純(chun)銅

純(chun)銅：中國(guo)俗稱‘紫銅’，日本與臺灣俗稱‘紅銅’。

紅銅即純銅，又名(ming)紫(zi)銅，純銅密度為8.96，熔點(dian)為1083℃。具(ju)有很好的(de)導電(dian)性(xing)(xing)和導熱(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)，塑性(xing)(xing)極好，易于熱(re)(re)壓(ya)和冷壓(ya)力加(jia)工，大量(liang)用(yong)于制造電(dian)線、電(dian)纜、電(dian)刷、電(dian)火花(hua)專(zhuan)用(yong)電(dian)蝕銅等要求導電(dian)性(xing)(xing)良好的(de)產品。

因呈紫(zi)紅色而得名。它不一定是純(chun)銅，有時(shi)還加入少量脫(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)元素(su)或其他元素(su)，以改善材(cai)質和性能，因此(ci)也歸入銅合(he)金。中國紫(zi)銅加工材(cai)按成(cheng)分可分為：普通紫(zi)銅(T1、T2、T3、T4)、無氧(yang)銅（TU1、TU2和高純(chun)、真空無氧(yang)銅）、脫(tuo)(tuo)氧(yang)銅（TUP、TUMn）、添加少量合(he)金元素(su)的特種銅（砷銅、碲銅、銀銅）四(si)類。

黃銅

黃銅：銅鋅合金。

以鋅(xin)(xin)作(zuo)主要添加元素的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)金，具(ju)(ju)有(you)美(mei)觀的(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)色，統稱(cheng)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鋅(xin)(xin)二(er)元合(he)金稱(cheng)普通黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)或(huo)稱(cheng)簡(jian)單黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)。三(san)元以上的(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)稱(cheng)特殊(shu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)或(huo)稱(cheng)復雜黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)。含鋅(xin)(xin)低於36％的(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)金由固(gu)溶體組成，具(ju)(ju)有(you)良(liang)好的(de)(de)冷加工性能，如含鋅(xin)(xin)30％的(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)常用(yong)來制作(zuo)彈(dan)殼，俗稱(cheng)彈(dan)殼黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)或(huo)七三(san)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)。含鋅(xin)(xin)在36～42％之間的(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)金由和(he)固(gu)溶體組成，其(qi)中最常用(yong)的(de)(de)是含鋅(xin)(xin)40％的(de)(de)六四黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)。

白銅

白銅(tong)：銅(tong)、鈷、鎳合(he)金。

以鎳為(wei)主要添(tian)加(jia)(jia)元素的(de)銅(tong)(tong)合金(jin)。銅(tong)(tong)鎳二(er)元合金(jin)稱普(pu)通白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)；加(jia)(jia)有(you)錳(meng)、鐵(tie)、鋅、鋁等(deng)元素的(de)白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)合金(jin)稱復雜白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)。工(gong)(gong)業(ye)用白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)分為(wei)結構(gou)白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)和(he)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)兩大類。結構(gou)白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)的(de)特點是(shi)(shi)機(ji)械性能(neng)和(he)耐蝕性好，色澤美觀。這種白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)廣泛用於(wu)制造精密(mi)機(ji)械、化工(gong)(gong)機(ji)械和(he)船舶構(gou)件。電(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)一般(ban)有(you)良好的(de)熱電(dian)(dian)性能(neng)。錳(meng)銅(tong)(tong)、康銅(tong)(tong)、考銅(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)含錳(meng)量不同的(de)錳(meng)白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)，是(shi)(shi)制造精密(mi)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)儀器、變(bian)(bian)阻(zu)器、精密(mi)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、應變(bian)(bian)片、熱電(dian)(dian)偶等(deng)用的(de)材料。

青銅

青銅：銅錫合金

原指銅(tong)(tong)錫合(he)金(jin)，后除黃銅(tong)(tong)、白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)以外的(de)銅(tong)(tong)合(he)金(jin)均(jun)稱青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)，并(bing)常(chang)在青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)名字(zi)前(qian)冠以第一主要添加元(yuan)素的(de)名。錫青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)的(de)鑄(zhu)造(zao)(zao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能、減摩性(xing)(xing)(xing)能好和機(ji)械性(xing)(xing)(xing)能好，適合(he)於(wu)制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)軸承(cheng)、蝸輪、齒輪等(deng)。鉛青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)是現代發動機(ji)和磨床廣泛使用(yong)(yong)的(de)軸承(cheng)材料。鋁青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)強度高(gao)(gao)，耐(nai)磨性(xing)(xing)(xing)和耐(nai)蝕性(xing)(xing)(xing)好，用(yong)(yong)於(wu)鑄(zhu)造(zao)(zao)高(gao)(gao)載荷(he)的(de)齒輪、軸套、船(chuan)用(yong)(yong)螺旋槳等(deng)。鈹青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)和磷青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)的(de)彈性(xing)(xing)(xing)極限高(gao)(gao)，導電(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)好，適於(wu)制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)精(jing)密彈簧(huang)和電(dian)(dian)接觸元(yuan)件，鈹青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)還(huan)用(yong)(yong)來制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)煤礦(kuang)、油庫等(deng)使用(yong)(yong)的(de)無(wu)火花工(gong)具。