一、橄欖球比賽規則介紹
橄(gan)欖(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)運動是(shi)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)類運動項目,在長方(fang)(fang)形場地(di)上,通(tong)過集(ji)體(ti)配合(he),射球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)入門得(de)分(fen)或持球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)觸得(de)分(fen)區地(di)面(mian)得(de)分(fen),它的(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)則(ze)大致(zhi)可(ke)分(fen)為美式橄(gan)欖(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)規(gui)(gui)則(ze)和(he)英(ying)式橄(gan)欖(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)規(gui)(gui)則(ze)兩種(zhong):1、美式橄(gan)欖(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)則(ze)非常繁復,核心規(gui)(gui)則(ze)用一(yi)句話概括,那就(jiu)是(shi)比(bi)賽雙方(fang)(fang)輪(lun)流進(jin)攻,進(jin)攻方(fang)(fang)把球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)帶(dai)到對方(fang)(fang)大本(ben)營就(jiu)算得(de)分(fen),最(zui)后(hou)得(de)分(fen)多的(de)(de)就(jiu)是(shi)贏家。2、英(ying)式橄(gan)欖(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)核心規(gui)(gui)則(ze)和(he)美式橄(gan)欖(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)一(yi)樣,只是(shi)在人(ren)員配置、得(de)分(fen)方(fang)(fang)式、進(jin)攻、傳球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)等方(fang)(fang)面(mian)有一(yi)些區別。
二、橄欖球起源于哪一個國家
橄欖球的原名是拉格比足球,這個名字來源于英國中部的一座城市,而在這座城市中有一所拉格比學校,它就是橄欖球運動的誕生地,1823年,學校中的一名學生埃利斯,在校內足球比賽中,因為比賽中出現了一次失誤,感到非常惋惜,竟然選擇不顧一切的抱起球來就跑,這雖然屬于犯規動作,但也給了人新的啟示,慢慢的逐漸被人們接受,發展出了一項新運動,那就是橄欖球。橄欖球發展至今已經成為一項世界性運動,如果您也想玩橄欖球,可以先來了解一下橄欖球十大品牌。
三、美式橄欖球和英式橄欖球區別
1、名稱不(bu)同(tong)(tong):英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄欖(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)文為(wei)(wei)(wei)Rugby,美(mei)(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄欖(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)名稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)America Football。2、使用(yong)的(de)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)不(bu)同(tong)(tong):美(mei)(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄欖(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)比(bi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄欖(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)略小,便于傳(chuan)(chuan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),一般(ban)來說(shuo)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)5號球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),而美(mei)(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)9號球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。3、運(yun)動(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)備不(bu)同(tong)(tong):英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄欖(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)員(yuan)(yuan)不(bu)穿護(hu)具,基本上(shang)采用(yong)足球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)服(fu)裝(zhuang),又(you)稱軟式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄欖(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。美(mei)(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄欖(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)員(yuan)(yuan)必(bi)須穿戴規定的(de)服(fu)裝(zhuang)和護(hu)具,故(gu)又(you)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)硬式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄欖(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。4、比(bi)賽(sai)(sai)時長不(bu)同(tong)(tong):美(mei)(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄欖(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)比(bi)賽(sai)(sai)全場(chang)60分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘,分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)4節,每節15分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘;英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄欖(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)時間(jian)接近足球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),全場(chang)一共(gong)(gong)80分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘,40分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘一個(ge)半場(chang)。5、人員(yuan)(yuan)配置不(bu)同(tong)(tong):美(mei)(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄欖(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)比(bi)賽(sai)(sai)中(zhong)每個(ge)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)隊(dui)允許11名球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)員(yuan)(yuan)同(tong)(tong)時在場(chang)上(shang);英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)每個(ge)隊(dui)有15個(ge)隊(dui)員(yuan)(yuan)在場(chang)上(shang)比(bi)賽(sai)(sai)。6、傳(chuan)(chuan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)方(fang)向不(bu)同(tong)(tong):美(mei)(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄欖(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)比(bi)賽(sai)(sai)中(zhong),球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)大部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)時間(jian)都保持向前運(yun)轉;英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄欖(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)不(bu)允許直接向前傳(chuan)(chuan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),必(bi)須傳(chuan)(chuan)給身位靠后的(de)隊(dui)友,否則視為(wei)(wei)(wei)越位。7、得(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)同(tong)(tong):美(mei)(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄欖(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)共(gong)(gong)有三種得(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別是(shi)達陣(zhen)得(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)、任(ren)意(yi)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)得(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)和安全分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),達陣(zhen)得(de)(de)(de)6分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),任(ren)意(yi)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)射中(zhong)得(de)(de)(de)3分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),安全分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)2分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen);英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄欖(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)比(bi)賽(sai)(sai)中(zhong)有只(zhi)有兩種得(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),達陣(zhen)得(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)和射門(men)得(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)。達陣(zhen)完(wan)成得(de)(de)(de)5分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),得(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)后的(de)附加射門(men)得(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)值(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)2分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)。8、職(zhi)業化(hua)(hua)程度不(bu)同(tong)(tong):美(mei)(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄欖(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)的(de)職(zhi)業化(hua)(hua)程度較(jiao)高(gao),英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橄欖(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)則還在帶著文化(hua)(hua)上(shang)的(de)優越感(gan),思考著貴族(zu)、商業化(hua)(hua)以及職(zhi)業化(hua)(hua)的(de)沖突(tu)。
四、橄欖球運動員的身體素質高嗎
橄(gan)(gan)欖(lan)球(qiu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)項高對(dui)抗性的(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong),球(qiu)員(yuan)(yuan)們擁有(you)(you)一(yi)身強(qiang)勁的(de)肌肉(rou)是(shi)(shi)自(zi)己對(dui)抗能力(li)的(de)保障,橄(gan)(gan)欖(lan)球(qiu)需要(yao)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)員(yuan)(yuan)擁有(you)(you)極(ji)為出(chu)色的(de)身體(ti)素質(zhi)和(he)奔跑能力(li)。相比于其(qi)他(ta)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong),橄(gan)(gan)欖(lan)球(qiu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)身體(ti)接觸是(shi)(shi)最多(duo)的(de),所以橄(gan)(gan)欖(lan)球(qiu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)員(yuan)(yuan)幾(ji)乎都(dou)擁有(you)(you)遠超于常人的(de)身材。NFL中的(de)球(qiu)員(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)個個都(dou)幾(ji)乎是(shi)(shi)肌肉(rou)怪獸。