一、陰極銅是什么意思

金屬銅(tong)元素符號Cu，原子量63.55，比重(zhong)8.96，熔點(dian)1083.4士(shi)0.2°℃，沸點(dian)2567°℃。銅(tong)呈淺(qian)玫瑰(gui)色或淡紅色，表面形成(cheng)氧化(hua)銅(tong)膜后，外觀呈紫(zi)銅(tong)色，是人(ren)類最早發現的古老金屬之—。

陰極銅（copper cathode）是指銅(tong)精礦由電解精煉(lian)法(fa)(fa)或(huo)(huo)電解沉積法(fa)(fa)生產得到(dao)的高純度(du)的銅(tong)，也稱精煉(lian)銅(tong)或(huo)(huo)精銅(tong)（refinedcopper）。國(guo)標GB/T 467-2010、歐(ou)標BS EN 1978-1998和美標ASTM B115均是陰極銅(tong)的行業(ye)標準規范。

由于(yu)陰(yin)極銅(tong)(tong)(tong)具有(you)較(jiao)優良的導電性、導熱性、延(yan)展性、耐腐蝕性、耐磨性等特點，因此(ci)陰(yin)極銅(tong)(tong)(tong)被(bei)下(xia)游加工(gong)成銅(tong)(tong)(tong)線(xian)、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)棒、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)板帶、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)箔(bo)、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)管以及各類合金產品，被(bei)廣泛(fan)應用于(yu)電力、電子、交通(tong)設備、機械制造(zao)、建(jian)筑工(gong)業、國防工(gong)業、醫學、有(you)機化學等行業，在我國有(you)色金屬材料的消(xiao)費中僅次(ci)于(yu)鋁。

二、陰極銅和電解銅的區別

電(dian)解銅(tong)和陰極(ji)銅(tong)沒有區別。

陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)通常(chang)指電(dian)(dian)解銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，就是指將粗銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（含銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)99%）預先(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)成厚板(ban)(ban)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)陽極(ji)(ji)，純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)制(zhi)(zhi)成薄片作(zuo)(zuo)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)，以硫酸和硫酸銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的混合液作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)解液。通電(dian)(dian)后，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)從陽極(ji)(ji)溶解成銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)離(li)(li)子(zi)（Cu）向(xiang)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)移動(dong)，到達陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)后獲得電(dian)(dian)子(zi)而在(zai)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)析(xi)出(chu)純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（亦稱(cheng)電(dian)(dian)解銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)）。粗銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中雜質如(ru)比(bi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)活(huo)潑的鐵和鋅(xin)等會(hui)隨銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一起(qi)溶解為(wei)離(li)(li)子(zi)（Zn和Fe）。由于這些離(li)(li)子(zi)與銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)離(li)(li)子(zi)相(xiang)比(bi)不易析(xi)出(chu)，所以電(dian)(dian)解時只要適當調(diao)節電(dian)(dian)位差即可(ke)(ke)避免這些離(li)(li)子(zi)在(zai)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)上(shang)析(xi)出(chu)。比(bi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)不活(huo)潑的雜質如(ru)金和銀等沉積在(zai)電(dian)(dian)解槽(cao)的底部(bu)。這樣生產(chan)出(chu)來(lai)的銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)板(ban)(ban)，稱(cheng)為(wei)“電(dian)(dian)解銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”，質量極(ji)(ji)高，可(ke)(ke)以用來(lai)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)氣產(chan)品。

陰(yin)極銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)品質要(yao)求(qiu)：銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)精礦(kuang)由電(dian)解(jie)精煉法(fa)或電(dian)解(jie)沉(chen)積法(fa)生產得到(dao)陰(yin)極銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。按(an)國標GB/T467－1997《陰(yin)極銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)》的(de)規定，陰(yin)極銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)按(an)化學成分分為高(gao)純(chun)陰(yin)極銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（Cu－CATH－1）和標準陰(yin)極銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（Cu－CATH－2）和兩(liang)個牌號。

陰極銅的(de)(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)方法(fa)：高純(chun)陰(yin)極銅化(hua)學成分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)仲(zhong)裁分(fen)析方法(fa)按GB/T13293－1991《高純(chun)陽極銅化(hua)學分(fen)析方法(fa)》的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定進(jin)行，標準陰(yin)極銅化(hua)學成分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)仲(zhong)裁分(fen)析方法(fa)按GB/T5121-1996《銅及銅合金化(hua)學分(fen)析方法(fa)》的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定進(jin)行。表面質(zhi)量用目(mu)視檢(jian)測。