1、恒定電(dian)(dian)流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)法

在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)始終保持(chi)不(bu)變(bian)(bian)，叫做恒(heng)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，簡(jian)稱(cheng)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)或等流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)由于蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)逐(zhu)漸(jian)升高(gao)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)逐(zhu)漸(jian)下降(jiang)，為保持(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不(bu)致因蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)升高(gao)而減小，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)(cheng)必須(xu)逐(zhu)漸(jian)升高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，以維持(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)始終不(bu)變(bian)(bian)，這(zhe)對于充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備的(de)(de)自(zi)動化程(cheng)(cheng)度要求較高(gao)，一般簡(jian)陋的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備是不(bu)能(neng)滿足(zu)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要求的(de)(de)。恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，在(zai)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)最(zui)大(da)答應的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)情況下，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)越大(da)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間就可以縮短。若從時間上(shang)考慮，采用此法(fa)(fa)(fa)有利的(de)(de)。但在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期若充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)仍不(bu)變(bian)(bian)，這(zhe)時由于大(da)部分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)用于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解水上(shang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液出氣泡過多(duo)而顯(xian)沸騰(teng)狀，這(zhe)不(bu)僅消耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，而且輕(qing)易使(shi)極板上(shang)活(huo)性物質大(da)量脫落，溫升過高(gao)，造成極板彎曲，容量迅速下降(jiang)而提前報(bao)廢。所以，這(zhe)種充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)很少采用。

2、恒定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)充電(dian)法

在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)始(shi)(shi)終保持不(bu)變(bian)，叫做恒(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法，簡(jian)稱恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法或(huo)等(deng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法。由于(yu)恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始(shi)(shi)至后期(qi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)始(shi)(shi)終保持一定，所(suo)以在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始(shi)(shi)時充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)相當大(da)(da)，大(da)(da)大(da)(da)超(chao)過(guo)正常充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)值。但隨著(zhu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)進行，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)逐漸升高，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)逐漸減小。當蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)相等(deng)時，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)減至最(zui)小甚(shen)至為(wei)零。由此(ci)可(ke)(ke)見，采(cai)(cai)用恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法的(de)(de)(de)優(you)點在(zai)(zai)于(yu)，可(ke)(ke)以避免(mian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)大(da)(da)而(er)造(zao)成極板(ban)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)物質脫落(luo)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)(de)損失。但其缺點是，在(zai)(zai)剛(gang)開始(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)大(da)(da)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極活(huo)(huo)性(xing)物質體(ti)積變(bian)化收縮太快，影(ying)響活(huo)(huo)性(xing)物質的(de)(de)(de)機械強度，致使(shi)其脫落(luo)。而(er)在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)又(you)過(guo)小，使(shi)極板(ban)深(shen)處的(de)(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)物質得不(bu)到充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)反應(ying)，形成長期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)足，影(ying)響蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用壽命。所(suo)以這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法一般只(zhi)適用于(yu)無配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)或(huo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)較簡(jian)陋(lou)的(de)(de)(de)特殊場合，如汽車上(shang)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，1號至5號干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池式的(de)(de)(de)小蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)均采(cai)(cai)用等(deng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法。采(cai)(cai)用等(deng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法給蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，所(suo)需電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)：酸性(xing)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池每(mei)個單(dan)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池為(wei)2.4～2.8V左右，堿性(xing)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池每(mei)個單(dan)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池為(wei)1.6～2.0V左右。

3、有固定電(dian)阻的恒定電(dian)壓充電(dian)

為(wei)補救(jiu)恒定(ding)電壓充電的(de)缺點而采用的(de)一種方法。即在充電電源與電池之間串聯一電阻(zu)，這樣充電初期(qi)的(de)電流(liu)可以調整(zheng)。但有時最大充電電流(liu)受到限(xian)制(zhi)，因(yin)此隨充電過程的(de)進行，蓄電池電壓逐(zhu)漸上升，電流(liu)卻幾乎(hu)成為(wei)直(zhi)線衰減。有時使用兩個(ge)電阻(zu)值，約(yue)在2.4V時，從低電阻(zu)轉換到高電阻(zu)，以減少出氣。

4、階段等流充(chong)電法

綜合恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)和恒(heng)壓充電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)初期用(yong)較大的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，經過(guo)一(yi)(yi)段(duan)(duan)時間(jian)改(gai)用(yong)較小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，至充電(dian)(dian)(dian)后期改(gai)用(yong)更小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，即不同階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)內(nei)以不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)進行恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)，叫做(zuo)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，一(yi)(yi)般可分為(wei)(wei)兩個階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)進行，也(ye)可分為(wei)(wei)多個階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)進行。

階段等流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)所需(xu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)短，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效果也好。由于(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期改(gai)用(yong)較小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這(zhe)樣(yang)減(jian)(jian)少了氣泡對極板活(huo)性物(wu)質的沖洗，減(jian)(jian)少了活(huo)性物(wu)質的脫落。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)能延長蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用(yong)壽命，并節(jie)省電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)又(you)徹(che)底，所以(yi)是(shi)當前常用(yong)的一種(zhong)(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)。一般蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)第(di)一階段以(yi)10h率電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)進行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，第(di)二(er)階段以(yi)20h率電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)進行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。各(ge)階段充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)的是(shi)非(fei)，各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的具體要求和標準不一樣(yang)。