電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)是一種(zhong)將電(dian)能轉換為機(ji)(ji)械(xie)能的(de)(de)設備,它在現(xian)代工(gong)業(ye)、農業(ye)、交通運輸、家電(dian)等(deng)領域(yu)(yu)中扮演著(zhu)至關(guan)重要的(de)(de)角色。電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)將為人類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)生產和(he)生活提供(gong)更高效、環保(bao)和(he)可靠的(de)(de)能源(yuan)解決方(fang)案。電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)在各個領域(yu)(yu)都(dou)有廣泛的(de)(de)應用,所(suo)以(yi)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)很多,按工(gong)作電(dian)源(yuan)種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)、結構(gou)、啟動(dong)(dong)方(fang)式、用途、運轉速度等(deng)都(dou)可以(yi)劃(hua)分。具體(ti)有哪些種(zhong)類(lei)(lei),本文一起(qi)來(lai)了解。
直流電動機是一種將直流電(dian)能(neng)(neng)轉換為機械(xie)能(neng)(neng)的電動機。
無刷直流電動機、有刷直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)動機(ji)、串勵直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)動機(ji)、并(bing)連直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)機(ji)、他勵直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)機(ji)、復(fu)連直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)機(ji)、永(yong)磁式直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)動機(ji)等(deng)
交流電動機是一種將交流電的電能轉(zhuan)變為機械能的(de)裝置。主要(yao)由(you)定子(zi)和轉(zhuan)子(zi)兩部(bu)分組成。當電(dian)流通過定子(zi)線圈時(shi),它會(hui)產生旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)磁(ci)場,而轉(zhuan)子(zi)中的(de)感應線圈受到這個(ge)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)磁(ci)場的(de)作用,從而發生運動,驅動機械負載轉(zhuan)動。
同步(bu)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、感(gan)應電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)勵磁(ci)同步(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、永磁(ci)同步(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、單相電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、三(san)相電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)
Mai_goo小編了解到直流電機是指能將直(zhi)流電(dian)能轉換(huan)成機械(xie)能(直流電(dian)動機(ji))或(huo)將(jiang)機(ji)械能(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)成(cheng)直流電(dian)能(neng)(直流發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機(ji))的旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)電(dian)機(ji)。當它作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)動機(ji)運(yun)行時(shi)是直流電(dian)動機(ji),能(neng)將(jiang)電(dian)能(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)為機(ji)械能(neng)。作(zuo)(zuo)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機(ji)運(yun)行時(shi)是直流發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機(ji),能(neng)將(jiang)機(ji)械能(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)為電(dian)能(neng)。
異步電動機是由氣隙(xi)旋轉磁場(chang)與轉子繞組(zu)感應電流相(xiang)互作用產生電磁轉矩,從而實現機電能量轉換為機械能量的一種(zhong)交流電機(ji)。異(yi)步(bu)電動機(ji)因其結構簡單、成本低(di)廉、維護方便、運行可靠等優(you)點,在工業和(he)日常生活中得到了廣泛的應用。包括泵(beng)和(he)風(feng)機(ji)、輸送帶和(he)提升機(ji)、壓縮機(ji)、洗衣機(ji)、烘干機(ji)、攪拌機(ji)等等。
同步電動機是由直流供(gong)電(dian)的(de)勵磁磁場與電(dian)樞的(de)旋轉磁場相互(hu)作用而產生轉(zhuan)矩(ju),以同(tong)(tong)步(bu)轉(zhuan)速旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)的(de)交流電(dian)(dian)動機。在穩定工作狀態下,其(qi)軸的(de)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)頻率與(yu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)流的(de)頻率同(tong)(tong)步(bu),自轉(zhuan)周(zhou)期(qi)恰好(hao)等(deng)(deng)于交流電(dian)(dian)周(zhou)期(qi)的(de)整數倍。根據勵磁(ci)方式的(de)不(bu)同(tong)(tong),同(tong)(tong)步(bu)電(dian)(dian)動機可(ke)以分為多種類型,如永磁(ci)同(tong)(tong)步(bu)電(dian)(dian)動機、磁(ci)阻同(tong)(tong)步(bu)電(dian)(dian)動機、磁(ci)滯同(tong)(tong)步(bu)電(dian)(dian)動機。常見于紡織、造(zao)紙、飛機、火箭、風力發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組、軍事裝備等(deng)(deng)中。
電容(rong)起動(dong)(dong)式單相(xiang)異(yi)步電動(dong)(dong)機是在電動(dong)(dong)機啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)時,通過(guo)在定子(zi)繞組(zu)中加入電容(rong)器,使定子(zi)繞組(zu)產生兩組(zu)相(xiang)位不同(tong)的電流,從而產生旋(xuan)轉磁場,使電動(dong)(dong)機順利啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)的一種(zhong)電動(dong)(dong)機。
電容(rong)運轉式(shi)單相異步(bu)電動機(ji)(ji)是一(yi)種(zhong)在定子(zi)(zi)繞組中并(bing)(bing)聯一(yi)個(ge)電容(rong)器的單相異步(bu)電動機(ji)(ji)。其結構主要由(you)(you)定子(zi)(zi)、轉子(zi)(zi)、電容(rong)器等組成(cheng)。定子(zi)(zi)由(you)(you)鐵心(xin)和(he)繞組構成(cheng),轉子(zi)(zi)同(tong)樣由(you)(you)鐵心(xin)和(he)繞組構成(cheng),而電容(rong)器則與定子(zi)(zi)繞組并(bing)(bing)聯,用于調節電流。
分相式單(dan)相異步電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)的(de)(de)工作原理主要依賴于電(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)分相。在(zai)單(dan)相電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)情況下(xia),為了產生旋轉磁場,需(xu)要采取一些特殊措施來實現電(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)分相。分相式單(dan)相異步電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)的(de)(de)結構相對簡單(dan),主要由定子(zi)、轉子(zi)、電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、電(dian)(dian)阻器(qi)等元(yuan)件(jian)組成。
又(you)稱籠鼠式電(dian)動機,鼠籠型電(dian)動機的定子(zi)繞組為三(san)相鑲嵌式分布繞組,而(er)轉子(zi)則(ze)是由鋁條(tiao)(tiao)或(huo)銅(tong)條(tiao)(tiao)與(yu)短路環焊接而(er)成或(huo)鑄造而(er)成的籠式導條(tiao)(tiao)。這種(zhong)導條(tiao)(tiao)的形狀與(yu)鼠籠相似,因此得名鼠籠型電(dian)動機。
籠鼠式電動機(ji)(ji)(ji)是一(yi)種通用型電動機(ji)(ji)(ji),其銅(tong)損(sun)耗低,效率高,能夠節約大量電能。而(er)且籠鼠式電動機(ji)(ji)(ji)的機(ji)(ji)(ji)身結(jie)構簡單堅固,內部由銅(tong)楔子和鐵心片組成,沒(mei)有易損(sun)件,很少需(xu)要(yao)維修或更(geng)換。
繞線(xian)(xian)型異步電(dian)動機的(de)(de)轉子繞組是銅(tong)線(xian)(xian)繞制的(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)圈,這些線(xian)(xian)圈的(de)(de)末(mo)端通過滑(hua)環引(yin)到啟動控制設備上。這種(zhong)結(jie)構使得繞線(xian)(xian)型異步電(dian)動機在啟動和調速方面具有較(jiao)大的(de)(de)靈活(huo)性(xing)。
啟動電流小且可控(kong)、啟動轉矩(ju)大(da)、調速性能好、適應(ying)性強(qiang)。也(ye)存(cun)在一(yi)些缺點。例如,其(qi)結(jie)構相(xiang)對復(fu)雜,制(zhi)造(zao)成本較高(gao);同時,由于需要外(wai)部設(she)備進行控(kong)制(zhi),因此維護和保(bao)養也(ye)相(xiang)對復(fu)雜。
工具用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機,屬于專用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)一種(zhong),特(te)指(zhi)應用(yong)(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)工具中的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)工具用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機是(shi)一種(zhong)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能轉化為機械能的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)置(zhi),它利(li)用(yong)(yong)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)圈在磁場中受力轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)現象(xiang)而制成。這種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)工具的(de)(de)核(he)心部(bu)件,負(fu)責提(ti)供動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力以驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)工具進行各種(zhong)作業。
民(min)用家電(dian)中的(de)電(dian)動(dong)機(ji),是家用電(dian)器中的(de)重要(yao)組(zu)成(cheng)部分(fen),為家電(dian)提供(gong)必要(yao)的(de)動(dong)力(li)。包(bao)括洗(xi)衣機(ji)、空調、洗(xi)碗機(ji)、吸塵器、冰箱、電(dian)風扇(shan)、電(dian)烤箱、電(dian)動(dong)工(gong)具等。
16號(hao)機座及以上(shang),或(huo)機座中心(xin)高大于630mm,或(huo)者(zhe)定子鐵心(xin)外徑大于990mm的,屬(shu)于大型電動(dong)機。
1~15號(hao)機座,或(huo)機座中心高在(zai)355mm~630mm,或(huo)者定子(zi)鐵心外(wai)徑在(zai)560~990mm之(zhi)間的,的屬于中型電(dian)動機。
10號及以下機座,機座中心(xin)高在80mm~315mm,或者定(ding)子鐵心(xin)外徑在125~560mm之間(jian)的(de),屬(shu)于小型(xing)電動機。