舞龍的種類有多少種
1、舞龍頭
舞龍頭是福(fu)建舍族祭祖(zu)(zu)活動中的一種儀式,由日、月(yue)、星等(deng)組成儀仗隊。龍頭用木雕成,涂(tu)上(shang)色(se)彩(cai),顯得古樸、莊嚴。祭祖(zu)(zu)時(shi),執龍頭者隨著鼓點作出各(ge)種動作,或進或退,或舞或止,或跳或蹲,有一定章(zhang)法。
2、舞麻龍
舞麻龍流傳在四川濟州龍溪一帶羌族人民之中,是祭祖中的一項體育活動。近年來羌族人(ren)民對舞麻龍這項活(huo)動(dong)加以改進,剔去(qu)糟粕,取其(qi)精華,保留了(le)耍花(hua)棒、龍鳳(feng)相會、神(shen)棍戲麻龍、跳(tiao)神(shen)棍、麻龍追彩霞等套路動(dong)作。
3、舞草龍
舞草(cao)龍(long)是他佬族游藝習俗(su)。草(cao)龍(long)用禾(he)稈草(cao)編(bian)成。編(bian)織者先(xian)編(bian)一條長(chang)長(chang)的(de)草(cao)簾,編(bian)到最后分(fen)三個(ge)叉略往(wang)上翹起,象征(zheng)“龍(long)尾”;把草(cao)簾的(de)另(ling)一頭(tou)反折一層做(zuo)(zuo)兩個(ge)彎角翹起,形似“龍(long)頭(tou)”;中間每隔約(yue)2m扎一小捆橢圓形禾(he)草(cao),串上一根竹子做(zuo)(zuo)“龍(long)身”。
4、蘇莊舞草龍
浙江省(sheng)衢(qu)州市開化縣(xian)蘇莊(zhuang)鎮(zhen)的舞草龍(long)(long)又(you)稱草龍(long)(long)、稻草龍(long)(long)或香龍(long)(long)。草龍(long)(long)捆扎(zha)以稻草搓成粗大(da)繩(sheng)索(suo),再扎(zha)成龍(long)(long)首龍(long)(long)尾,形同長龍(long)(long),繩(sheng)索(suo)上插上點(dian)燃的香枝。相(xiang)傳唐代便有迎草龍(long)(long)送龍(long)(long)神(shen)活動,一直延(yan)傳至今。每年中(zhong)秋(qiu)之(zhi)夜,蘇莊(zhuang)鎮(zhen)各(ge)村農民高擎(qing)香火草龍(long)(long),或穿(chuan)梭于(yu)村中(zhong)大(da)道,或起(qi)舞于(yu)曬(shai)場田野。
5、潑水龍
潑(po)(po)水(shui)龍是湖南湘(xiang)西土家(jia)族祭神求(qiu)雨的儀式,一旦(dan)出(chu)現旱災,當地頭(tou)面人(ren)(ren)物(wu)就會出(chu)來組織潑(po)(po)水(shui)龍,演(yan)出(chu)極其隆重。表(biao)演(yan)時有(you)龍頭(tou)1個,龍身9或11節,都不糊紙,不披布,只通插柳條,取“愿得柳枝甘(gan)露水(shui)”之(zhi)意,并有(you)魚、蝦(xia)、蚌、蛤等執事陪襯。表(biao)演(yan)時赤(chi)膊者(zhe)沿街舞(wu)(wu)龍,圍觀(guan)者(zhe)以水(shui)潑(po)(po)之(zhi),舞(wu)(wu)龍人(ren)(ren)被淋(lin)得全身濕透,以此祈求(qiu)天降大(da)(da)雨,水(shui)越(yue)多(duo)則預示雨越(yue)大(da)(da),故(gu)周圍村寨人(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)參加(jia)。舞(wu)(wu)龍和(he)執事者(zhe)無特(te)殊要求(qiu),但龍前執龍珠者(zhe)須(xu)有(you)武(wu)功,按“四(si)門架子”、“八虎(hu)拳”、“蘇公背箭”、“猛(meng)虎(hu)跳(tiao)澗”等套路表(biao)演(yan),相沿成習(xi)。
6、香火龍
香火龍(long)流傳已久,在湖(hu)南汝城縣志早(zao)有(you)記載(zai),其南鄉(xiang)一(yi)(yi)帶較為盛行(xing),多在元宵佳(jia)節舉行(xing)。表演香火龍(long)時,必有(you)兩龍(long)(母龍(long)和子龍(long))、兩獅(shi)(母獅(shi)和子獅(shi))陪隨而(er)舞,一(yi)(yi)獅(shi)在龍(long)前引路,一(yi)(yi)獅(shi)在龍(long)尾(wei)跟隨。
香火(huo)龍(long)的(de)表演程(cheng)序上(shang)有(you):翻滾、噴(pen)水、沉海底、跳(tiao)躍、吞食(shi)、睡眠等(deng)動作(zuo)。“沉海底”和“吞食(shi)”表演技巧上(shang)難度較高。引路(lu)和尾隨的(de)兩頭(tou)獅子,除各自(zi)作(zuo)翻滾跳(tiao)躍的(de)動作(zuo)外,還作(zuo)些引龍(long)和隨龍(long)“護駕”動作(zuo)。
7、百葉龍
浙江省流行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“百(bai)葉(xie)龍(long)(long)”,是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種構思(si)、制(zhi)作(zuo)均極奇巧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)。舞(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)手執荷(he)(he)花(hua)(hua)(hua)燈(deng)、荷(he)(he)葉(xie)燈(deng)、蝴(hu)蝶(die)燈(deng),翩翩起(qi)舞(wu)。人(ren)們只見朵朵盛(sheng)開的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)荷(he)(he)花(hua)(hua)(hua),在(zai)片(pian)(pian)片(pian)(pian)荷(he)(he)葉(xie)中(zhong)飄移、舞(wu)動,似一(yi)(yi)只美(mei)(mei)麗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蝴(hu)蝶(die)在(zai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)叢中(zhong)飛(fei)翔。一(yi)(yi)段優美(mei)(mei)抒情的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)舞(wu)蹈后,舞(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)齊聚(ju)場(chang)中(zhong),突然間,一(yi)(yi)條巨龍(long)(long)在(zai)人(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)眼(yan)前騰躍而(er)(er)出。原來那一(yi)(yi)朵特(te)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)茶花(hua)(hua)(hua)燈(deng)(或聚(ju)寶盆),背面繪制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個輝煌壯麗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)頭,朵朵荷(he)(he)花(hua)(hua)(hua)緊(jin)緊(jin)相扣連,組成龍(long)(long)身(shen),片(pian)(pian)片(pian)(pian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣(ban),變成龍(long)(long)身(shen)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)片(pian)(pian)片(pian)(pian)鱗甲(jia),美(mei)(mei)麗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蝴(hu)蝶(die)成了抖擺(bai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)尾(wei),而(er)(er)荷(he)(he)葉(xie)則成了朵朵白(bai)云。舞(wu)龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)姑娘們喜歡(huan)一(yi)(yi)塵不染(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)荷(he)(he)花(hua)(hua)(hua),就把天性神(shen)(shen)秘(mi)、時(shi)而(er)(er)神(shen)(shen)形畢露。時(shi)而(er)(er)隱身(shen)藏形、時(shi)而(er)(er)又依附(fu)在(zai)各種物(wu)體(ti)上招(zhao)搖過市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)與荷(he)(he)花(hua)(hua)(hua)聯(lian)綴(zhui)一(yi)(yi)體(ti),舞(wu)起(qi)了荷(he)(he)花(hua)(hua)(hua)龍(long)(long),讓氣吞萬里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)(shen)龍(long)(long)平添一(yi)(yi)股(gu)嫵(wu)媚(mei)之氣。
8、燒火龍
燒火(huo)龍(long)又叫舞火(huo)龍(long),是流傳于(yu)廣東(dong)豐順一帶的獨特的民間(jian)傳統項目,一般(ban)在春節(jie)和元宵夜舉行。
燒火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)“火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)龍(long)(long)”,是(shi)用紙扎成(cheng)的(de)(de),長15~20米,分(fen)為五(wu)節,四周扎滿五(wu)顏六色的(de)(de)鞭(bian)炮(pao)。起舞(wu)(wu)前,先燃響鞭(bian)炮(pao),以(yi)引龍(long)(long)出海。然后一隊赤膊(bo)袒胸、舉著火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)棍的(de)(de)舞(wu)(wu)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)龍(long)(long)者,隨著快速的(de)(de)鑼鼓聲在(zai)場上(shang)快跑,反復三(san)次(ci),名叫“請龍(long)(long)”。接(jie)著,“火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)龍(long)(long)”出場了(le),它在(zai)場上(shang)繞著大(da)圈子,先從(cong)龍(long)(long)嘴中(zhong)噴出火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)來,然后,龍(long)(long)身(shen)上(shang)扎著的(de)(de)鞭(bian)炮(pao)被點燃了(le),從(cong)頭至(zhi)尾,火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)光四射,霹靂(li)連聲。巨大(da)的(de)(de)龍(long)(long)身(shen)就在(zai)煙(yan)(yan)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)和爆響的(de)(de)包圍之中(zhong),上(shang)下(xia)翻飛,左(zuo)右騰舞(wu)(wu),煞(sha)是(shi)好看(kan)。此(ci)時,預(yu)先準備在(zai)場上(shang)的(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)花架,朝(chao)天射出串串煙(yan)(yan)花,五(wu)彩繽(bin)紛,摧級奪(duo)目(mu),從(cong)而把舞(wu)(wu)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)龍(long)(long)推向高潮(chao)。整(zheng)個活動持(chi)續十多分(fen)鐘,待煙(yan)(yan)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)熄滅,火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)龍(long)(long)也被燒掉了(le)。而舞(wu)(wu)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)龍(long)(long)者的(de)(de)胳膊(bo)上(shang)、胸脯上(shang)灼起一個個血(xue)泡,以(yi)血(xue)泡最多者為“吉(ji)利”。
舞龍的風格有哪些
1、南龍
南龍(long)(long)龍(long)(long)身厚重,風格(ge)主攻氣勢二字,雖(sui)不夠靈(ling)活,但氣勢浩大,以楊店高龍(long)(long)、黃陂舞龍(long)(long)為代(dai)表。
2、北龍
北龍(long)較為細小和輕巧,更適于做各種(zhong)花款動作,如今在東南(nan)亞等地流(liu)行(xing)的,也是北龍(long)。
舞龍是哪里的非遺
舞龍是甘肅省酒泉(quan)市(shi)肅州區傳統(tong)舞蹈(dao),甘肅省市(shi)(州)級非物質文(wen)化遺產之一。保護(hu)單位為酒泉(quan)市(shi)肅州區文(wen)化館。
龍(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu),也稱“舞(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)”,民(min)間(jian)又叫(jiao)“耍龍(long)(long)(long)(long)”“耍龍(long)(long)(long)(long)燈(deng)”或(huo)“舞(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)燈(deng)”,在(zai)(zai)全國多地分布,形式品(pin)種多樣(yang)。早在(zai)(zai)商代的甲(jia)骨文(wen)中(zhong),已出現以(yi)數人集(ji)體祭龍(long)(long)(long)(long)求(qiu)雨(yu)的文(wen)字;漢代董仲(zhong)舒《春(chun)秋繁(fan)露》的記錄中(zhong)已有(you)明確的有(you)關舞(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)求(qiu)雨(yu)的記載(zai);此后歷朝(chao)歷代的詩文(wen)中(zhong)記錄宮廷或(huo)民(min)間(jian)舞(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)的文(wen)字屢(lv)見不鮮。直至現在(zai)(zai),龍(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)仍是(shi)民(min)間(jian)喜(xi)慶(qing)節令場合普遍存在(zai)(zai)的舞(wu)蹈(dao)形式之一。舞(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)是(shi)國家級非(fei)遺代表性項目,很多地方都(dou)有(you)。