唐以前,講武城(cheng)遺址稱武城(cheng)。
宋代以后(hou),武(wu)(wu)城改(gai)稱(cheng)講(jiang)武(wu)(wu)城。
1958年,在講武城(cheng)遺址火車站附(fu)近進行部分發掘(jue)。
講(jiang)武城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi),位于(yu)河(he)(he)北(bei)省邯鄲市(shi)磁(ci)縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)(nan)漳(zhang)(zhang)河(he)(he)北(bei)岸講(jiang)武城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村西(xi)面和(he)南(nan)(nan)面,南(nan)(nan)達(da)鄭衛(wei),北(bei)通燕趙(zhao),原是南(nan)(nan)北(bei)長,東西(xi)窄(zhai)(zhai),因南(nan)(nan)部被漳(zhang)(zhang)河(he)(he)沖毀(hui),殘存遺址(zhi)則(ze)相(xiang)反為東西(xi)寬(kuan),南(nan)(nan)北(bei)窄(zhai)(zhai);南(nan)(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)被漳(zhang)(zhang)水沖沒,西(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)與東城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)各被沖毀(hui)一(yi)部分,北(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)還(huan)有(you)7段,遺址(zhi)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)寬(kuan)為17-26米,墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體寬(kuan)處(chu)大約有(you)9米,窄(zhai)(zhai)處(chu)僅有(you)3-4米,高處(chu)近9米;從城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的東北(bei)角(jiao)至西(xi)北(bei)角(jiao)長1169米,東墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)殘存200米,西(xi)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)尚(shang)存920米,墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)址(zhi)殘高2-9米,上寬(kuan)6.5米,均為黃土堆(dui)積而成(cheng),在土層中間散落著(zhu)很多(duo)貝殼(ke)。
講武城遺(yi)址(zhi)文化堆積上為(wei)東(dong)漢文化層(ceng),下為(wei)戰國(guo)文化層(ceng),個別地方還(huan)有較(jiao)早(zao)的文化層(ceng),出(chu)土(tu)遺(yi)物有石(shi)虎(hu)雕刻(ke)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、石(shi)斧(fu)、石(shi)錛、白(bai)(bai)釉(you)覆蓮罐、陶(tao)(tao)俑、繩紋筒瓦和板瓦等;石(shi)虎(hu)雕刻(ke)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),為(wei)北朝時(shi)期墓葬前(qian)神道石(shi)刻(ke)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),又(you)稱(cheng)石(shi)虎(hu)坑,虎(hu)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)呈(cheng)現蹲坐狀,頭部略有損毀,整(zheng)體保存較(jiao)好,高約(yue)1.9米(mi),底長約(yue)1.6米(mi),重約(yue)4噸,4肢(zhi)襯以羽翅紋;白(bai)(bai)釉(you)覆蓮罐,胎呈(cheng)白(bai)(bai)色(se),有4系,施白(bai)(bai)釉(you),釉(you)上還(huan)點綴有綠彩(cai)和黃(huang)彩(cai),為(wei)“齊(qi)三彩(cai)”;陶(tao)(tao)俑大到眼耳鼻口,小到眉毛、胡(hu)子(zi)和唇紅都清晰可見,特(te)殊部分陶(tao)(tao)俑的耳朵用黃(huang)金包裹涂抹。
磁(ci)縣是殷(yin)都、趙都、鄴都“三都”文(wen)化交匯之(zhi)地。其(qi)中,講武城遺址(zhi)位于磁(ci)縣城南10公里的漳河北(bei)岸,是歷代兵家必(bi)爭之(zhi)地,保存有部(bu)分城墻(qiang),具(ju)有重要的歷史(shi)、文(wen)物和藝(yi)術價值。
2006年5月25日,講武城遺址被中華人(ren)(ren)民(min)共(gong)和國(guo)國(guo)務院公布為第(di)六(liu)批全(quan)國(guo)重點文物保(bao)(bao)護單位;2010年11月1日,由河(he)北(bei)省人(ren)(ren)民(min)政府設立(li)保(bao)(bao)護范圍:東(dong)、西、北(bei)均以(yi)城墻基(ji)外(wai)沿(yan)為基(ji)線,各(ge)向(xiang)(xiang)外(wai)擴60米,南(nan)以(yi)斷崖(ya)為界(jie),其東(dong)西長1439米,南(nan)北(bei)寬1410米;建(jian)設控制地(di)帶(dai):以(yi)保(bao)(bao)護范圍為基(ji)線,東(dong)、西、北(bei)各(ge)向(xiang)(xiang)外(wai)擴30米,南(nan)向(xiang)(xiang)外(wai)擴50米,均至(zhi)農田。
三國時期,曹(cao)(cao)操在官渡以(yi)少(shao)勝多,擊敗袁紹后,占據(ju)鄴(ye)城(cheng)(cheng),大規(gui)模地興建土木建筑,在城(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)漳(zhang)(zhang)河大修玄武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)池(chi)以(yi)保水(shui)(shui)路(lu)安全(quan),在城(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)要道經(jing)(jing)營(ying)講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)抵御陸(lu)路(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)敵,如(ru)此(ci)水(shui)(shui)陸(lu)設(she)防(fang),拱衛鄴(ye)都(dou)。曹(cao)(cao)操的兵馬(ma)經(jing)(jing)常(chang)在講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)活動(dong),把講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)作(zuo)為培養武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)將的基地,據(ju)說(shuo)(shuo)曹(cao)(cao)操曾經(jing)(jing)講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)演講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)事(shi)(shi)戰術,講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)名由此(ci)而來(lai)。《魏書》中(zhong)記(ji)載:“太祖御軍(jun)三十余(yu)年,手不舍書。書則講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)策(ce),夜(ye)則思經(jing)(jing)傳。”講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)村南(nan)(nan)的村子叫南(nan)(nan)營(ying),之(zhi)(zhi)前叫講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)營(ying),據(ju)說(shuo)(shuo)是當年曹(cao)(cao)操駐軍(jun)的兵營(ying)。”宋(song)代洪(hong)皓(hao)《講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)》詩:“……曹(cao)(cao)公走熙尚,氣欲陵韓(han)白。欺取計已成(cheng)(cheng),軍(jun)容(rong)漫輝赫。跨(kua)漳(zhang)(zhang)筑大城(cheng)(cheng)……四陵寄遺(yi)恨(hen),講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)存陳跡。”詩中(zhong)說(shuo)(shuo)的就是曹(cao)(cao)操在講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)筑城(cheng)(cheng)、屯軍(jun)、練兵的事(shi)(shi)情。《漢書·地理志》記(ji)載:“鄴(ye)有……武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)”,《水(shui)(shui)經(jing)(jing)注》也(ye)記(ji)載:“漳(zhang)(zhang)水(shui)(shui)又東經(jing)(jing)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)(nan)”。曹(cao)(cao)操去世后,在講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)外布(bu)72疑(yi)冢(zhong)。南(nan)(nan)宋(song)詩人范成(cheng)(cheng)大寫詩《七十二冢(zhong)》:“一棺何用冢(zhong)如(ru)林,誰復(fu)如(ru)公負此(ci)心。聞說(shuo)(shuo)北(bei)人為封土,世間隨事(shi)(shi)有知音。”范成(cheng)(cheng)大還專門給詩作(zuo)了注:“七十二冢(zhong)在講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)外,曹(cao)(cao)操疑(yi)冢(zhong)也(ye)。森然彌(mi)望,北(bei)人比常(chang)增封之(zhi)(zhi)。”
門票
講武城遺址門票(piao)免(mian)費。
開放時間
講武城遺址開放時間(jian)為全天。
交通線路
途經講武城遺址的公交(jiao)線路(lu)(lu)有邯鄲公交(jiao)902路(lu)(lu)。