英(ying)駐蕪領事署位于(yu)蕪湖市新蕪區(qu)范羅山。清光緒三年(nian)(1877年(nian)),英(ying)國人在范羅山山腰(yao)至山頂,陸續(xu)監造了3座西式二(er)層樓(lou)房(fang)(fang),均為券(quan)廊(lang)(lang)(lang)式磚木(mu)結(jie)構。其主建筑坐(zuo)北(bei)朝南,面(mian)(mian)(mian)闊25.38米,進深(shen)17.10米,高9.70米,建筑面(mian)(mian)(mian)積近900平方米。東、南、西三面(mian)(mian)(mian)均有(you)(you)深(shen)達(da)3.5米的(de)拱券(quan)回廊(lang)(lang)(lang),廊(lang)(lang)(lang)柱(zhu)挺拔,圓券(quan)清秀(xiu),建筑物下部為石(shi)砌基座,廊(lang)(lang)(lang)柱(zhu)以優質(zhi)紅磚砌筑。四(si)面(mian)(mian)(mian)坡頂采用(yong)深(shen)色(se)瓦(wa)楞鐵皮屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian),配(pei)以白色(se)門廊(lang)(lang)(lang)石(shi)柱(zhu)和連續(xu)拱券(quan),拱頂夾砌青磚,色(se)彩搭(da)配(pei)協調柔和。南面(mian)(mian)(mian)有(you)(you)主入(ru)口,東西兩側有(you)(you)次入(ru)口,大樓(lou)之間為八(ba)角(jiao)形大廳,大廳兩面(mian)(mian)(mian)各有(you)(you)2間辦公用(yong)房(fang)(fang),每(mei)間皆有(you)(you)壁爐。大廳后面(mian)(mian)(mian)有(you)(you)裝(zhuang)潢考究的(de)三折木(mu)樓(lou)梯(ti),通往二(er)樓(lou)領事官用(yong)房(fang)(fang)。樓(lou)梯(ti)平臺下側有(you)(you)出口通往后院附(fu)屬用(yong)房(fang)(fang),西北(bei)角(jiao)另有(you)(you)輔助樓(lou)梯(ti)通往三層閣樓(lou),登此,可以通過6個老虎窗(chuang)觀(guan)察(cha)四(si)面(mian)(mian)(mian)八(ba)方。
第二座(zuo)為(wei)民國初期建筑。 面(mian)向東南,2層(ceng)樓,6開間,面(mian)闊(kuo)34.4米(mi),進(jin)深13.5米(mi),層(ceng)高3.5米(mi)。紅磚墻,外走廊,長方門,百葉窗,內有壁爐。
第(di)三座也是民(min)國初期(qi)建筑(zhu),坐北朝南,2層樓(lou),7開間,面寬20米(mi),進深17.2米(mi),層高3.5米(mi)。紅磚墻,外(wai)走廊,拱券門(men),百葉窗。
英駐蕪領(ling)事署和領(ling)事官邸開創(chuang)了(le)蕪湖近(jin)代建(jian)筑風氣之先。李艷天(tian)告訴記者,此類西洋式建(jian)筑在我省留存很少,它延(yan)續了(le)建(jian)筑文(wen)(wen)化(hua)之脈絡,設(she)計中采用了(le)中西建(jian)筑文(wen)(wen)化(hua)共(gong)存的(de)手法,建(jian)筑結構使(shi)用磚木混合(he)結構。精妙的(de)建(jian)筑技藝,耐(nai)久(jiu)的(de)建(jian)筑材料和經(jing)典建(jian)筑形式,和諧(xie)統一,是外來文(wen)(wen)化(hua)與本土文(wen)(wen)化(hua)碰撞(zhuang)的(de)產物。
清光緒二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1876),根(gen)據《中英(ying)(ying)(ying)煙(yan)臺條約》,蕪(wu)湖被(bei)迫開埠,此后,英(ying)(ying)(ying)國(guo)(guo)人陸續(xu)在范羅山南坡及附近的雨(yu)耕山上(shang),依地勢建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)起(qi)四幢極具英(ying)(ying)(ying)倫(lun)風格(ge)的建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu),供英(ying)(ying)(ying)國(guo)(guo)駐(zhu)蕪(wu)領事(shi)署(shu)及稅(shui)務司(si)使(shi)用。它們分別是(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于1877年(nian)(nian)(nian)的英(ying)(ying)(ying)國(guo)(guo)駐(zhu)蕪(wu)領事(shi)署(shu)領事(shi)辦公樓(lou)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于1887年(nian)(nian)(nian)的英(ying)(ying)(ying)國(guo)(guo)駐(zhu)蕪(wu)領事(shi)署(shu)官邸(di)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于1912年(nian)(nian)(nian)的總稅(shui)務司(si)辦公樓(lou)和建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于民國(guo)(guo)初年(nian)(nian)(nian)的洋(yang)員幫(bang)辦樓(lou)。這其(qi)中,英(ying)(ying)(ying)國(guo)(guo)駐(zhu)蕪(wu)領事(shi)署(shu)是(shi)(shi)蕪(wu)湖最(zui)早的近代西洋(yang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu),由英(ying)(ying)(ying)國(guo)(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)設(she)計師精心(xin)打造,無論外觀,還是(shi)(shi)內部(bu)設(she)施都很(hen)精美,它也是(shi)(shi)早期一批西方列強(qiang)在中國(guo)(guo)興建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的使(shi)館建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)。
英駐蕪領(ling)(ling)事署辦(ban)公樓(lou)坐(zuo)落于(yu)范羅(luo)山一處(chu)小山頭上,相對獨立于(yu)附近(jin)其(qi)他建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。這(zhe)幢(chuang)(chuang)辦(ban)公樓(lou)在(zai)這(zhe)四幢(chuang)(chuang)西洋建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)中設計(ji)得最為(wei)(wei)精美,做工也(ye)最為(wei)(wei)講究,據說,它的(de)(de)設計(ji)圖紙和建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工程師(shi)均(jun)來自(zi)英國(guo)(guo)(guo)本(ben)土(tu)。無論是(shi)(shi)(shi)占地面(mian)積(ji),還是(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)積(ji),這(zhe)座辦(ban)公樓(lou)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)四幢(chuang)(chuang)西洋建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)中最大的(de)(de)。據《蕪湖(hu)百(bai)年(nian)(nian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)》介紹:“1877年(nian)(nian),英國(guo)(guo)(guo)政(zheng)府(fu)在(zai)地勢(shi)高敞(chang)、林蔭如蓋的(de)(de)范羅(luo)山建(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)了(le)領(ling)(ling)事署辦(ban)公樓(lou)。由英國(guo)(guo)(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)師(shi)設計(ji),券廊(lang)式(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。兩層磚木結(jie)構,坐(zuo)北朝(chao)南(nan),東(dong)西對稱。占地面(mian)積(ji)466平(ping)方米(mi)(mi),建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)積(ji)1190平(ping)方米(mi)(mi)。東(dong)、西、南(nan)三(san)向設有外廊(lang),青(qing)石砌(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)露明基座,平(ping)面(mian)方正,典雅大方,是(shi)(shi)(shi)蕪湖(hu)最早的(de)(de)西洋建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)安徽省最早的(de)(de)外國(guo)(guo)(guo)領(ling)(ling)署建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。”另據民國(guo)(guo)(guo)八年(nian)(nian)《灣沚區志》記載:“英領(ling)(ling)事署在(zai)范羅(luo)山。因《煙臺條約》,于(yu)光緒三(san)年(nian)(nian),由英國(guo)(guo)(guo)領(ling)(ling)事官建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)新(xin)式(shi)(shi)樓(lou)房一座,四圍(wei)繞以垣墻,以為(wei)(wei)領(ling)(ling)事官辦(ban)公之地。”