1、充電樁充電原理

充電樁固定在地面，利用專用充電接口，采用傳導方式，為具有車載充電機的電動汽車提供交流電能，具有相應的通訊、計費和安全防護功能。市民只需要購買IC卡并充(chong)值，就(jiu)可以使(shi)用充(chong)電樁為汽車充(chong)電了。

電動汽車蓄電(dian)池(chi)放電(dian)后，用(yong)直流電(dian)按與放電(dian)電(dian)流相反的方向通過(guo)蓄電(dian)池(chi)，使它恢復(fu)工作(zuo)能(neng)力，這個(ge)過(guo)程稱為(wei)蓄電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)。蓄電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時，電(dian)池(chi)正(zheng)極與電(dian)源(yuan)正(zheng)極相聯(lian)，電(dian)池(chi)負極與電(dian)源(yuan)負極相聯(lian)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)壓必(bi)須高于電(dian)池(chi)的總電(dian)動(dong)勢。

2、充電樁充電方式

充電(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)有(you)恒(heng)電(dian)(dian)流充電(dian)(dian)和恒(heng)電(dian)(dian)壓充電(dian)(dian)兩種。

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恒流充電法

恒流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)用調整充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓或改變(bian)與蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)串(chuan)聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻的(de)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)，保持充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)強度不(bu)變(bian)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)。控(kong)制方法(fa)(fa)(fa)簡單，但由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)可接受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)能(neng)力是(shi)隨著充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程的(de)進行而(er)逐漸下降的(de)，到(dao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)多用于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解水，產生氣體，使出(chu)氣過甚，因此(ci)，常選用階段充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。

恒壓充電法

充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)在(zai)全(quan)部充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間里保持恒定的(de)數值，隨著蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)逐(zhu)漸升高，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)逐(zhu)漸減少(shao)。與(yu)恒流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法相比(bi)，其充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程更接近于最佳(jia)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線。用恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)快速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，由(you)于充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初期蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢較低(di)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)很(hen)大(da)，隨著充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)進行(xing)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)將逐(zhu)漸減少(shao)，因(yin)此(ci)，只需簡(jian)易(yi)控制系統。

3、直流充電樁和交流充電樁的區別

直流充電樁：直流電動汽車充電站，俗稱就是“快充”，它是固定安裝在電動汽車外，與交流電網連接，可以為非車載電動汽車動力電池提供直流電源的供電裝置。直流充電樁的輸入電壓采用三相四線AC380V±15%，頻率(lv)50Hz,輸出(chu)為可(ke)調直流電(dian)(dian)，直接為電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車的(de)動力電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。由于直流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)采用(yong)三相四線(xian)制供(gong)電(dian)(dian)，可(ke)以提(ti)供(gong)足夠的(de)功率，輸出(chu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓和電(dian)(dian)流調整范(fan)圍大，可(ke)以實現快充(chong)的(de)要求。

交流充電樁：交流電動(dong)汽(qi)車充電樁(zhuang)，俗(su)稱就是(shi)“慢充”，固定安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在電動(dong)汽(qi)車外(wai)、與交流電網(wang)連接(jie)，為(wei)電動(dong)汽(qi)車車載(zai)充電機（即固定安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在電動(dong)汽(qi)車上的充電機）提供(gong)交流電源的供(gong)電裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)。交流充電樁(zhuang)只提供(gong)電力輸出，沒(mei)有充電功能，需連接(jie)車載(zai)充電機為(wei)電動(dong)汽(qi)車充電。相(xiang)當于只是(shi)起(qi)了一個控(kong)制電源的作用的。

兩者的區別：簡單來說，交流充電樁需要借助車載充電機來充電，直流快速充電樁不需要這個設備。二者在充電速度上差別較大，一輛純電動汽車（普通電池容量）完全放電后通過交流充電樁充滿需要8個小時，而通過(guo)直流(liu)快速充電(dian)樁僅需要(yao)2到3個小(xiao)時。交流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁給電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)(che)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)機提(ti)供電(dian)力(li)輸(shu)入，由于車(che)(che)(che)載(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)機的(de)功(gong)率并不(bu)大，所以不(bu)能實現(xian)快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)。直流(liu)快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁是固(gu)定安裝(zhuang)在電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)(che)外、與交流(liu)電(dian)網連接，可(ke)以為(wei)非(fei)車(che)(che)(che)載(zai)電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)(che)的(de)動(dong)力(li)電(dian)池提(ti)供直流(liu)電(dian)源的(de)供電(dian)裝(zhuang)置，直流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁可(ke)以提(ti)供足夠的(de)功(gong)率，輸(shu)出的(de)電(dian)壓和電(dian)流(liu)調整范圍大，可(ke)以實現(xian)快充(chong)(chong)的(de)要求。