大酉洞位(wei)于(yu)酉陽(yang)土家族(zu)(zu)苗族(zu)(zu)自治縣境內,是海(hai)拔670米處的一個大山洞。
大酉(you)洞(dong)(dong)系石灰巖(yan)溶(rong)(rong)洞(dong)(dong),高(gao)、寬約30米(mi),長約180米(mi),上(shang)彎下平,洞(dong)(dong)內溪水(shui)(shui)淙(cong)淙(cong),鐘乳(ru)懸掛,水(shui)(shui)落珠璣。穿洞(dong)(dong)而(er)(er)過,則是(shi)一較完整(zheng)的溶(rong)(rong)斗,巖(yan)壁高(gao)80米(mi),溶(rong)(rong)斗盆(pen)地面(mian)積4公頃。底(di)部(bu)有(you)一終年不枯的泉眼(yan),崖壁上(shang)若干(gan)小溶(rong)(rong)洞(dong)(dong)中,亦有(you)泉水(shui)(shui)飛泄,桃(tao)花(hua)溪匯泉而(er)(er)成(cheng),溪水(shui)(shui)穿大酉(you)洞(dong)(dong)注入酉(you)陽河(he)。據說,從地理、路(lu)線、景(jing)物、歷(li)史、距離、環境(jing)等六個方面(mian)證明,大酉(you)洞(dong)(dong)與(yu)陶淵明《桃(tao)花(hua)源記》原型相(xiang)似(si)。
大酉洞系(xi)一(yi)石灰巖(yan)溶洞。洞高三(san)(san)、四(si)十米(mi)(mi),闊二三(san)(san)十米(mi)(mi),長百余米(mi)(mi),有(you)(you)溪水淙淙,秋冬不(bu)竭(jie),沿洞右側(ce)流(liu)出,注入(ru)酉陽河。溯溪入(ru)洞,兩岸(an)墻立,半里許(xu),豁(huo)然(ran)開朗,別有(you)(you)一(yi)天地(di)。其中田(tian)十余畝,四(si)周環山,皆峭壁,仿佛與(yu)世隔絕(jue)。因此,清(qing)《酉陽州志》稱此洞“與(yu)陶淵明桃(tao)花源(yuan)者,毫厘不(bu)爽”。清(qing)《四(si)川通志》也(ye)說(shuo):“酉陽漢屬武陵郡之(zhi)遷(qian)陵地(di),漁郎所問之(zhi)津(jin),安知不(bu)在于此?惟晉(jin)永嘉之(zhi)后,地(di)沒蠻僚;自宋及明,又世為土司(si)地(di),名(ming)儒(ru)碩彥,游(you)跡罕至,故文獻無征,不(bu)能(neng)正名(ming)為桃(tao)源(yuan)耳。”
大(da)(da)酉洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)上(shang)(shang)穹下平,冬暖(nuan)夏涼。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)頂,鐘乳(ru)懸掛(gua),錯落(luo)有(you)致,水落(luo)珠(zhu)璣,叮咚有(you)聲。乳(ru)石(shi)形態(tai)各異,或人(ren)或物,亦(yi)禽亦(yi)獸,憑游(you)人(ren)之興,隨形賦名(ming)。左(zuo)右(you)石(shi)壁有(you)許多篆刻題(ti)詠,皆因年(nian)代(dai)久(jiu)遠,蝕損莫辨。唯洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)后左(zuo)壁上(shang)(shang),清季酉陽(yang)知州羅(luo)升梧(wu)手書(shu)的(de)(de)“太(tai)古(gu)藏(zang)書(shu)”四(si)個斗大(da)(da)的(de)(de)楷體宇,仍清晰可見(jian)。關于(yu)藏(zang)書(shu)一(yi)事,北(bei)宋《太(tai)平御(yu)覽》卷(juan)四(si)九之《荊州記》記載:“大(da)(da)酉山(shan)上(shang)(shang)石(shi)穴中有(you)書(shu)千卷(juan),相傳(chuan)秦(qin)人(ren)于(yu)此而學,因留(liu)之。”《郡(jun)縣志》:“大(da)(da)酉山(shan)有(you)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),名(ming)大(da)(da)酉。”清乾隆三(san)十年(nian)《辰(chen)州府志》和清道(dao)光《辰(chen)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)縣志》也(ye)(ye)均有(you)詳細記載。1936年(nian)以(yi)前,川湘公路未(wei)修,官路離洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)口約一(yi)華里,從那條自(zi)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中流(liu)(liu)出的(de)(de)小溪(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)石(shi)橋上(shang)(shang)通過(guo)。溪(xi)(xi)(xi)畔桃樹特(te)多,一(yi)到春天(tian),桃花(hua)盛開,落(luo)瑛繽紛,溪(xi)(xi)(xi)水流(liu)(liu)紅。明(ming)代(dai)無名(ming)氏在洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)壁題(ti)刻絕(jue)句一(yi)首:“洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)前流(liu)(liu)水渺漫漫,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)里桃花(hua)漸漸殘。曼倩(qian)不來(lai)漁(yu)父去,道(dao)人(ren)閑倚石(shi)闌干(gan)。”明(ming)季酉陽(yang)宣慰(wei)使冉天(tian)育在詠大(da)(da)酉洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)“八景”的(de)(de)詩(shi)中也(ye)(ye)有(you)“萬山(shan)嶙峋洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)天(tian)幽(you),結酗聯翩作勝游(you)。霄際(ji)松風青靄靄,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)邊桃瓣水悠(you)悠(you)……”都(dou)是詠這“桃澗(jian)流(liu)(liu)紅”勝景的(de)(de)。
大酉(you)洞,在酉(you)陽(yang)城(cheng)近(jin)郊。核其形,與陶淵明“桃花源記(ji)”所記(ji)酷似。
現酉(you)陽縣政府(fu)正(zheng)著手開發大(da)酉(you)洞(dong)風(feng)景區,按《州志》所記恢復(fu)舊貌,根據游覽(lan)需要配以現代(dai)旅游設施,供人們(men)欣賞(shang)游樂。