芒果视频

相關典籍

相傳(chuan)(chuan)，嘗取(qu)石(shi)脂于(yu)此。左思《吳都(dou)賦》云："赤須(xu)子(zi)蟬蛻而附麗。"赤須(xu)子(zi)，道(dao)教傳(chuan)(chuan)說中的神仙。《文選》李善注引《列仙傳(chuan)(chuan)》云："赤須(xu)子(zi)，豐人(ren)也，秦穆公之主魚(yu)吏也。數道(dao)豐界災(zai)異(yi)水旱，十(shi)不失一。食柏實、石(shi)脂，絕谷。齒落(luo)更生，細發復出。后去之吳山。"赤須(xu)子(zi)本非吳人(ren)，故(gu)曰"附麗"于(yu)此。

上真觀的歷史

穹(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)窿(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)歷(li)史悠久，據《穹(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)窿(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)志(zhi)》載(zai)，漢代(dai)(dai)初(chu)元年間(jian)(jian)，出(chu)身(shen)望族的茅(mao)(mao)盈、茅(mao)(mao)固、茅(mao)(mao)衷兄弟三(san)(san)人(ren)上(shang)(shang)(shang)穹(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)窿(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)修煉皆得道(dao)(dao)，合稱三(san)(san)茅(mao)(mao)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)君(jun)，曾修茅(mao)(mao)君(jun)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)，留有(you)"斷碑"殘(can)跡(ji)，至漢平帝時(shi)(shi)，始(shi)建(jian)道(dao)(dao)院(yuan)。據《光福志(zhi)》，宋(song)天禧年間(jian)(jian)，真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)宗(zong)詔(zhao)天復廢業重建(jian)穹(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)窿(long)(long)上(shang)(shang)(shang)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)道(dao)(dao)院(yuan)為觀(guan)(guan)(guan)。"天復"為唐(tang)昭宗(zong)年號，可見在唐(tang)代(dai)(dai)穹(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)窿(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)已有(you)道(dao)(dao)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)。南宋(song)時(shi)(shi)，敕平江西郊拓(tuo)地八百畝創朝真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)，穹(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)窿(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)道(dao)(dao)院(yuan)沈道(dao)(dao)祥為開(kai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)祖。元末，殿(dian)(dian)(dian)宇遭火焚而毀。明初(chu)，穹(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)窿(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)有(you)上(shang)(shang)(shang)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)，殿(dian)(dian)(dian)宇頗多，香火極盛。清(qing)初(chu)順(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)年間(jian)(jian)，穹(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)窿(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)著(zhu)名道(dao)(dao)士(shi)施道(dao)(dao)淵棲穹(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)窿(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茅(mao)(mao)君(jun)故宮(gong)，鳩材修葺(qi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)堂，不數年，初(chu)其建(jian)筑(zhu)群體。施曾從王(wang)常月受戒，為全真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)龍(long)門(men)派第八代(dai)(dai)，后改宗(zong)正(zheng)一(yi)(yi)，開(kai)創穹(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)窿(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)支派，于是聲名顯赫，四(si)方征請。(《金蓋心燈》)順(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)五年，敕賜上(shang)(shang)(shang)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)院(yuan)額，康熙初(chu)年又(you)修筑(zhu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)帝、三(san)(san)茅(mao)(mao)二(er)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)及諸配(pei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)，建(jian)井泉于山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)。五十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)年，重修各殿(dian)(dian)(dian)。六十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)年有(you)三(san)(san)茅(mao)(mao)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)君(jun)埏嗣以(yi)自置田(tian)捐(juan)獻，為永遠修建(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)費。乾(qian)隆年間(jian)(jian)，又(you)有(you)郡人(ren)修上(shang)(shang)(shang)帝、三(san)(san)茅(mao)(mao)二(er)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)，有(you)姓金者捐(juan)建(jian)大士(shi)閣(ge)。乾(qian)隆元年，有(you)里中(zhong)富人(ren)重建(jian)仙師門(men)樓，置修葺(qi)田(tian)入(ru)其院(yuan)。七年又(you)有(you)里人(ren)捐(juan)修各殿(dian)(dian)(dian)。據《玄(xuan)(xuan)妙(miao)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)志(zhi)》載(zai)：清(qing)初(chu)順(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)，龍(long)虎山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)五十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)代(dai)(dai)天師張(zhang)洪(hong)任(ren)游訪(fang)穹(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)窿(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，清(qing)廷賜額"上(shang)(shang)(shang)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)"，并(bing)賜穹(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)窿(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)道(dao)(dao)士(shi)施道(dao)(dao)淵號"養元抱一(yi)(yi)宣教演化法(fa)師"。清(qing)顧詒祿《鐵竹道(dao)(dao)人(ren)畫像》云："時(shi)(shi)吳中(zhong)道(dao)(dao)院(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)盛，首推(tui)穹(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)窿(long)(long)。郡城玄(xuan)(xuan)妙(miao)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)，殿(dian)(dian)(dian)宇巍(wei)然(ran)。年久殿(dian)(dian)(dian)傾(qing)，太傅金文通公延請道(dao)(dao)淵主觀(guan)(guan)(guan)復修。"可見當時(shi)(shi)穹(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)窿(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)盛已超(chao)過(guo)了玄(xuan)(xuan)妙(miao)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)。

清朝末(mo)年，上真(zhen)觀殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang)軒(xuan)閣(ge)(ge)，有房(fang)二千余(yu)間，分(fen)三十六房(fang)分(fen)管，有宮(gong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)軒(xuan)閣(ge)(ge)堂(tang)四十余(yu)座。如(ru)天(tian)妃(fei)宮(gong)、祖師殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、玉皇殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、三清殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、三元殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、三茅殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、關帝(di)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、純陽殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(呂(lv)祖殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian))、雷齊殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靈官(guan)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、玄帝(di)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、文昌殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、太乙殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、神(shen)(shen)虎(hu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、星(xing)(xing)宿殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、神(shen)(shen)農殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、龍王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、天(tian)將(jiang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、送子(zi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、五(wu)土(tu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、花(hua)(hua)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、東岳殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、四將(jiang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、火(huo)樨殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、蛇王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、樂王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、財神(shen)(shen)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、火(huo)神(shen)(shen)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、三星(xing)(xing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、都土(tu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、如(ru)意軒(xuan)、斗姆(mu)閣(ge)(ge)、魁星(xing)(xing)閣(ge)(ge)、華仙(xian)(xian)閣(ge)(ge)、七仙(xian)(xian)居、餐花(hua)(hua)居、吉禪房(fang)、養和堂(tang)等等。這些殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇星(xing)(xing)羅棋布，建(jian)筑宏(hong)偉；堂(tang)內神(shen)(shen)像，塑造精巧，形象逼真(zhen)，栩栩如(ru)生。

民國時，穹(qiong)窿(long)(long)山道(dao)(dao)教殿(dian)(dian)宇除關帝殿(dian)(dian)、龍王殿(dian)(dian)、呂祖殿(dian)(dian)、財(cai)神(shen)殿(dian)(dian)等外(wai)，其余均毀(hui)于大火，據(ju)穹(qiong)窿(long)(long)山老(lao)法師姚臥松所述，抗日戰爭期(qi)間，穹(qiong)窿(long)(long)山上真觀尚有道(dao)(dao)士二(er)十余人。"文革"時，殿(dian)(dian)宇全部毀(hui)壞。

自1978年(nian)后，在人民政府的(de)關懷(huai)下，蘇州穹窿山道(dao)教也得到復興。1991年(nian)，上真(zhen)觀(guan)在原址上恢復重建。十多年(nian)來，在道(dao)教信眾的(de)支持下，先(xian)后建起了頭山門、龍王殿(dian)、玉皇殿(dian)、三清殿(dian)、望湖亭等一批道(dao)教建筑和景點。目前，上真(zhen)觀(guan)有道(dao)士10多人。

帝王與上真觀

穹(qiong)(qiong)窿山(shan)上真觀(guan)(guan)自施法師在(zai)順(shun)治(zhi)年(nian)間(jian)擴建后，歷經康熙、道光、同治(zhi)幾(ji)朝修建，規模空前(qian)，"雙闕巍(wei)峨，瓊宮璀璨，危樓杰閣(ge)聳插霄漢(han)，遂(sui)使(shi)茲山(shan)名(ming)勝(sheng)于吳(wu)中。"清順(shun)治(zhi)進士董(dong)含《登穹(qiong)(qiong)窿謁勾(gou)曲行(xing)宮》詩云："山(shan)勢岧峣欲到難，玉真宮殿擁千(qian)官。洞口(kou)斷云朝放鶴，石(shi)根晴樹暮棲鸞。金門羽(yu)客龍(long)泥印，夜禮星(xing)辰(chen)上醮壇。"描繪了當(dang)年(nian)穹(qiong)(qiong)窿山(shan)山(shan)勢高峻、道觀(guan)(guan)宏偉(wei)、醮事香火之盛況。

乾隆皇帝六次南巡，有(you)四(si)次去了上(shang)真(zhen)觀，曾留(liu)詩贊曰："震澤天連水，洞庭西復東(dong)，雙(shuang)眸(mou)望(wang)無盡，諸慮對宜空(kong)；三萬六千(qian)頃，春(chun)風秋月中(zhong)(zhong)，五(wu)車稟精氣，誰詔陸龜(gui)蒙。"此(ci)詩鐫刻立碑于穹窿望(wang)湖亭中(zhong)(zhong)。

施道淵與上真觀

施(shi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)淵，又名亮(liang)(liang)生(sheng)，號鐵竹道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)人(ren)。人(ren)稱(cheng)施(shi)大法(fa)(fa)師(shi)(shi)或施(shi)煉師(shi)(shi)，蘇州(zhou)橫塘人(ren)，出(chu)身(shen)貧寒，13歲上穹窿山(shan)(shan)為道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)人(ren)。爾后下山(shan)(shan)闖蕩(dang)江(jiang)湖，入(ru)李(li)自成部(bu)下，旋為大順(shun)政(zheng)權樞密院(yuan)工作。由于李(li)自成部(bu)發生(sheng)內訌，自相殘(can)殺，導致(zhi)失敗(bai)。于是施(shi)亮(liang)(liang)生(sheng)深(shen)(shen)感世態炎涼，看破(po)紅塵(chen)，復(fu)回穹窿山(shan)(shan)隱居(ju)，深(shen)(shen)居(ju)簡出(chu)，修道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)養身(shen)。當時(shi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)觀已(yi)(yi)(yi)處于衰敗(bai)境地(di)。有(you)一(yi)天(tian)，施(shi)法(fa)(fa)師(shi)(shi)正在念(nian)玉(yu)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)經，當念(nian)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，"敕命東方，東華帝(di)君，青(qing)騎神仙兵馬(ma)，無鞅數(shu)(shu)眾，悉令下降(jiang)，覆護受持，是此經者(zhe)……"時(shi)，恰(qia)巧當時(shi)清(qing)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)朝順(shun)治皇(huang)(huang)(huang)叔裕(yu)親(qin)王到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)蘇州(zhou)盤檢太倉國帑銀兩返京，路過(guo)穹窿山(shan)(shan)麓(lu)，隱約聽(ting)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)山(shan)(shan)上人(ren)聲(sheng)沸騰(teng)，劍聲(sheng)馬(ma)嘶，感到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)好生(sheng)奇怪，此莫非(fei)是大王山(shan)(shan)不(bu)成?倒(dao)是要(yao)看個究竟。他帶了(le)兩個隨從登峰(feng)，到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)山(shan)(shan)頂一(yi)看，只見數(shu)(shu)間(jian)茅屋，里(li)面傳出(chu)木魚雷(lei)音，不(bu)見人(ren)影馬(ma)匹。進屋僅見一(yi)位(wei)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)人(ren)正襟危坐，口中念(nian)念(nian)有(you)詞，已(yi)(yi)(yi)感此人(ren)非(fei)同一(yi)般。良久，皇(huang)(huang)(huang)叔終于認出(chu)是施(shi)法(fa)(fa)師(shi)(shi)，十多年不(bu)見，兩人(ren)親(qin)密無間(jian)，促膝交談。施(shi)法(fa)(fa)師(shi)(shi)說(shuo)自己已(yi)(yi)(yi)看破(po)紅塵(chen)，覺得(de)穹窿山(shan)(shan)能(neng)讓自己清(qing)靜修道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，實是理想之地(di)，不(bu)亦樂(le)乎?裕(yu)親(qin)王說(shuo)："既如此，何不(bu)增建(jian)殿(dian)宇，創其宏(hong)業?"施(shi)法(fa)(fa)師(shi)(shi)一(yi)笑："貧道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)哪(na)有(you)這巨資擴建(jian)。"裕(yu)親(qin)王沉思片刻說(shuo)："只要(yao)施(shi)法(fa)(fa)師(shi)(shi)籌劃何數(shu)(shu)目，終能(neng)實現，不(bu)過(guo)，道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)觀以建(jian)在三(san)(san)茅峰(feng)為妥。"施(shi)法(fa)(fa)師(shi)(shi)點頭(tou)稱(cheng)是。不(bu)久，朝廷撥帑興建(jian)，到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)康熙三(san)(san)年春已(yi)(yi)(yi)建(jian)成26殿(dian)及輔房樓閣數(shu)(shu)千間(jian)。

上真觀交通

上(shang)真觀坐落(luo)于穹窿山(shan)上(shang)，乘(cheng)坐43路、64路公交車(che)均能到達。