1、充電樁充電原理

充電樁固定在地面，利用專用充電接口，采用傳導方式，為具有車載充電機的電動汽車提供交流電能，具有相應的通訊、計費和安全防護功能。市民只需要購買IC卡(ka)并充(chong)值，就可以使用充(chong)電樁為汽車充(chong)電了。

電動汽車蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，用(yong)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)按與放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)相反的(de)方向通(tong)過蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，使它恢復工作能力，這個過程稱(cheng)為蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)相聯，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池負極(ji)(ji)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源負極(ji)(ji)相聯，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓必須(xu)高于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢。

2、充電樁充電方式

充(chong)電(dian)方式(shi)有恒電(dian)流充(chong)電(dian)和恒電(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)電(dian)兩種(zhong)。

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恒流充電法

恒流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法是用(yong)調(diao)整充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓或改變(bian)與蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池串聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻的(de)方法，保持充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流強度不(bu)變(bian)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方法。控制方法簡單，但由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)可接受(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流能力是隨著充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程的(de)進行而逐漸(jian)下降的(de)，到充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)期，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流多用(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)水，產生氣(qi)體，使出(chu)(chu)氣(qi)過(guo)甚(shen)，因此，常(chang)選用(yong)階(jie)段充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法。

恒壓充電法

充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓在全部(bu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間里保持恒(heng)定(ding)的數值，隨著蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池端電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的逐漸升(sheng)高，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)逐漸減少。與(yu)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法相比，其充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程更接近(jin)于最佳充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線。用(yong)恒(heng)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，由于充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)初期(qi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢較低(di)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)很大，隨著充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的進行，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)將(jiang)逐漸減少，因此，只需簡易控制系統。

3、直流充電樁和交流充電樁的區別

直流充電樁：直流電動汽車充電站，俗稱就是“快充”，它是固定安裝在電動汽車外，與交流電網連接，可以為非車載電動汽車動力電池提供直流電源的供電裝置。直流充電樁的輸入電壓采用三相四線AC380V±15%，頻率50Hz,輸出為(wei)可(ke)調(diao)(diao)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)，直接為(wei)電(dian)(dian)動汽車的動力電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)。由于(yu)直流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)樁采用三相四(si)線制供(gong)電(dian)(dian)，可(ke)以提供(gong)足夠的功率，輸出的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和電(dian)(dian)流(liu)調(diao)(diao)整范圍大，可(ke)以實(shi)現快充的要求(qiu)。

交流充電樁：交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁，俗稱就是(shi)“慢(man)充(chong)(chong)”，固定安(an)裝(zhuang)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)外、與交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)網連(lian)接，為電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)車(che)載充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機（即(ji)固定安(an)裝(zhuang)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)上的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機）提供(gong)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置。交(jiao)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁只提供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)輸出，沒有充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功能，需連(lian)接車(che)載充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機為電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。相當于只是(shi)起了一(yi)個控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)的(de)。

兩者的區別：簡單來說，交流充電樁需要借助車載充電機來充電，直流快速充電樁不需要這個設備。二者在充電速度上差別較大，一輛純電動汽車（普通電池容量）完全放電后通過交流充電樁充滿需要8個小時(shi)，而通過直流快速充電樁僅需要(yao)2到3個小時(shi)。交流(liu)充電(dian)樁給電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)機提供電(dian)力(li)輸入，由于車(che)(che)載充電(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)并不大，所以不能實(shi)現(xian)快速充電(dian)。直流(liu)快速充電(dian)樁是固(gu)定安裝在(zai)電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)外(wai)、與交流(liu)電(dian)網連接，可以為非(fei)車(che)(che)載電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)力(li)電(dian)池提供直流(liu)電(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)供電(dian)裝置，直流(liu)充電(dian)樁可以提供足(zu)夠的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)，輸出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓和(he)電(dian)流(liu)調整范圍大，可以實(shi)現(xian)快充的(de)(de)(de)要求。