后，用積分(fen)器件門路(lu)形跟蹤(zong)調高充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)（提升出(chu)氣點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)），以(yi)加快充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)度(du)和進步布滿程度(du)。其它和定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)法相(xiang)同。

定電壓定頻率脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這種方法的特點是，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓幅值保持恒定，隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程的進行，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢逐(zhu)漸(jian)上升，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)幅值逐(zhu)漸(jian)減小，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的頻率恒定，在兩個充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖之(zhi)間加有放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)往極(ji)化脈沖。

端電壓和充放電頻率選擇脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這種方法的特點是，根(gen)據蓄電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程(cheng)中的極化情況選(xuan)擇充(chong)(chong)(chong)放電(dian)脈沖的頻率，并在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)后期將蓄電(dian)池端電(dian)壓限(xian)定(ding)在(zai)預選(xuan)的數值，使出氣率限(xian)制在(zai)一定(ding)的容許值。

適應全過程往極化脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)的特(te)點是，在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)全過程都適時加(jia)有往(wang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)的放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖，在放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖后(hou)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流恢復(fu)之前(qian)，均(jun)進行(xing)往(wang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)效果(guo)檢測(ce)，達到(dao)(dao)一定往(wang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)效果(guo)再轉回充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，否則再次進行(xing)往(wang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，直至達到(dao)(dao)往(wang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)要求(qiu)的效果(guo)才(cai)轉回充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這(zhe)樣(yang)，可使往(wang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)措施適應(ying)全過程。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)案能有效地將氣體(ti)析出(chu)量抑制(zhi)在很小的數值(zhi)內。

蓄電池理想充電方法

三階段充電法

目前的航空(kong)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)均采(cai)(cai)用(yong)階(jie)(jie)段恒流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)。一(yi)般酸性(xing)航空(kong)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池采(cai)(cai)用(yong)恒流(liu)兩(liang)(liang)階(jie)(jie)段充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)。堿性(xing)航空(kong)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池采(cai)(cai)用(yong)恒流(liu)兩(liang)(liang)階(jie)(jie)段充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)或恒流(liu)一(yi)階(jie)(jie)段充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)。但這種充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)中(zhong)間階(jie)(jie)段闊別了充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)接受(shou)率曲(qu)線(xian)，所以三階(jie)(jie)段充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)更好(hao)一(yi)點。

三階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)是兩階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)等(deng)(deng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)恒定(ding)等(deng)(deng)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)相結(jie)合的(de)方式。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始和(he)結(jie)束時采(cai)用(yong)恒定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，中間階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)為(wei)(wei)恒定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初期用(yong)較(jiao)大的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，經過一段(duan)(duan)時間改(gai)為(wei)(wei)恒定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)衰減到(dao)預定(ding)值時，由第二(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)轉(zhuan)到(dao)第三階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)。采(cai)用(yong)三階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)優點是：避免了(le)(le)恒定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)開始充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)過大，而后期電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)又(you)(you)過小的(de)情(qing)況，比(bi)二(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)等(deng)(deng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在(zai)中間階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)更接近充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)接受率曲(qu)(qu)線。這(zhe)種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)減少了(le)(le)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出氣量，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)又(you)(you)徹底，延長了(le)(le)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用(yong)壽命(ming)。三階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和(he)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓變化曲(qu)(qu)線如圖1所示。

定電流定電壓快速充電法

以恒(heng)定大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，當(dang)充(chong)到蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)出氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時，停止充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)并進(jin)(jin)行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，然后進(jin)(jin)行大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程依次交替進(jin)(jin)行。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)(chong)的(de)寬度(du)隨充(chong)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)增加，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)(chong)寬度(du)隨充(chong)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)增加而減小(xiao)。當(dang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)和放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)基本相等時，表明蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池已(yi)基本布(bu)滿(man)，立即結束充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

地方(fang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)已有這種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)，其工作(zuo)過(guo)程是三相交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源經(jing)(jing)接觸器(qi)(qi)、變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)及可控硅(gui)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)(kai)關對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。待蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓達到(dao)出氣點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時，經(jing)(jing)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓傳(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)檢測并發出信號(hao)。此信號(hao)使充(chong)、放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態控制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)轉(zhuan)為停(ting)止充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態，并發出三個控制(zhi)信號(hao)。第(di)(di)一個控制(zhi)信號(hao)是關斷(duan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖發生(sheng)器(qi)(qi)的(de)信號(hao)。第(di)(di)二(er)控制(zhi)信號(hao)是開(kai)(kai)始往極化(hua)信號(hao)，它經(jing)(jing)過(guo)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前停(ting)止充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)延(yan)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)延(yan)時（t1-t2）后(hou)(hou)，發出放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)(kai)始脈沖，打開(kai)(kai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)(kai)關，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)開(kai)(kai)始向放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并經(jing)(jing)過(guo)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)延(yan)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)延(yan)時（t2- t3）后(hou)(hou)，發出放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)關脈沖，結束(shu)(shu)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。依次重復進行充(chong)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程，直(zhi)至充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束(shu)(shu)。第(di)(di)三個控制(zhi)信號(hao)送給開(kai)(kai)始放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)計(ji)時器(qi)(qi)，使其從第(di)(di)一次往極化(hua)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)(kai)始計(ji)時，到(dao)預定的(de)時間后(hou)(hou)結束(shu)(shu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，自動關機。用這種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流波形如圖2所示。上(shang)(shang)(shang)述兩(liang)種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)是蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)的(de)改進方(fang)向。我(wo)國采用的(de)快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)案很多，性能差異很大。各種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)壽(shou)命影響(xiang)也大不相同。這兩(liang)種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)在(zai)理論上(shang)(shang)(shang)比較適合對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)要求(qiu)。

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