芒果视频

基本介紹

瓊花(hua)觀，舊稱蕃(fan)(fan)釐(li)觀，宋徽(hui)宗趙佶(ji)賜金(jin)字(zi)匾額題為(wei)“蕃(fan)(fan)釐(li)觀”，后稱“瓊花(hua)觀，是一(yi)(yi)處(chu)始建于(yu)漢(han)代的中(zhong)國傳(chuan)統建筑。位于(yu)江蘇揚州文昌中(zhong)路，是揚州市(shi)著(zhu)名旅游景點(dian)之一(yi)(yi)。曾屢次修繕，今殿宇(yu)已(yi)圮，僅存瓊花(hua)臺，“蕃(fan)(fan)釐(li)觀”石(shi)匾，“玉(yu)鉤洞天”井等遺跡。石(shi)額乃(nai)清代名士劉大觀手書。

景點景觀

現觀(guan)(guan)內(nei)的(de)(de)古(gu)建(jian)筑有(you)(you)由(you)淮南(nan)節度使高(gao)駢于(yu)唐僖宗中(zhong)和(he)二(er)年（公(gong)元882年）所建(jian)三(san)清殿(dian)、歐陽修所建(jian)“無(wu)雙亭(ting)”和(he)一座玉鉤古(gu)井。原有(you)(you)門(men)(men)前(qian)牌坊(fang)(fang)、三(san)清殿(dian)、彌羅寶(bao)閣、文昌(chang)祠、深仁(ren)祠、竹軒花亭(ting)、無(wu)雙亭(ting)和(he)芍藥亭(ting)等建(jian)筑，規(gui)模宏大(da)(da)，景色優美。明朝揚州知府吳秀在(zai)(zai)觀(guan)(guan)里建(jian)玉皇(huang)閣，閣為三(san)層(ceng)，既高(gao)大(da)(da)又(you)壯麗(li)，登(deng)閣就(jiu)可以俯(fu)視(shi)全城(cheng)。如(ru)今(jin)觀(guan)(guan)前(qian)的(de)(de)石(shi)牌坊(fang)(fang)系明代所建(jian)，石(shi)質呈糙米色，有(you)(you)左右兩(liang)根(gen)石(shi)柱(zhu)，上(shang)圓下方(fang)，柱(zhu)端似華表，分別雕刻日(ri)月形狀，左為赤烏，象征(zheng)著太陽，右為玉兔，象征(zheng)著月亮。門(men)(men)樓(lou)三(san)間，上(shang)嵌一方(fang)石(shi)額。其后為具有(you)(you)民族風格的(de)(de)三(san)間單檐山門(men)(men)殿(dian)。觀(guan)(guan)內(nei)主殿(dian)是一座砌在(zai)(zai)高(gao)基平(ping)臺上(shang)的(de)(de)五楹重檐大(da)(da)殿(dian)，即“三(san)清殿(dian)”，平(ping)臺四周圍是以白(bai)石(shi)欄(lan)桿，殿(dian)前(qian)種植有(you)(you)兩(liang)棵銀杏樹。平(ping)臺石(shi)梯兩(liang)側各種植一株(zhu)(zhu)龍爪(zhua)槐與兩(liang)株(zhu)(zhu)瓊(qiong)花。觀(guan)(guan)門(men)(men)到大(da)(da)殿(dian)的(de)(de)正中(zhong)一條(tiao)甬道，甬道中(zhong)種植一棵老榆樹，兩(liang)側各種植四株(zhu)(zhu)瓊(qiong)花。甬道東(dong)西(xi)兩(liang)側各建(jian)兩(liang)層(ceng)樓(lou)結構的(de)(de)仿古(gu)廊房。而(er)在(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)殿(dian)后方(fang)圍墻外的(de)(de)后花園(yuan)里，小橋流(liu)水(shui)、九曲碑廊，造型別致的(de)(de)瓊(qiong)花臺與無(wu)雙亭(ting)更(geng)是巧奪天工，整個花園(yuan)濃縮江南(nan)園(yuan)林建(jian)筑美景之精華，令(ling)人流(liu)連忘返。

實用信息

旅游信息

地(di)址：中國(guo)江蘇省(sheng)揚州市文昌中路62號(hao)

交(jiao)通：18路(lu)、26路(lu)、32路(lu)、86路(lu)、88路(lu)、89路(lu)、99路(lu)到(dao)“瓊花觀(guan)（銀河電子城）”下車。

歷史沿革

始建(jian)于(yu)公元前十一(yi)年，即西(xi)漢元延二(er)年，原為(wei)供奉主管萬物生(sheng)長的(de)后土女神的(de)后土祠。唐時增(zeng)修(xiu)，名(ming)”唐昌觀(guan)”。宋(song)(song)徽(hui)宗(zong)取(qu)多福(fu)大福(fu)之意，賜名(ming)“蕃釐(li)觀(guan)”。瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)觀(guan)和瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)有(you)著(zhu)解不(bu)開(kai)的(de)淵源。瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)觀(guan)觀(guan)名(ming)之由來是宋(song)(song)時觀(guan)內有(you)一(yi)株天下(xia)無雙的(de)瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)。明代曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)屢次修(xiu)繕，今殿宇已圮，僅(jin)存(cun)瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)臺和“蕃釐(li)觀(guan)”石匾。相傳隋煬帝也曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)專程(cheng)下(xia)揚州觀(guan)瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)。宋(song)(song)朝(chao)歐陽修(xiu)做揚州太守時，又在花(hua)(hua)旁建(jian)“無雙亭”，以示天下(xia)無雙。時人(ren)有(you)詩云(yun)：”維揚一(yi)株花(hua)(hua)，四海(hai)無同類。”又云(yun)：”天下(xia)無雙獨此花(hua)(hua)。”宋(song)(song)仁宗(zong)、宋(song)(song)孝宗(zong)都曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)將它移植都城(cheng)皇庭內，均不(bu)得活，只(zhi)能重遷回揚州。整宋(song)(song)一(yi)代，古瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)都于(yu)揚州歷經劫難，長生(sheng)不(bu)死。直至宋(song)(song)亡元興，這株“舉世無雙”的(de)瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)神秘(mi)凋零。

元代至正十三(san)年(公元1353年)瓊花枯死(si)，道士金(jin)丙瑞補植聚八仙(xian)，并筑瓊花臺一座。每當暮春三(san)月，瓊花觀內瓊花盛開時(shi)節，朵(duo)之奇葩，若蝴蝶(die)戲(xi)珠，似(si)八仙(xian)起舞，以其綽約的芳姿和那美(mei)麗動人的傳說，迎接中外游(you)人。

蕃(fan)釐(li)觀(guan)歷史悠久，其前身是西漢(han)時(shi)代所建的(de)(de)后土(tu)(tu)(tu)祠(ci)(ci)。古時(shi)稱地神(shen)或土(tu)(tu)(tu)神(shen)為(wei)(wei)后土(tu)(tu)(tu)，后土(tu)(tu)(tu)祠(ci)(ci)就是祭祀地神(shen)或土(tu)(tu)(tu)神(shen)的(de)(de)廟(miao)(miao)宇(yu)。唐(tang)僖宗中(zhong)和(he)(he)二(er)年(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)882年(nian)(nian)），經淮(huai)南節(jie)度副使高駢增修，易名(ming)唐(tang)昌(chang)觀(guan)。北宋(song)至道(dao)二(er)年(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)996年(nian)(nian)），揚(yang)州太(tai)守因(yin)觀(guan)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)樹葉茂花(hua)繁(fan)，潔白可愛(ai)，首詠《瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)詩》。自(zi)此(ci)，瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)之名(ming)，遂名(ming)聞海內(nei)(nei)。歐陽修任郡(jun)守時(shi)，因(yin)揚(yang)州瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)"世無倫"，而在觀(guan)內(nei)(nei)瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)樹旁(pang)筑亭(ting)(ting)，其匾(bian)額上書"無雙(shuang)(shuang)亭(ting)(ting)"，以作(zuo)飲(yin)酒觀(guan)賞瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)之所，并作(zuo)詩曰："瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)芍藥世無倫，偶不題詩便怨人。曾向(xiang)無雙(shuang)(shuang)亭(ting)(ting)下醉(zui)，自(zi)知不負(fu)廣陵(ling)春"。北宋(song)政和(he)(he)年(nian)(nian)間(jian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1111～1118年(nian)(nian)），取(qu)《漢(han)書·郊祀歌辭》"唯(wei)泰元(yuan)尊(zun)，媼神(shen)蕃(fan)釐(li)"義（蕃(fan)釐(li)，即多福的(de)(de)意思），改廟(miao)(miao)名(ming)為(wei)(wei)"蕃(fan)釐(li)觀(guan)"，宋(song)徽宗欽賜"蕃(fan)釐(li)觀(guan)"匾(bian)額。世人以此(ci)觀(guan)中(zhong)有瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)，故俗稱為(wei)(wei)"瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)觀(guan)"。

明代揚州知府吳秀(xiu)在(zai)觀(guan)(guan)里建(jian)玉皇閣，閣高三(san)層(ceng)，高大(da)壯麗，登閣可以俯視全城。時(shi)(shi)至清(qing)代，瓊花(hua)觀(guan)(guan)已逐漸(jian)衰(shuai)敗，到了民國時(shi)(shi)期，蕃(fan)釐(li)觀(guan)(guan)內的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑物已基本毀于大(da)火。現今的(de)(de)(de)蕃(fan)釐(li)觀(guan)(guan)是由(you)揚州市政府出資于1993年開始重(zhong)修(xiu)，歷時(shi)(shi)三(san)年，耗資1800萬元(yuan)，重(zhong)建(jian)后的(de)(de)(de)蕃(fan)釐(li)觀(guan)(guan)，觀(guan)(guan)門仍(reng)朝(chao)南。觀(guan)(guan)前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)牌坊系(xi)明代所建(jian)，石(shi)質呈糙(cao)米色，有(you)(you)左右兩根(gen)石(shi)柱，上(shang)圓(yuan)下方，柱端似華(hua)(hua)表，分別雕刻日月形狀(zhuang)，左為赤烏，象征(zheng)著太(tai)陽，右為玉免，象征(zheng)著月亮(liang)。門樓三(san)間，上(shang)嵌一(yi)(yi)方石(shi)額，"蕃(fan)釐(li)觀(guan)(guan)"三(san)個大(da)字(zi)為清(qing)人(ren)劉大(da)觀(guan)(guan)所題。其后是具有(you)(you)民族風格的(de)(de)(de)三(san)間單檐山門殿(dian)。觀(guan)(guan)內的(de)(de)(de)主殿(dian)是一(yi)(yi)座砌在(zai)高基平(ping)臺上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)五楹重(zhong)檐大(da)殿(dian)，即"三(san)清(qing)殿(dian)"，平(ping)臺四(si)周圍以白石(shi)欄(lan)桿，殿(dian)前(qian)植有(you)(you)兩棵(ke)銀杏樹(shu)。平(ping)臺石(shi)梯兩側各(ge)植一(yi)(yi)株(zhu)龍(long)爪槐、兩株(zhu)瓊花(hua)。觀(guan)(guan)門至大(da)殿(dian)的(de)(de)(de)正中一(yi)(yi)條甬道，甬道中有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)棵(ke)老榆樹(shu)，兩側各(ge)植四(si)株(zhu)瓊花(hua)。甬道東西側各(ge)建(jian)兩層(ceng)樓結構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)仿古廊房。而在(zai)大(da)殿(dian)后方圍墻(qiang)外的(de)(de)(de)后花(hua)園內，小橋流水，九曲(qu)碑廊，造型(xing)別致的(de)(de)(de)瓊花(hua)臺、無雙亭更是巧奪天工，整(zheng)個花(hua)園濃縮了江南園林美景(jing)之精華(hua)(hua)，令人(ren)流連(lian)忘返。

據史(shi)料記載，在(zai)清順(shun)治、康(kang)熙(xi)年(nian)間，先后有(you)(you)兩代張天(tian)師羽化在(zai)蕃釐(li)觀內，故為道家正一派視為圣(sheng)地。而在(zai)古代許多小說(shuo)里，瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花觀都被描寫(xie)成神仙出沒或(huo)高(gao)人(ren)隱(yin)(yin)居之地。在(zai)明人(ren)寫(xie)的(de)《隋(sui)(sui)煬帝艷史(shi)》、《隋(sui)(sui)唐演義(yi)》一類小說(shuo)里，都大肆渲染隋(sui)(sui)煬帝和瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花的(de)神奇(qi)故事。在(zai)清代的(de)一些筆(bi)記中，又常(chang)(chang)常(chang)(chang)記載江湖隱(yin)(yin)士(shi)或(huo)山野奇(qi)人(ren)寓(yu)居在(zai)瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花觀里。《儒林外史(shi)》的(de)作(zuo)者吳(wu)敬梓在(zai)落魄的(de)晚年(nian)常(chang)(chang)常(chang)(chang)流連(lian)于瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花臺(tai)畔，悲悼自己(ji)的(de)坎坷身世(shi)也(ye)像(xiang)瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花一般。他的(de)侄(zhi)兒金兆燕(yan)有(you)(you)詩云："峨峨瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花臺(tai)，郁郁冬青枝。與君攀(pan)寒條，淚下如連(lian)絲。"描寫(xie)了吳(wu)敬梓在(zai)瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花觀里愴(chuang)然涕下，淚濕(shi)衣衫的(de)情景。

瓊花(hua)觀(guan)，舊稱“蕃釐(li)觀(guan)”。宋徽宗(zong)趙佶賜金字匾額題為“蕃釐(li)觀(guan)”，后稱“瓊花(hua)觀(guan)”。

位于揚州市區文昌中(zhong)路(lu)（原瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花路(lu)）的北(bei)側(ce)，是揚州市著名(ming)旅游景點之一(yi)，原為(wei)供奉(feng)主(zhu)管萬物生長(chang)(chang)的后(hou)土女神(shen)的后(hou)土祠，始建(jian)于公(gong)元(yuan)前十一(yi)年，至今已有兩千多(duo)(duo)年的歷史。宋徽宗趙佶賜(si)金字匾額題為(wei)“蕃(fan)釐(li)觀”。“蕃(fan)釐(li)”出自《漢書·禮樂(le)志(zhi)》“惟(wei)泰元(yuan)尊，媼(ao)神(shen)蕃(fan)釐(li)”，蕃(fan)指多(duo)(duo)、大(da)，釐(li)代表福氣，蕃(fan)釐(li)即多(duo)(duo)福大(da)福。舉世無雙的揚州古瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花就生長(chang)(chang)在蕃(fan)釐(li)觀，因此俗(su)稱瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花觀。

瓊(qiong)(qiong)花觀(guan)建于西漢(han)成帝元延(yan)二(er)年，宋代歐陽修(xiu)任(ren)揚(yang)州(zhou)知州(zhou)時，于觀(guan)內筑“無雙亭”，以(yi)供養花。一到暮春三月，瓊(qiong)(qiong)花觀(guan)中的瓊(qiong)(qiong)花盛開時節，朵(duo)之奇(qi)葩，倘若(ruo)蝴(hu)蝶戲(xi)珠，好似(si)八仙起舞(wu)，以(yi)其綽約的芳(fang)姿與那美麗動人的傳(chuan)說，迎接著中外游人。

榮譽及其他

相關傳說

傳說一

傳說瓊(qiong)(qiong)花觀和瓊(qiong)(qiong)花有(you)(you)著(zhu)解(jie)不開的淵源(yuan)。漢代揚(yang)州(zhou)城東曾(ceng)有(you)(you)一株瓊(qiong)(qiong)花，當時有(you)(you)人特(te)為之建“瓊(qiong)(qiong)花觀”。相(xiang)傳隋(sui)煬帝下揚(yang)州(zhou)也(ye)是為了觀賞瓊(qiong)(qiong)花。

宋(song)朝歐(ou)陽修做揚州太(tai)守時，又在花(hua)(hua)旁建“無雙亭”，以示天下無雙。宋(song)仁宗、宋(song)孝(xiao)宗都曾移植瓊花(hua)(hua)于(yu)皇宮內，均不得活。宋(song)亡元興，這株瓊花(hua)(hua)神秘凋零而死。

瓊花是一種(zhong)具有(you)傳奇色彩的(de)花卉。瓊花原物現今雖已不(bu)存，但(dan)長(chang)期(qi)以(yi)來，揚(yang)(yang)州(zhou)人民約(yue)定俗成，已把聚八仙花視為瓊花。瓊花觀(guan)作(zuo)為千年古道(dao)觀(guan)，歷經興(xing)衰滄桑，作(zuo)為揚(yang)(yang)州(zhou)著名道(dao)觀(guan)和(he)著名的(de)歷史文化遺跡，始終享有(you)崇高的(de)地位(wei)。

傳說二

“明月(yue)三分州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)有(you)二(er)，瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)一樹世(shi)無雙”。在揚(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)關(guan)于(yu)瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)說(shuo)很多。有(you)一種(zhong)說(shuo)法是(shi)，瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)原生(sheng)于(yu)天上(shang)，一日有(you)仙人(ren)降至揚(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，夸(kua)說(shuo)瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)之(zhi)美(mei)，世(shi)人(ren)不(bu)信，仙人(ren)便取出一塊白玉(yu)(yu)種(zhong)在土里，頃刻(ke)間發芽、長(chang)高、開花(hua)(hua)(hua)，花(hua)(hua)(hua)色如玉(yu)(yu)，人(ren)們遂稱之(zhi)為(wei)“瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)”。相傳(chuan)隋煬帝要賞此花(hua)(hua)(hua)，專門開鑿運河前往揚(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)賞。因為(wei)瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)有(you)冰肌(ji)玉(yu)(yu)骨之(zhi)質(zhi)，它又(you)與宋(song)之(zhi)興俱(ju)興，與宋(song)之(zhi)亡俱(ju)亡，故曾被人(ren)視(shi)為(wei)吉祥的(de)(de)(de)(de)象征。據說(shuo)，北(bei)宋(song)時(shi)宋(song)仁宗曾把(ba)(ba)瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)從揚(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)移植到(dao)汴京御(yu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)園里，但(dan)(dan)第(di)二(er)年就枯萎了(le)(le)，只好又(you)送還(huan)揚(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)到(dao)了(le)(le)揚(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)又(you)復茂如故。金國的(de)(de)(de)(de)海陵(ling)王攻占(zhan)揚(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)后，又(you)把(ba)(ba)瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)連根拔(ba)起掠去，幸而有(you)道之(zhi)士(shi)太守對殘根辛勤培育，才使瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)絕處逢生(sheng)。南宋(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)孝宗聽說(shuo)瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)極美(mei)，又(you)把(ba)(ba)它移往臨安宮中，但(dan)(dan)瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)到(dao)了(le)(le)臨安便憔悴無花(hua)(hua)(hua)，只得又(you)遣(qian)還(huan)揚(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。到(dao)元世(shi)祖時(shi)，蒙(meng)古(gu)大將阿木(mu)以(yi)十(shi)萬兵馬攻破揚(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，燒殺搶掠之(zhi)下，瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)終于(yu)死去。這一系(xi)列神奇的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)說(shuo)，都使得瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)蒙(meng)上(shang)了(le)(le)神秘的(de)(de)(de)(de)色彩(cai)，也使瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)成為(wei)江淮一帶著名的(de)(de)(de)(de)道觀(guan)(guan)(guan)，以(yi)至于(yu)一般老百姓只知道瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)名字(zi)，卻不(bu)知道有(you)蕃釐觀(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)名字(zi)。