一、電子變壓器的工作原理

電(dian)(dian)(dian)子變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)工作(zuo)原(yuan)理基于電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)感應定律(lv)和能量(liang)守恒(heng)定律(lv)。當輸入端(duan)施加交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時，初級繞(rao)組中產生(sheng)交變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，這個電(dian)(dian)(dian)流在(zai)鐵芯(xin)中產生(sheng)交變(bian)(bian)(bian)磁(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)。由(you)于原(yuan)、副(fu)繞(rao)組在(zai)同(tong)一個鐵芯(xin)上，所以(yi)當磁(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)穿過副(fu)繞(rao)組時，便在(zai)副(fu)邊產生(sheng)感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢，即變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。這個感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢的(de)大小與磁(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)量(liang)的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)率(lv)成(cheng)正(zheng)比，而磁(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)量(liang)的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)率(lv)又與輸入輸出(chu)端(duan)的(de)匝數比成(cheng)正(zheng)比。因此(ci)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)過改變(bian)(bian)(bian)輸入輸出(chu)端(duan)的(de)匝數比，可以(yi)實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)換。

二、電子變壓器怎么測量好壞

1、觀察外觀

首先(xian)檢查電(dian)子變壓(ya)器的(de)外觀(guan)，觀(guan)看是否有明顯的(de)裂紋(wen)、變形(xing)、銹跡、漏油(you)等情況。如果發現外觀(guan)存在以上問(wen)題，則說(shuo)明電(dian)子變壓(ya)器很可能已經損(sun)壞。

2、測量電壓

使用萬(wan)用表或數字萬(wan)用表來測(ce)量輸出(chu)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)大小(xiao)。正(zheng)確(que)的(de)輸出(chu)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)應該是標(biao)稱電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)正(zheng)負(fu)(fu)5%以內(nei)，對(dui)于大功(gong)率(lv)的(de)電子變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器，則容(rong)許正(zheng)負(fu)(fu)10%的(de)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)誤差。如(ru)果輸出(chu)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)與標(biao)稱電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)相差較大，則說(shuo)明電子變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器可能損壞(huai)。

3、測量電阻

使用萬用表(biao)或數字萬用表(biao)測量二次(ci)線圈(quan)、出線等的電阻值，測量結(jie)果應該與規(gui)格書中的數據相符。如果測量值超過規(gui)格書中的允許(xu)差別，說(shuo)明電子變(bian)壓器可能存在故障。

4、查看短路

將電(dian)(dian)子變壓器(qi)的輸(shu)入和輸(shu)出兩端進行短路，通常(chang)應該(gai)能(neng)聽(ting)到一聲明顯(xian)的“卡嗒(da)”響聲。如果沒有聲音，說明可能(neng)存在(zai)短路問題，導致電(dian)(dian)子變壓器(qi)損壞(huai)。

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