常(chang)(chang)州(zhou)(zhou)吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)迄今為(wei)止，已有(you)(you)三(san)千(qian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)承歷(li)史。考察(cha)其(qi)源流(liu)(liu)，最(zui)早(zao)(zao)可(ke)以(yi)追溯到先(xian)(xian)秦時(shi)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)地(di)(di)吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)唱(chang)（吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)），肇始于(yu)戰國(guo)時(shi)代，經(jing)唐宋發展，明(ming)清走(zou)向繁盛。常(chang)(chang)州(zhou)(zhou)古屬吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)地(di)(di)，吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)概念(nian)最(zui)先(xian)(xian)源于(yu)春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)后期(qi)五霸之一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)國(guo)，當時(shi)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)疆域(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)致在今天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蘇南(nan)太湖流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)、浙北地(di)(di)區和皖東地(di)(di)區，狹義上的(de)(de)(de)(de)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)地(di)(di)一(yi)般就是(shi)指的(de)(de)(de)(de)蘇南(nan)地(di)(di)區（蘇錫(xi)常(chang)(chang)）。關于(yu)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)有(you)(you)許多(duo)(duo)記載(zai)，最(zui)早(zao)(zao)出現在《戰國(guo)策·秦策二》：“臣(chen)不知(zhi)其(qi)思(si)與不思(si)。誠思(si)則將吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，今軫將為(wei)王吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。”吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)地(di)(di)獨(du)特的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)和人(ren)文(wen)(wen)地(di)(di)理，也造就了(le)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)地(di)(di)獨(du)特的(de)(de)(de)(de)音樂、語言(yan)(yan)(yan)和文(wen)(wen)學(xue)藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)，吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)基于(yu)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)地(di)(di)方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)，有(you)(you)獨(du)特的(de)(de)(de)(de)音調(diao)，李白在他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)詩文(wen)(wen)中(zhong)多(duo)(duo)次(ci)提到“吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)歌)”，“我(wo)有(you)(you)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)趨曲,無人(ren)知(zhi)此音”(《贈薛校書》)、“試發清秋(qiu)興(xing)(xing),因為(wei)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)會(hui)吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)”(《送麹十(shi)少府》)、“昨(zuo)夜誰為(wei)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)會(hui)吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)?風生萬壑(he)振空林”(《夜泊黃(huang)山聞殷十(shi)四吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)》)等(deng)。所以(yi)，后人(ren)說“平頭均(jun)楚制，長耳嗣(si)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)”。 常(chang)(chang)州(zhou)(zhou)吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)與江南(nan)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)地(di)(di)先(xian)(xian)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產生活(huo)方(fang)式(shi)密不可(ke)分，既(ji)凝聚了(le)常(chang)(chang)州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)文(wen)(wen)歷(li)史，又飽(bao)含著先(xian)(xian)輩們的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)基因。據載(zai)，盛唐時(shi)常(chang)(chang)州(zhou)(zhou)有(you)(you)著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“茶山境會(hui)”，宋代時(shi)常(chang)(chang)州(zhou)(zhou)每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)春(chun)(chun)季借“勸農”之機舉(ju)行(xing)“春(chun)(chun)游詩酒會(hui)”，明(ming)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候常(chang)(chang)州(zhou)(zhou)亦(yi)有(you)(you)“詩酒藝(yi)(yi)會(hui)”。但隨著科(ke)舉(ju)制和私塾的(de)(de)(de)(de)消亡(wang)，傳(chuan)(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)為(wei)西(xi)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)朗(lang)誦(song)(song)取(qu)代，漸(jian)趨沉(chen)寂(ji)。有(you)(you)幸的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)，在上世紀20年(nian)(nian)(nian)代國(guo)學(xue)大(da)師趙(zhao)元任先(xian)(xian)生首次(ci)研究(jiu)吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)，1971年(nian)(nian)(nian)趙(zhao)元任先(xian)(xian)生在美國(guo)康奈爾大(da)學(xue)舉(ju)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“中(zhong)國(guo)演唱(chang)文(wen)(wen)藝(yi)(yi)研究(jiu)會(hui)”活(huo)動中(zhong)，主講《各種(zhong)不同形(xing)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)》，并用常(chang)(chang)州(zhou)(zhou)方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)示范吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)了(le)多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)不同形(xing)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)古詩文(wen)(wen)，并錄唱(chang)片，為(wei)后來的(de)(de)(de)(de)常(chang)(chang)州(zhou)(zhou)吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)再次(ci)興(xing)(xing)起留下了(le)火種(zhong)。近(jin)現代以(yi)來，“常(chang)(chang)州(zhou)(zhou)吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)”領域(yu)(yu)(yu)擁(yong)有(you)(you)諸多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)名(ming)家，先(xian)(xian)后出現了(le)趙(zhao)元任、周有(you)(you)光(guang)、鄒宗浩、丁彥(yan)士、吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)玉良、史肇美、何祖述、陸汝挺、屠(tu)岸、羊淇、史曼倩、錢璱之、鄒醒(xing)國(guo)、惲正(zheng)平、羊漢等(deng)一(yi)批代表性人(ren)物(wu)，其(qi)影(ying)響遍及(ji)海內外華(hua)人(ren)界與深受中(zhong)華(hua)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)影(ying)響的(de)(de)(de)(de)日本、韓(han)國(guo)及(ji)東南(nan)亞地(di)(di)區。近(jin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)來，常(chang)(chang)州(zhou)(zhou)加大(da)了(le)非(fei)物(wu)質(zhi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)遺產保(bao)護的(de)(de)(de)(de)力度，成立了(le)常(chang)(chang)州(zhou)(zhou)吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)協會(hui)，促進(jin)了(le)研究(jiu)和傳(chuan)(chuan)承工(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)深入。
東(dong)漢(han)以(yi)前(qian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)歌(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)誦(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)，是(shi)(shi)否有(you)(you)(you)(you)吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)尚不明。盡(jin)管(guan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)個別文(wen)(wen)獻提(ti)到(dao)了吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，但是(shi)(shi)語焉不詳。東(dong)漢(han)以(yi)后(hou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)歌(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)有(you)(you)(you)(you)誦(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)。凡詩(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)皆(jie)可(ke)吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)，歷代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歌(ge)詩(shi)(shi)(詩(shi)(shi)、騷、樂(le)府(fu)、詞、曲等)在不能(neng)歌(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，亦用吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)傳(chuan)(chuan)承(cheng)。凡文(wen)(wen)人(ren)皆(jie)會吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)，唱和酬答，教(jiao)育(yu)學(xue)(xue)習，皆(jie)用吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)。歷史上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)很(hen)多吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)名家，如(ru)謝安(an)、王陽明等。明清兩朝，吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)尤為(wei)發(fa)達，更(geng)為(wei)學(xue)(xue)習詩(shi)(shi)詞文(wen)(wen)賦和八股(gu)文(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)(fa)。桐城(cheng)派(pai)創(chuang)其(qi)獨特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)法(fa)(fa)，倡導“因聲求(qiu)氣”，其(qi)法(fa)(fa)流傳(chuan)(chuan)至今。吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)主要(yao)通(tong)過古(gu)(gu)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)育(yu)系統(tong)(私塾和公學(xue)(xue)，前(qian)者為(wei)主)傳(chuan)(chuan)承(cheng)。老(lao)師把對詩(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理解，灌注在吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中，整個兒傳(chuan)(chuan)給學(xue)(xue)生。所(suo)(suo)謂(wei)讀(du)書聲，即吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)聲。一(yi)般有(you)(you)(you)(you)吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)有(you)(you)(you)(you)誦(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)，詩(shi)(shi)詞多吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)而文(wen)(wen)賦多誦(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)。吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)在古(gu)(gu)代，是(shi)(shi)如(ru)同識字、寫字一(yi)樣，是(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)(ben)技能(neng)，只(zhi)要(yao)上(shang)過幾(ji)年(nian)私塾，就會吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)。因此，幾(ji)乎沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)人(ren)專門研究(jiu)吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)，幾(ji)乎沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)關于吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專門論述。我們(men)對古(gu)(gu)代教(jiao)育(yu)普及程度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)印(yin)象也有(you)(you)(you)(you)偏差。在古(gu)(gu)代，農村(cun)普遍有(you)(you)(you)(you)族館(guan)村(cun)學(xue)(xue)，一(yi)般為(wei)三年(nian)義務教(jiao)育(yu)制，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)一(yi)些(xie)農民也會吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)。鄉鎮以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方，婦女也多可(ke)讀(du)家館(guan)。文(wen)(wen)盲率竄(cuan)升(sheng)，乃(nai)近代以(yi)后(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，實是(shi)(shi)新學(xue)(xue)堂勃(bo)興之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，師資不繼，而私塾消亡，所(suo)(suo)造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)惡果。吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)是(shi)(shi)完全(quan)口傳(chuan)(chuan)心授，純粹的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)口頭非物質(zhi)文(wen)(wen)化。因此吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)也無定調，也無曲譜。日本(ben)(ben)、朝鮮(xian)、越南等國，皆(jie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)漢(han)詩(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)，傳(chuan)(chuan)承(cheng)達千年(nian)以(yi)上(shang)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)用轉(zhuan)讀(du)音吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)用漢(han)語吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)用本(ben)(ben)國語吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，各分(fen)流派(pai)。其(qi)吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)調也有(you)(you)(you)(you)雅(ya)俗樂(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)別。
同(tong)時，吟(yin)(yin)(yin)誦也是一(yi)種(zhong)語言(yan)形式(shi)，吟(yin)(yin)(yin)誦其實是吟(yin)(yin)(yin)和誦的合稱，吟(yin)(yin)(yin)，即(ji)吟(yin)(yin)(yin)詠；誦，即(ji)誦讀。古代詩詞文(wen)賦大部分是使用吟(yin)(yin)(yin)誦方式(shi)創作，作為文(wen)化的有(you)聲傳承方式(shi)，吟(yin)(yin)(yin)誦既不同(tong)于朗(lang)誦，又不同(tong)于一(yi)般的歌唱。
趙元任首開以音樂(le)為視(shi)角對吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)進行理論研究的先河，親自進行吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)錄音，記寫《靜夜思》、《楓橋夜泊》、《長恨(hen)歌(ge)(ge)》、《江城子(zi)》等著名詩詞(ci)名篇的吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)樂(le)譜，并頗(po)具(ju)匠(jiang)心地運用(yong)吟(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)誦(song)(song)音調(diao)創作了《瓶花》、《聽雨》等歌(ge)(ge)曲。
吟(yin)誦是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國優秀的非物(wu)質文化(hua)遺產代表作，是公(gong)認的中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國文化(hua)獨(du)特魅力之一，在國際上享有很(hen)高的聲(sheng)譽。不僅華人吟(yin)誦，在日(ri)本(ben)、韓國、越南等很(hen)多(duo)國家中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，吟(yin)誦漢詩的傳(chuan)統也一直流傳(chuan)不衰。但是，作為吟(yin)誦之根(gen)，遠為豐(feng)厚璀璨的中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華吟(yin)誦卻幾乎(hu)沒(mei)有了傳(chuan)承(cheng)。
吟誦(song)通過(guo)私塾和官學教育體系口傳(chuan)心授，流傳(chuan)至今。吟誦(song)的內(nei)容是經典(dian)和詩(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)，吟誦(song)的形式(shi)是依(yi)照漢語的特點(dian)和詩(shi)詞(ci)格律而進行，從內(nei)到外，都是中華文(wen)(wen)(wen)明精神的結晶，體現(xian)著大雅君子(zi)風范。它(ta)是中國傳(chuan)統(tong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)尤(you)其是儒家禮樂(le)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)的重要(yao)組成部分。常州吟誦(song)作為(wei)一(yi)(yi)項國家級非物質文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)遺產，是一(yi)(yi)種集詩(shi)詞(ci)、音(yin)樂(le)、語言于一(yi)(yi)體的藝術形式(shi)，具有跨學科(ke)的研究價(jia)值和傳(chuan)承性的保護(hu)價(jia)值。
巧(qiao)笑倩(qian)兮
】編輯上傳(chuan)提供，當前頁面所展示的詞條介紹涉及宣傳(chuan)內(nei)容屬于注冊用戶個人編輯行為，網站(zhan)不完(wan)全(quan)保(bao)證內(nei)容信息的準確性(xing)(xing)、真實性(xing)(xing)，也(ye)不代表(biao)本站(zhan)立場。
