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臨淄齊國故城
0 票數:0 #古城址#
臨淄齊國故城是中國西周至戰國齊國都城遺址。在山東省淄博市臨淄區齊都鎮(舊臨淄縣城)的西、北面,東臨淄河,西依古系水。總面積達20余平方公里。是國務院1961年公布的全國文物保護單位。臨淄齊國古城是春秋戰國時期齊國的都城,是列國中較為繁華的都城之一,也是當時候東方重要的政治、經濟、文化中心。
  • 所在地/隸屬: 山東省淄博市臨淄區齊都鎮
  • 文物保護單位: 國家(jia)第(di)一(yi)批(周)
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臨淄(zi)齊(qi)(qi)國故城(cheng)是中(zhong)國西(xi)周至(zhi)戰國齊(qi)(qi)國都城(cheng)遺址。在(zai)山(shan)東省淄(zi)博市(shi)臨淄(zi)區齊(qi)(qi)都鎮(舊臨淄(zi)縣(xian)城(cheng))的(de)西(xi)、北面(mian),東臨淄(zi)河,西(xi)依(yi)古系水。總面(mian)積達20余平方公里。

臨淄齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國古城是春(chun)秋戰國時(shi)期齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國的都(dou)城,是列(lie)國中最為(wei)繁華的都(dou)城之一,也是當(dang)時(shi)候東方(fang)重要的政治、經濟、文化中心。根據(ju)《史記(ji).齊(qi)(qi)(qi)太公世(shi)家》的記(ji)載,周夷王十一年(nian)(公元(yuan)前(qian)859年(nian))齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國第七(qi)世(shi)國君齊(qi)(qi)(qi)獻公開始(shi)以臨淄為(wei)都(dou)城,到秦(qin)始(shi)皇(huang)二十六年(nian)(公元(yuan)前(qian)221年(nian))秦(qin)滅齊(qi)(qi)(qi)止,先后作(zuo)為(wei)姜齊(qi)(qi)(qi)和田(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)的國都(dou)長達630余年(nian)。

歷史沿革

周武王滅商后(hou)(hou)(hou),封姜尚長子丁公(gong)于(yu)齊(qi),建都(dou)(dou)營丘(qiu)(一說營丘(qiu)即臨淄),后(hou)(hou)(hou)六世胡(hu)公(gong)遷都(dou)(dou)于(yu)薄姑(今山(shan)東博興(xing))。獻公(gong)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)前859年(nian)(nian)(nian))遷都(dou)(dou)臨淄,至秦(qin)(qin)始皇二十六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)前221年(nian)(nian)(nian))年(nian)(nian)(nian)齊(qi)亡。秦(qin)(qin)代為齊(qi)郡治所。西漢前期和(he)(he)東漢為諸侯國(guo)(guo)齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)都(dou)(dou)城(cheng)。臨淄作為齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)都(dou)(dou)城(cheng)達(da)600多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian),是(shi)戰國(guo)(guo)時期規模較大(da)的城(cheng)市(shi)之一。民國(guo)(guo)十四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1926年(nian)(nian)(nian))日本人(ren)曾作調查。中華人(ren)民共和(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)建立后(hou)(hou)(hou),山(shan)東省(sheng)(sheng)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)管(guan)理處多(duo)次(ci)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)調查,1958年(nian)(nian)(nian)山(shan)東省(sheng)(sheng)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)干部訓(xun)練班(ban)對(dui)遺址進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)鉆探(tan)和(he)(he)發(fa)掘(jue),1964年(nian)(nian)(nian)~1966年(nian)(nian)(nian)山(shan)東省(sheng)(sheng)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)管(guan)理處與北京大(da)學等單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei),對(dui)遺址進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)全面的鉆探(tan)和(he)(he)試掘(jue),1971年(nian)(nian)(nian)和(he)(he)1976年(nian)(nian)(nian)山(shan)東省(sheng)(sheng)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)管(guan)理處再次(ci)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)發(fa)掘(jue)。1961年(nian)(nian)(nian)中華人(ren)民共和(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)務院公(gong)布(bu)為全國(guo)(guo)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)保護單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)。

遺址遺存

遺址布局

齊國(guo)故城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)括大城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和小城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)兩(liang)部分,小城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在大城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)西(xi)南(nan)方,兩(liang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)相連接。大城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)北(bei)4.5公(gong)里(li),東(dong)西(xi)3.5公(gong)里(li)余,是(shi)(shi)官(guan)吏、平民及商人(ren)居(ju)住的(de)郭城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng);小城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)北(bei)2公(gong)里(li),東(dong)西(xi)1.5公(gong)里(li),是(shi)(shi)國(guo)君居(ju)住的(de)宮(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。兩(liang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)面積15.5平方公(gong)里(li)。

故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)的城(cheng)(cheng)墻殘垣尚(shang)存,夯筑(zhu)痕跡依稀可辨,城(cheng)(cheng)門十三座(zuo)。城(cheng)(cheng)內道路縱(zong)橫,多與城(cheng)(cheng)門相通。現已探明主要交通干道十條,小城(cheng)(cheng)內三條,大城(cheng)(cheng)內七條。道旁(pang)居住、作坊遺址遍布。東周(zhou)墓殉馬坑、齊(qi)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)排水道口、孔(kong)子(zi)聞韶處(chu)(chu)、桓公(gong)臺(tai)等十幾處(chu)(chu)文物景點已向游人開放。

齊城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)由大、小(xiao)兩(liang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)組成。大城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)郭城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),平(ping)面(mian)呈長方形,南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)最長處4.5公(gong)里(li)(li),東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)最寬(kuan)(kuan)處近4公(gong)里(li)(li),周長14公(gong)里(li)(li)余(yu)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)墻(qiang)(qiang)因(yin)臨(lin)河(he)修筑,多(duo)曲折。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)用夾板夯(hang)(hang)筑,從東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)周至漢(han)代經(jing)多(duo)次增筑和(he)修補(bu),基寬(kuan)(kuan)20~30米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),最寬(kuan)(kuan)達(da)43米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。地面(mian)保存最高處達(da) 5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)以上。早期夯(hang)(hang)層(ceng)(ceng)較薄,多(duo)小(xiao)杵夯(hang)(hang) ,晚期夯(hang)(hang)層(ceng)(ceng)厚,多(duo)平(ping)夯(hang)(hang)。已(yi)探出(chu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men) 6座(zuo),東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)面(mian)各(ge)1座(zuo),南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)面(mian)各(ge)2座(zuo),門(men)道(dao)(dao)寬(kuan)(kuan)一般(ban)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右(you)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內已(yi)探出(chu) 7條主干(gan)道(dao)(dao)路(lu),大多(duo)與城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)連(lian)接,有的(de)貫穿(chuan)全城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),路(lu)寬(kuan)(kuan) 6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)以上,其中兩(liang)條南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)主干(gan)道(dao)(dao)路(lu)寬(kuan)(kuan)達(da)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。這(zhe)些道(dao)(dao)路(lu)多(duo)十(shi)字交叉,把(ba)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內劃分(fen)為(wei)若干(gan)街區。小(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)宮城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),在(zai)大城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)方,東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)嵌入(ru)(ru)(ru)大城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)長 2.5公(gong)里(li)(li),東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)寬(kuan)(kuan) 1.5公(gong)里(li)(li),周長7公(gong)里(li)(li)余(yu)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)基寬(kuan)(kuan)20~30米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),最寬(kuan)(kuan)處達(da)60余(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。有5座(zuo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men),東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、西(xi)(xi)、北(bei)(bei)(bei)面(mian)各(ge)1座(zuo),南(nan)(nan)面(mian)2 座(zuo)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、北(bei)(bei)(bei)門(men)通向(xiang)大城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),門(men)道(dao)(dao)外口(kou)兩(liang)側城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)皆向(xiang)外凸出(chu)。探出(chu)的(de) 3條主干(gan)道(dao)(dao)路(lu)分(fen)別與南(nan)(nan)門(men)、西(xi)(xi)門(men)和(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)門(men)連(lian)接,路(lu)寬(kuan)(kuan) 8~17米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。沿(yan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)內側還有寬(kuan)(kuan) 6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右(you)的(de)“環涂(tu)”。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內有排(pai)水(shui)(shui)明渠(qu)。大城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)部(bu)有一條南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)干(gan)渠(qu),南(nan)(nan)與小(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)角城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕(hao)相接,北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)分(fen)為(wei) 2支(zhi),一支(zhi)出(chu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)墻(qiang)(qiang)注(zhu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)北(bei)(bei)(bei)護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he),一支(zhi)向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)出(chu)西(xi)(xi)墻(qiang)(qiang)注(zhu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)系水(shui)(shui)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)也有水(shui)(shui)渠(qu)分(fen)別注(zhu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)北(bei)(bei)(bei)護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)和(he)淄河(he)。小(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有曲尺形水(shui)(shui)渠(qu),經(jing)宮殿(dian)區穿(chuan)西(xi)(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)注(zhu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)系水(shui)(shui)。在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)處均有自然(ran)石疊砌的(de)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)道(dao)(dao)口(kou),已(yi)發掘的(de)西(xi)(xi)墻(qiang)(qiang)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)道(dao)(dao)口(kou)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)長16.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)約7~8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高約 3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。有3層(ceng)(ceng)流水(shui)(shui)孔(kong)(kong)(kong),每層(ceng)(ceng)5孔(kong)(kong)(kong),各(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)互(hu)相錯列。水(shui)(shui)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)一般(ban)高50厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)40厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右(you)。排(pai)水(shui)(shui)道(dao)(dao)口(kou)及東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)進出(chu)水(shui)(shui)道(dao)(dao)的(de)兩(liang)壁均用石塊壘砌,底鋪(pu)石塊。

墓葬特點

大(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內發(fa)現兩處墓(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di),一(yi)處在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)北(bei)部(bu)(bu)河崖頭(tou)、東(dong)古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)帶(dai),已(yi) 探(tan)出大(da)中(zhong)型(xing)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)20余(yu)座(zuo),有的(de)(de)(de)大(da)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)口面(mian)積40米見方(fang),有南北(bei)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)道。在(zai)其中(zhong) 1座(zuo)甲字型(xing)大(da)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)東(dong)、西、北(bei)三面(mian)發(fa)現有殉馬坑,據已(yi)發(fa)掘(jue)部(bu)(bu)分推算,共殉馬 600余(yu)匹。這一(yi)帶(dai)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬中(zhong)出土的(de)(de)(de)隨葬品(pin)中(zhong)有不少精美的(de)(de)(de)青銅(tong)器,均(jun)屬西周和春秋(qiu)時期(qi),當是姜齊的(de)(de)(de)公墓(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di)。另一(yi)處在(zai)大(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南部(bu)(bu)劉家寨(zhai)、邰院一(yi)帶(dai),這里的(de)(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬都是積石、積蛤殼的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)型(xing)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南一(yi)帶(dai)有多處東(dong)周墓(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di)。在(zai)南城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外約0.5公里的(de)(de)(de)郎家莊發(fa)掘(jue)一(yi)座(zuo)戰(zhan)國(guo)早期(qi)人殉墓(mu)(mu)(mu),槨(guo)室周圍(wei)埋有17個女性殉葬人,年齡最(zui)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)15歲,皆(jie)有墓(mu)(mu)(mu)坑和棺槨(guo),陪葬者均(jun)有豐富的(de)(de)(de)隨葬品(pin)。臨(lin)淄(zi)故城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南10公里左(zuo)右的(de)(de)(de)牛山一(yi)帶(dai),今猶存高大(da)的(de)(de)(de)封(feng)土堆(dui)10余(yu)座(zuo),有稱“四王(wang)(wang)(wang)冢”、“二(er)王(wang)(wang)(wang)冢”,當為田齊時的(de)(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)陵。

遺跡分布

宮(gong)殿區(qu)在(zai)小(xiao)城(cheng)西北部(bu)(bu),地(di)下分布有(you)(you)大面積的(de)夯土基(ji)址(zhi)。其中心建筑為(wei)一高14米(mi)、南北長86米(mi)、東西寬70米(mi)的(de)夯土臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji),俗稱桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)臺(tai)(tai)(tai),頂部(bu)(bu)分為(wei) 3層。臺(tai)(tai)(tai)東北發掘了(le)1處(chu)宮(gong)室(shi)建筑遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)。建筑分為(wei)2層,上層屬西漢(han)時期,下層為(wei)東周(zhou)(zhou)時期。小(xiao)城(cheng)東北部(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)一較小(xiao)夯筑臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji),四周(zhou)(zhou)以自然石甃砌(qi),與桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)遙相(xiang)呼(hu)應,周(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)地(di)勢低洼,當是臺(tai)(tai)(tai)榭(xie)別館遺(yi)(yi)跡。小(xiao)城(cheng)西門外有(you)(you)泉,古有(you)(you)中池,是齊國(guo)的(de)苑囿。現存高臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)址(zhi)“歇馬臺(tai)(tai)(tai)”可能是《左傳》中提到的(de)“遄(chuan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)”遺(yi)(yi)跡。西北約10公(gong)(gong)里有(you)(you)“梧(wu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)”,高28米(mi),上部(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)花紋鋪(pu)地(di)磚、陶排(pai)水管(guan)等(deng)遺(yi)(yi)跡,當是齊的(de)別館離(li)宮(gong)遺(yi)(yi)跡。

大城(cheng)中部(bu)(bu)(bu)偏西和南(nan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)大片戰國、漢(han)代冶鐵遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi),東(dong)北部(bu)(bu)(bu)和北部(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)東(dong)周(zhou)與漢(han)代制骨遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi),中部(bu)(bu)(bu)闞家莊東(dong)南(nan)有(you)漢(han)代冶銅、鑄錢遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi),中部(bu)(bu)(bu)偏南(nan)劉家寨(zhai)周(zhou)圍有(you)大型夯(hang)土建筑基址(zhi)(zhi)。小(xiao)城(cheng)南(nan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)煉鐵、冶銅和鑄錢遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)。

大(da)量的手工業(ye)作坊遺(yi)址(zhi),就分(fen)布在這些(xie)文化堆積之中。今(jin)已發(fa)現冶(ye)鐵遺(yi)址(zhi)六處(chu)(chu)、煉銅遺(yi)址(zhi)兩處(chu)(chu)、鑄錢遺(yi)址(zhi)兩處(chu)(chu),制(zhi)骨遺(yi)址(zhi)四(si)處(chu)(chu)。分(fen)述于下(xia):

冶鐵遺址

臨(lin)(lin)淄是(shi)(shi)冶(ye)鐵(tie)中心之一,冶(ye)鐵(tie)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)數量(liang)多(duo),面積大;出土鐵(tie)器(qi)數量(liang)多(duo),種類齊(qi)全(quan),足可以證明(ming)當(dang)時(shi)臨(lin)(lin)淄冶(ye)鐵(tie)業(ye)的繁盛。目(mu)前臨(lin)(lin)淄齊(qi)故城勘探(tan)發現六處冶(ye)鐵(tie)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi),其中兩處面積達40萬平方米(mi),這在全(quan)國(guo)是(shi)(shi)罕見(jian)的;另外(wai)臨(lin)(lin)淄商王墓(mu)地三座墓(mu)中出土鐵(tie)器(qi)103件(jian),臨(lin)(lin)淄窩托齊(qi)王墓(mu)五(wu)個陪(pei)葬(zang)坑,出土鐵(tie)器(qi)約401件(jian),均是(shi)(shi)周至漢墓(mu)葬(zang)中早期鐵(tie)器(qi)出土量(liang)較(jiao)大的。

小城(cheng)西部冶鐵遺址:在(zai)小城(cheng)西門東(dong)北200米(mi)(mi)處。范圍南北約(yue)(yue)150米(mi)(mi)、東(dong)西約(yue)(yue)100米(mi)(mi),屬下層(ceng)堆積(ji)(這一帶有(you)(you)兩層(ceng)堆積(ji),厚二米(mi)(mi)左右(you))。周圍有(you)(you)許多夯(hang)土遺存,其間并有(you)(you)10米(mi)(mi)寬(kuan)的(de)道(dao)路通向西門。

小城東部冶鐵(tie)(tie)遺址:位(wei)于今臨(lin)淄城關面粉廠北400米處,西距辛(xin)(辛(xin)店(dian))、東(東營)公路約100米。范圍南北約70米、東西約60米。經鉆探(tan)(tan)得(de)知,屬第(di)二層(ceng)(ceng)堆積(ji)(這里一般有三層(ceng)(ceng)堆積(ji),厚(hou)二米左右),曾(ceng)有探(tan)(tan)孔(kong)在鐵(tie)(tie)渣之下的路土中(zhong)瓷片,可能(neng)是一晚期的冶鐵(tie)(tie)遺址。

大城(cheng)(cheng)西部(bu)冶鐵(tie)遺址:在大城(cheng)(cheng)南北河(he)道以(yi)西,石佛(fo)堂村及(ji)村南一(yi)(yi)帶,范圍約四至五萬(wan)平方米(mi),屬第三(san)層(ceng)堆積(這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)帶有三(san)層(ceng)堆積,厚二米(mi)下(xia)(xia)下(xia)(xia)),應是(shi)一(yi)(yi)東(dong)周晚期的煉鐵(tie)遺址。

大城中部偏(pian)西(xi)的冶鐵遺(yi)址:在南北河(he)道(dao)以東,位于付(fu)家廟(miao)村(cun)西(xi)和西(xi)南一帶,面積(ji)約四(si)十萬平方(fang)米,屬(shu)下層堆(dui)積(ji)(這一帶一般有兩(liang)層堆(dui)積(ji),厚一米至二(er)米)。

大(da)城南部(bu)(bu)冶(ye)鐵(tie)(tie)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi):位于小城東門以東,韶院村西,劉家寨村南的大(da)片地區都有(you)冶(ye)鐵(tie)(tie)遺(yi)(yi)跡存(cun)在(zai),但中心地區似在(zai)大(da)城南墻西門以內(nei),大(da)道(dao)的兩側,面積約四十萬平方(fang)米(mi),屬于二、三層堆積(這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)帶一(yi)(yi)般(ban)有(you)三個地層堆積,厚(hou)二至三米(mi)以上)。這(zhe)是(shi)六處冶(ye)鐵(tie)(tie)遺(yi)(yi)跡中規模大(da),遺(yi)(yi)跡最豐富的一(yi)(yi)處。在(zai)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)內(nei),特(te)別是(shi)它(ta)的北部(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)喧(xuan)有(you)許多(duo)夯(hang)土基址(zhi)(zhi),曾在(zai)此發現過漢“齊鐵(tie)(tie)官丞”,“齊采鐵(tie)(tie)印(yin)”等封泥,當(dang)是(shi)漢代的“鐵(tie)(tie)官”所在(zai)。

大城東北(bei)(bei)部冶(ye)鐵(tie)遺(yi)址:在闞家寨村(cun)的(de)東南和村(cun)北(bei)(bei),崔(cui)家莊的(de)東北(bei)(bei)和村(cun)北(bei)(bei),河崖頭(tou)村(cun)西等(deng)大片(pian)地區都有冶(ye)鐵(tie)遺(yi)跡(ji)存在,分布較廣,但不集中。遺(yi)跡(ji)較豐富處(chu)在崔(cui)家莊東北(bei)(bei)至村(cun)西北(bei)(bei)一帶,面積(ji)約30,000—40,000平方米,這一帶地層(ceng)堆積(ji)厚,離地一般都在三(san)以上,有三(san)層(ceng)堆積(ji),冶(ye)鐵(tie)遺(yi)跡(ji)屬第(di)二(er)層(ceng),當屬東周時期。

煉銅遺址

小(xiao)城南部煉銅遺址:分兩(liang)片(pian)(pian),一(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)是在小(xiao)徐村北(bei)(bei),其范(fan)圍東(dong)西(xi)約80米,南北(bei)(bei)100余(yu)米,屬下層(ceng)文化堆(dui)積(ji)(這一(yi)(yi)帶地層(ceng)堆(dui)積(ji)三米左右(you),共兩(liang)層(ceng));另一(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)位于西(xi)關石羊村北(bei)(bei)頭,其范(fan)圍東(dong)西(xi)約150米,南北(bei)(bei)100米,層(ceng)位與前者相同。皆(jie)屬東(dong)周時(shi)期。

大城東北(bei)部煉銅遺址:位于(yu)闞家寨東南及東北(bei)方向(xiang)的“韓信(xin)嶺”一帶(dai),探知這(zhe)一帶(dai)地層(ceng)堆積有四層(ceng),銅渣、爐渣、燒土等發(fa)現于(yu)二至三層(ceng)之間,第三層(ceng)是(shi)(shi)灰綠土,質堅實,從試(shi)掘中知是(shi)(shi)春(chun)秋前期的地層(ceng)。

鑄錢遺址

臨淄作為(wei)周代(dai)齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)都(dou)城(cheng)和漢代(dai)齊(qi)郡(jun)郡(jun)治及齊(qi)王國(guo)(guo)都(dou)城(cheng)所在地,不僅是(shi)春秋戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)時(shi)期(qi)東(dong)(dong)方工商(shang)業大(da)都(dou)市,而且在漢代(dai)工商(shang)業依然高度發(fa)達,直到新(xin)莽時(shi)期(qi)仍是(shi)全國(guo)(guo)五(wu)大(da)工商(shang)業都(dou)市之(zhi)一(yi),因此,臨淄齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)故(gu)城(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)遺(yi)留有(you)豐富的(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)周秦(qin)漢時(shi)期(qi)的(de)(de)手(shou)工業遺(yi)存。20世紀50年(nian)代(dai)以來,臨淄齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)故(gu)城(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)中東(dong)(dong)周秦(qin)漢時(shi)期(qi)的(de)(de)錢范多有(you)發(fa)現(xian),為(wei)研究當(dang)時(shi)的(de)(de)錢幣鑄造業提(ti)供了實物證據,而新(xin)莽時(shi)期(qi)大(da)布黃千銅錢范的(de)(de)發(fa)現(xian),更為(wei)研究新(xin)莽時(shi)期(qi)臨淄(新(xin)莽時(shi)期(qi)臨淄曾(ceng)更名(ming)曰(yue)“齊(qi)陵”)的(de)(de)錢幣鑄造業提(ti)供了珍貴的(de)(de)實物資料。

大布黃千(qian)銅錢范(fan),1984年出土于(yu)臨淄齊(qi)國故(gu)城的大城北部(bu),現(xian)收藏于(yu)齊(qi)國故(gu)城遺址(zhi)博物館。錢范(fan)共2件,館藏編號分別為P30018和P30019,均為銅質(zhi)錢范(fan)模。

錢(qian)范(fan)P30018,整器呈圓(yuan)角(jiao)方形的(de)(de)(de)(de)淺(qian)盤(pan)狀(zhuang),有邊框,寬沿外折(zhe)。范(fan)模(mo)(mo)正(zheng)(zheng)面(mian)(mian)邊長為(wei)(wei)8.1×8.2厘米,折(zhe)沿最(zui)寬處(chu)為(wei)(wei)0.4厘米,最(zui)窄處(chu)為(wei)(wei)0.3厘米。范(fan)模(mo)(mo)正(zheng)(zheng)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)盤(pan)中(zhong)心有一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)凸起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)圓(yuan)柱形澆(jiao)道(dao)模(mo)(mo),直(zhi)徑0.8厘米,有一(yi)(yi)(yi)條中(zhong)線縱(zong)向穿(chuan)過(guo)圓(yuan)柱形澆(jiao)道(dao)模(mo)(mo)并將范(fan)模(mo)(mo)均分為(wei)(wei)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)兩部(bu)分,應為(wei)(wei)制作母(mu)范(fan)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)線。范(fan)模(mo)(mo)內(nei)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)各(ge)設(she)有布形錢(qian)模(mo)(mo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)枚,一(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)(zheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)反,右(you)側(ce)為(wei)(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)面(mian)(mian)錢(qian)模(mo)(mo),左(zuo)(zuo)側(ce)為(wei)(wei)反面(mian)(mian)錢(qian)模(mo)(mo),正(zheng)(zheng)、反錢(qian)模(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)線的(de)(de)(de)(de)上部(bu)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)圓(yuan)穿(chuan)模(mo)(mo),正(zheng)(zheng)面(mian)(mian)錢(qian)模(mo)(mo)凸起(qi)“大布黃千”的(de)(de)(de)(de)陽(yang)文。正(zheng)(zheng)面(mian)(mian)錢(qian)模(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)上、下(xia)和右(you)側(ce)各(ge)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)三角(jiao)形凸起(qi)作為(wei)(wei)榫釘,反面(mian)(mian)錢(qian)模(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)上、下(xia)和左(zuo)(zuo)側(ce)各(ge)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)凹下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)三角(jiao)形卯孔。范(fan)模(mo)(mo)背面(mian)(mian)也(ye)呈圓(yuan)角(jiao)方形的(de)(de)(de)(de)淺(qian)盤(pan)狀(zhuang),邊長為(wei)(wei)7.1×7.9厘米,盤(pan)底鑄有陽(yang)文“大出一(yi)(yi)(yi)”字樣。

錢(qian)范(fan)P30019,整器形制、結構均(jun)與錢(qian)范(fan)P30018相同,但(dan)范(fan)模正面邊(bian)框的(de)(de)邊(bian)長為8.7×9.2厘(li)米(mi),折沿最寬處為0.8厘(li)米(mi),最窄處為0.4厘(li)米(mi)。背(bei)(bei)面邊(bian)長為8.1×8.1厘(li)米(mi)。其(qi)他不同之處在于:淺(qian)盤狀范(fan)模內的(de)(de)大(da)布黃千錢(qian)模,左側(ce)為正面錢(qian)模,右側(ce)為反面錢(qian)模;右側(ce)有(you)3個凸起的(de)(de)三角形榫(sun)釘,左側(ce)有(you)3個凹(ao)下(xia)的(de)(de)三角形卯孔(kong);范(fan)模背(bei)(bei)面的(de)(de)陽(yang)文為“大(da)山一”。

這(zhe)兩件銅質(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)模(mo)(mo)可(ke)各自單獨使(shi)用,用以翻(fan)制(zhi)(zhi)泥質(zhi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)模(mo)(mo)正(zheng)面錢(qian)(qian)模(mo)(mo)四(si)(si)周凹凸的(de)榫卯(mao)結構,在翻(fan)制(zhi)(zhi)泥質(zhi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)的(de)過程中在鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)上(shang)形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)凸起和凹下的(de)榫卯(mao),用于(yu)(yu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)的(de)合范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)定位(wei)。用這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)錢(qian)(qian)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)模(mo)(mo)翻(fan)制(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)的(de)泥質(zhi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)片,背(bei)面平整;正(zheng)面有凹下的(de)大(da)布黃千的(de)型腔(qiang),中央有圓(yuan)形穿孔作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)澆(jiao)道,四(si)(si)周的(de)三角(jiao)形凹凸作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)合范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)時(shi)的(de)定位(wei)。同一(yi)(yi)(yi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)模(mo)(mo)翻(fan)制(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)的(de)兩件泥鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)片正(zheng)面相(xiang)合,構成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)盒鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),可(ke)同時(shi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造2枚錢(qian)(qian)幣。若(ruo)干盒泥鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)豎(shu)向(xiang)層層壘疊(die)在一(yi)(yi)(yi)起,構成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)組疊(die)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),澆(jiao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次可(ke)同時(shi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)出(chu)錢(qian)(qian)幣數(shu)枚乃至(zhi)數(shu)十枚。立式疊(die)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)法鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)西漢時(shi)期(qi)出(chu)現(xian),新莽時(shi)期(qi)流行開來的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)錢(qian)(qian)幣鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造工(gong)藝(yi)(yi),是鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)技(ji)術的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)進步。疊(die)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)中的(de)泥鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)雖(sui)然一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)只能使(shi)用一(yi)(yi)(yi)次即被毀棄,但疊(die)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)的(de)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)模(mo)(mo)是銅質(zhi)的(de),可(ke)以反復多次使(shi)用,用以翻(fan)制(zhi)(zhi)大(da)量的(de)泥質(zhi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)片用于(yu)(yu)澆(jiao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)銅錢(qian)(qian)。這(zhe)不僅提高了生產(chan)效率,而且還保證了錢(qian)(qian)幣形制(zhi)(zhi)及重量的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致性。

據《漢書·食(shi)貨志》載,大(da)布(bu)黃千(qian)(qian)是(shi)王莽在(zai)始(shi)建國二(er)年(nian)(公元10年(nian))進(jin)行第(di)三次貨幣改(gai)制中新(xin)鑄行的貨幣之一,“大(da)布(bu),長二(er)寸四分,重一兩,而值千(qian)(qian)錢(qian)矣。”新(xin)莽時期(qi)的大(da)布(bu)黃千(qian)(qian)銅錢(qian),在(zai)各(ge)地多有發現,但是(shi),大(da)布(bu)黃千(qian)(qian)錢(qian)范卻少有發現。因(yin)此,臨淄齊故城(cheng)大(da)布(bu)黃千(qian)(qian)銅范模的發現,對(dui)于(yu)研究(jiu)新(xin)莽時期(qi)的錢(qian)幣鑄造(zao)工藝和(he)錢(qian)幣鑄造(zao)業無疑(yi)具(ju)有重要的學(xue)術價值。

齊(qi)刀幣鑄(zhu)址:位于小城(cheng)南部居中安(an)合村南,靠近城(cheng)墻。其范圍自安(an)河村南東西(xi)路(lu)起,向(xiang)北200米,村南南北路(lu)向(xiang)東向(xiang)西(xi)各100米。上層(ceng)已(yi)受到嚴(yan)重擾亂,曾出(chu)土過(guo)“齊(qi)法(fa)化”刀幣和鑄(zhu)范。

西(xi)漢“半(ban)兩”錢鑄(zhu)(zhu)址(zhi):位于闞家寨村南一帶,村南的東(dong)部和西(xi)部都(dou)有(you)成批 “半(ban)兩錢范(fan)”出土,耕土層下即鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢遺跡。其范(fan)圍闞家寨村南南北(bei)中(zhong)心路向(xiang)西(xi)180米(mi),向(xiang)東(dong)250米(mi),南起變壓器(qi)向(xiang)北(bei)250米(mi)。在這片范(fan)圍內,亦間有(you)居(ju)住區(qu)、冶鐵、煉銅遺址(zhi)。

制骨遺址

故城內(nei)制(zhi)骨(gu)作坊遺(yi)跡范圍較(jiao)廣,主要在大城東(dong)北(bei)(bei)部和北(bei)(bei)部,比(bi)較(jiao)集中的(de)有四處地方,即崔家(jia)(jia)莊東(dong)北(bei)(bei);河崖頭村西南部;東(dong)古(gu)城村以(yi)南;田家(jia)(jia)莊東(dong)北(bei)(bei)。這(zhe)里(li)的(de)遺(yi)物十(shi)分(fen)豐富(fu),不(bu)僅出土(tu)過刀石砥礪,而且殘骨(gu)余料遍地皆(jie)是。

城(cheng)內(nei)(nei)出土了大批陶(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、瓦、瓦當(dang)和(he)錢(qian)范等(deng)。陶(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)高(gao)圈足簋、豆、盂等(deng)類器(qi)(qi)(qi)較多(duo),陶(tao)鬲(li)(li)有繩紋鬲(li)(li)和(he)素(su)面鬲(li)(li)兩大類,繩紋鬲(li)(li)又有周(zhou)式鬲(li)(li)和(he)齊(qi)式鬲(li)(li)兩種(zhong),一直延續到戰(zhan)國時(shi)期。東周(zhou)陶(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)行戳印的陶(tao)文,內(nei)(nei)容(rong)多(duo)屬作器(qi)(qi)(qi)者(zhe)居地和(he)人名(ming)。瓦當(dang)多(duo)素(su)面,少(shao)數飾樹(shu)木雙獸(shou)、雙目和(he)樹(shu)木卷草紋,偶見“天(tian)齊(qi)”瓦當(dang)和(he)卷云紋、獸(shou)面紋瓦當(dang)。戰(zhan)國時(shi)期多(duo)半瓦當(dang),漢代多(duo)圓瓦當(dang)。錢(qian)范有戰(zhan)國“齊(qi)法化(hua)”陶(tao)范和(he)西(xi)漢“半兩”、“五(wu)銖”石范。遺(yi)物反映的文化(hua)特征與燕、趙比較接近。

手工作坊遺址

故城內,發現了冶(ye)鐵、煉(lian)銅(tong)(tong)、鑄(zhu)錢、鑄(zhu)鏡(jing)和制(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)等多種手工作(zuo)坊遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多處(chu)(chu),其中,冶(ye)鐵遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)6處(chu)(chu),煉(lian)銅(tong)(tong)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)2處(chu)(chu),鑄(zhu)錢遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)2處(chu)(chu),鑄(zhu)鏡(jing)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)2處(chu)(chu),制(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)作(zuo)坊遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)4處(chu)(chu)。另外,大城還有(you)多處(chu)(chu)陶窯遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)故(gu)城保存完整,地上地下文(wen)(wen)物古跡十(shi)分豐富、在中國(guo)(guo)(guo)文(wen)(wen)化史上占據著重要地位(wei)。1961年(nian)3月4日(ri),故(gu)城被(bei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)公布為全國(guo)(guo)(guo)文(wen)(wen)物保護單(dan)(dan)位(wei);1994年(nian)1月4日(ri),被(bei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)公布為“國(guo)(guo)(guo)家歷史文(wen)(wen)化名城”。 2005年(nian),臨(lin)淄(zi)(zi)齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)故(gu)城列入(ru)(ru)“十(shi)一五(wu)”中央政府引導的大遺址(zhi)保護項(xiang)(xiang)目;2006年(nian)12月15日(ri),臨(lin)淄(zi)(zi)齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)故(gu)都與齊(qi)(qi)王(wang)陵進入(ru)(ru)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家文(wen)(wen)物局公布的《中國(guo)(guo)(guo)世界(jie)文(wen)(wen)化遺產預備名單(dan)(dan)》,列第17位(wei),是山東(dong)省入(ru)(ru)選的單(dan)(dan)列項(xiang)(xiang)目。

排水系統

齊故城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)利用淄(zi)河和(he)(he)(he)系(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)作東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩面的(de)(de)(de)自然(ran)護(hu)(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河。筑城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之時,又在(zai)大(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)外挖筑了人工護(hu)(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕(hao)溝(gou)6140米(mi);小城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)、北(bei)(bei)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)和(he)(he)(he)西(xi)(xi)墻(qiang)南(nan)(nan)(nan)段(接系(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)),挖筑了人工護(hu)(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕(hao)溝(gou)5780米(mi),與淄(zi)河、系(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)相連通(tong),使(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)四面環水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池俱備(bei),構成了一(yi)個完(wan)整的(de)(de)(de)護(hu)(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)網。筑城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)時在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)下(xia)設置(zhi)了精巧而科學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道口(kou)。齊故城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)、小城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設有三大(da)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統,四個排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道口(kou)。1號(hao)(hao)(hao)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統,位(wei)(wei)于小城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)宮(gong)殿區,南(nan)(nan)(nan)起(qi)桓(huan)公臺的(de)(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan),通(tong)過桓(huan)公臺的(de)(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)部和(he)(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)部,向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)穿(chuan)過西(xi)(xi)墻(qiang)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)①號(hao)(hao)(hao)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道口(kou)注(zhu)入系(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),全(quan)長(chang)(chang)700米(mi),寬20米(mi)。2號(hao)(hao)(hao)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統,位(wei)(wei)于大(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)部,由一(yi)條南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)向(xiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溝(gou)和(he)(he)(he)一(yi)條東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)向(xiang)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道組成,南(nan)(nan)(nan)起(qi)小城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)角(jiao),順南(nan)(nan)(nan)高北(bei)(bei)低(di)的(de)(de)(de)地勢直(zhi)通(tong)大(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)墻(qiang)西(xi)(xi)部的(de)(de)(de)②號(hao)(hao)(hao)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)注(zhu)入北(bei)(bei)墻(qiang)外護(hu)(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕(hao),全(quan)長(chang)(chang)2800米(mi),寬30米(mi),深3米(mi)左(zuo)右。東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)向(xiang)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溝(gou)是在(zai)這(zhe)條南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溝(gou)的(de)(de)(de)北(bei)(bei)段向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)分出一(yi)支流,流向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)通(tong)過大(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)墻(qiang)北(bei)(bei)部的(de)(de)(de)③號(hao)(hao)(hao)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道口(kou)流入系(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),長(chang)(chang)1000米(mi),寬20米(mi)左(zuo)右。這(zhe)一(yi)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統承擔著大(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內絕(jue)大(da)部分的(de)(de)(de)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)(he)積(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)泄。3號(hao)(hao)(hao)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統,位(wei)(wei)于大(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)部,長(chang)(chang)約800米(mi),起(qi)點(dian)不明,止于大(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)(dong)墻(qiang)北(bei)(bei)段的(de)(de)(de)④號(hao)(hao)(hao)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道口(kou),流入淄(zi)河。

1979年,文物(wu)考古部門對③號排(pai)水(shui)道口(kou)進(jin)行了發掘清理。發現此段城(cheng)墻(qiang)墻(qiang)基寬40米(mi),排(pai)水(shui)道口(kou)建在城(cheng)墻(qiang)下,排(pai)水(shui)道口(kou)呈東西向(xiang),用自(zi)然(ran)青石(shi)(shi)壘(lei)砌構筑,總(zong)長42米(mi),寬7至10.5米(mi)左右。由進(jin)水(shui)道、過水(shui)道、出水(shui)道三部分構成。過水(shui)道用石(shi)(shi)塊構筑出15個方形小過水(shui)孔(kong),水(shui)孔(kong)分上、中(zhong)、下三層,每層5孔(kong),水(shui)經石(shi)(shi)隙(xi)而過,人卻不能(neng)通(tong)過,既能(neng)排(pai)水(shui)又能(neng)御敵,建造十分科學。

交通干道

故(gu)城大(da)(da)(da)(da)、小(xiao)城內(nei)發(fa)現10條(tiao)干(gan)(gan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),其中(zhong)小(xiao)城內(nei)有3條(tiao),大(da)(da)(da)(da)城內(nei)有7條(tiao)。小(xiao)城內(nei)干(gan)(gan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao):東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)側門(men)大(da)(da)(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),現保存約1200米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)門(men)大(da)(da)(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),長(chang)約650米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)17米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);北(bei)(bei)門(men)大(da)(da)(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),南(nan)伸尚(shang)存1430米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)6至8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)城內(nei)干(gan)(gan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao):東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)部南(nan)北(bei)(bei)干(gan)(gan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),自南(nan)墻東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)門(men)通(tong)向東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei),全長(chang)3300余(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);中(zhong)部南(nan)北(bei)(bei)干(gan)(gan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),全長(chang)4400米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);北(bei)(bei)部東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)干(gan)(gan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),自東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)門(men)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)行(xing)(xing)偏西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei),直至西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)墻,長(chang)約3600米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)15米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右;北(bei)(bei)墻西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)門(men)大(da)(da)(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),南(nan)伸,與(yu)(yu)北(bei)(bei)部東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)干(gan)(gan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)相接,現存650米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)多(duo);中(zhong)部東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)干(gan)(gan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),長(chang)2500多(duo)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)17米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右;西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)門(men)大(da)(da)(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)伸約1000米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)至20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。此外,在離南(nan)墻200至300米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處有一條(tiao)與(yu)(yu)南(nan)墻平(ping)行(xing)(xing)的道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)路,長(chang)約1900米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)4至6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)墻附近與(yu)(yu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)墻平(ping)行(xing)(xing)的南(nan)北(bei)(bei)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)路,南(nan)通(tong)小(xiao)城北(bei)(bei)門(men),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)4至6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。除后兩條(tiao)和小(xiao)城北(bei)(bei)門(men)干(gan)(gan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)可能是晚期(qi)(qi)的道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)路外,其余(yu)均為(wei)故(gu)城早期(qi)(qi)的主(zhu)要(yao)交(jiao)通(tong)干(gan)(gan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)城的兩條(tiao)南(nan)北(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)與(yu)(yu)兩條(tiao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)在東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)部相交(jiao)叉,形成一“井”字形,這一帶應(ying)是都城中(zhong)最(zui)繁(fan)華的市(shi)井中(zhong)心(xin)。

文物價值

臨(lin)(lin)淄(zi)齊國故(gu)城(cheng)有規模龐大、保存(cun)完(wan)整的城(cheng)建(jian)設(she)施(shi)、宮殿建(jian)筑遺址(zhi)、手工(gong)業作坊遺址(zhi)和墓葬區,這在其他先秦(qin)王都(dou)遺址(zhi)中極為罕見。臨(lin)(lin)淄(zi)齊國故(gu)城(cheng)遺址(zhi)規模龐大,都(dou)城(cheng)各功能分區均保存(cun)完(wan)整,雖歷(li)經三千多年風(feng)雨,仍可(ke)清(qing)晰(xi)的窺其“海內名都(dou)”的風(feng)采。在眾多的先秦(qin)國都(dou)遺址(zhi)中,臨(lin)(lin)淄(zi)齊國故(gu)城(cheng)遺址(zhi)保存(cun)較完(wan)整的遺址(zhi)之(zhi)一。 

遺址保護

1964~1966年(nian),省文物部門(men)對(dui)齊故城(cheng)進行了普探和試掘,劃出保護(hu)范圍和一(yi)般保護(hu)范圍,樹立了標志,組織起群眾性的保護(hu)網。

1975年(nian)建立臨(lin)淄區(qu)(qu)文物(wu)保(bao)管所,1981年(nian)建立臨(lin)淄區(qu)(qu)文物(wu)管理委員會(hui)。

1981~1983年,對(dui)“桓(huan)公臺(tai)”、小城(cheng)北(bei)墻遺跡(ji)、“晏(yan)嬰冢(zhong)”、大城(cheng)西墻排水(shui)道口(kou)、殉馬坑以及城(cheng)外的“三(san)士冢(zhong)”遺跡(ji)和(he)墓(mu)葬進行維護,樹立了(le)標(biao)志說明。

齊國故城遺址博物館

齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)故城(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址博物館(guan)位(wei)于齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)故城(cheng)(cheng)宮(gong)(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址東部(bu),于1984年建(jian)(jian)立。是(shi)以齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)故城(cheng)(cheng)大城(cheng)(cheng)與小城(cheng)(cheng)相互銜接(jie)的(de)(de)特殊形(xing)(xing)制作外形(xing)(xing),青磚砌壘,形(xing)(xing)似(si)古代城(cheng)(cheng)堡。總(zong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面積(ji)2600平方米,頂高15米,四周有宮(gong)(gong)殿(dian)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)遺(yi)址桓公臺、齊(qi)(qi)(qi)故城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)墻遺(yi)址、排(pai)水(shui)道口、東周墓(mu)殉馬坑、孔子聞韶(shao)(shao)處、晏(yan)嬰墓(mu)、三(san)士(shi)冢、稷下學宮(gong)(gong)、營丘故城(cheng)(cheng)等(deng)眾(zhong)多遺(yi)址。齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)故城(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址博物館(guan)的(de)(de)基本陳(chen)列是(shi)《齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)陳(chen)列》。該陳(chen)列1997年完成,陳(chen)列面積(ji)1500平方米。內分14個(ge)展(zhan)廳(ting),有序廳(ting)、龍山廳(ting)、西周廳(ting)、春秋廳(ting)、韶(shao)(shao)樂廳(ting)、武威廳(ting)、城(cheng)(cheng)郭廳(ting)、科技廳(ting)、秦(qin)漢廳(ting)等(deng)15個(ge)展(zhan)廳(ting),展(zhan)柜21個(ge),壁龕6個(ge),異型展(zhan)柜2個(ge),展(zhan)出先齊(qi)(qi)(qi)至秦(qin)漢時期重要(yao)(yao)文(wen)(wen)物308件(jian)(套),復(fu)制文(wen)(wen)物35件(jian)(套),圖表(biao)13塊,壁畫12幅,照片50張,歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)名人雕塑(su)(su)8個(ge)。通過(guo)300多件(jian)珍貴文(wen)(wen)物和(he)大量(liang)的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)獻(xian)資(zi)料、模型、沙盤、雕塑(su)(su)、照片、圖表(biao)等(deng),全面介(jie)紹了齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)的(de)(de)政(zheng)治、經濟、文(wen)(wen)化(hua)、藝術、科技、軍事和(he)禮俗,記述了齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)的(de)(de)產生(sheng)、發展(zhan)、興盛、衰亡史(shi)(shi)(shi);反映了齊(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)在(zai)華(hua)夏文(wen)(wen)化(hua)中所(suo)占的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)地位(wei)。內部(bu)裝飾古樸(pu)、典雅,與齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)十分吻合(he)、協(xie)調。在(zai)內容和(he)形(xing)(xing)式設計上可以使(shi)人們在(zai)輕松(song)歡悅的(de)(de)氣氛下了解(jie)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi),增(zeng)長知識,接(jie)受(shou)教育,受(shou)到啟(qi)迪。

臨淄齊國故城考古遺址公園

2015年臨(lin)淄齊國故(gu)城考古遺(yi)址(zhi)公園正式(shi)開建,曲阜(fu)三孔古建筑工(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)理處作為施工(gong)單(dan)位、山東(dong)海岱文化(hua)遺(yi)產保護咨詢服務(wu)中心(xin)作為監理單(dan)位已進駐東(dong)周殉馬(ma)坑保護展示(shi)工(gong)程(cheng)現場,臨(lin)淄齊國故(gu)城考古遺(yi)址(zhi)公園正式(shi)開工(gong)建設。

據了(le)解(jie),齊國故城(cheng)(cheng)考古遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)公園(yuan)建設主要(yao)包括(kuo)考古勘(kan)探、環境(jing)整治、保護展(zhan)示(shi)(shi)、展(zhan)示(shi)(shi)道路(lu)建設、遺(yi)產價值闡釋、游客服務設施(shi)、植物(wu)配置工(gong)(gong)程、基礎設施(shi)工(gong)(gong)程等內容(rong)。主要(yao)有以桓公臺為核心(xin)的(de)宮殿遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、以大小城(cheng)(cheng)交界處(chu)為中(zhong)心(xin)的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、以冶煉遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)為中(zhong)心(xin)的(de)手工(gong)(gong)業作坊遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、大城(cheng)(cheng)東墻(qiang)及淄河(he)、排水道口、殉馬坑、孔子聞韶處(chu)、晏嬰墓(mu)、游客中(zhong)心(xin)等保護展(zhan)示(shi)(shi)服務區(qu)。考古遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)公園(yuan)建設資(zi)(zi)金由國家專(zhuan)項(xiang)資(zi)(zi)金和地方配套(tao)資(zi)(zi)金解(jie)決。自2013年至(zhi)今(jin)已(yi)爭取國家專(zhuan)項(xiang)資(zi)(zi)金7914萬元(yuan),區(qu)財政(zheng)配套(tao)2600萬元(yuan)。在實施(shi)東周殉馬坑、大城(cheng)(cheng)東墻(qiang)排水道保護展(zhan)示(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)程的(de)同時,臨淄區(qu)文(wen)物(wu)管理局積(ji)極儲備了(le)后續項(xiang)目,啟動了(le)冶鑄(zhu)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、宮殿遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、小城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)、淄河(he)店二號墓(mu)保護展(zhan)示(shi)(shi)方案及施(shi)工(gong)(gong)圖設計(ji),遄臺、三士冢、大城(cheng)(cheng)東墻(qiang)展(zhan)示(shi)(shi)及環境(jing)整治立項(xiang)報告已(yi)報國家文(wen)物(wu)局。

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