一.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
(1)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌情(qing)況:中(zhong)(zhong)寧縣(xian)區域地(di)形地(di)貌是(shi)清(qing)水河沖(chong)積(ji)平原淤灌土(tu)(tu)和黃河沖(chong)積(ji)平原淤灌土(tu)(tu),土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型為綠洲(zhou)土(tu)(tu),質(zhi)地(di)以中(zhong)(zhong)壤(rang)為主。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)pH值7.3~8.5之間(jian),土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有機質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)8.3~14.6g/kg,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)全氮(dan)含(han)量(liang)0.7~1.11g/kg,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)堿解(jie)氮(dan)含(han)量(liang)37~68.4mg/kg,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)速效磷含(han)量(liang)25~73.7mg/kg,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)速效鉀含(han)量(liang)136~326mg/kg。同時,在(zai)黃河沿岸,由于(yu)發源于(yu)青藏(zang)高原的黃河泥沙(sha)也(ye)帶有大(da)(da)量(liang)礦物質(zhi),淤積(ji)又(you)形成了(le)大(da)(da)量(liang)的河灘沖(chong)積(ji)區,良好(hao)的土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)條件(jian),為中(zhong)(zhong)寧枸(gou)(gou)杞的生長提供(gong)良好(hao)的生存環境,從而造就(jiu)了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)寧優質(zhi)的枸(gou)(gou)杞。
(2)水(shui)文情(qing)況:黃(huang)(huang)(huang)河(he)是寧(ning)(ning)夏境內的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)河(he)流(liu),中寧(ning)(ning)縣位(wei)于(yu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)河(he)兩岸,所(suo)用水(shui)源均來(lai)自黃(huang)(huang)(huang)河(he)。黃(huang)(huang)(huang)河(he)流(liu)出黑山峽入衛(wei)寧(ning)(ning)灌區(qu),至(zhi)勝金關入中寧(ning)(ning)縣境,東流(liu)68km至(zhi)青(qing)銅峽二道溝出縣境。黃(huang)(huang)(huang)河(he)過境客(ke)水(shui)24年(nian)年(nian)平均徑流(liu)量為(wei)315億立方(fang)米(1955-1979年(nian),下河(he)沿測站),平均流(liu)量993立方(fang)米/秒。 黃(huang)(huang)(huang)河(he)水(shui)量豐沛(pei),水(shui)質優良,是中寧(ning)(ning)縣農業灌溉水(shui)源。清水(shui)河(he)是黃(huang)(huang)(huang)河(he)的(de)一級(ji)支流(liu),發(fa)源于(yu)固(gu)原(yuan)縣南開(kai)城鄉,由南向北經固(gu)原(yuan)縣、海原(yuan)縣、同(tong)心縣至(zhi)中寧(ning)(ning)縣泉眼(yan)山西入黃(huang)(huang)(huang)河(he)。
(3)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候情況:中寧縣(xian)地處西(xi)北內陸,屬典型的(de)大(da)陸性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候,海(hai)拔1184米(mi)(mi)(mi)。總的(de)特點(dian)是:春暖遲,夏熱(re)短(duan),秋涼(liang)早(zao),冬(dong)(dong)寒長(chang),日照時間長(chang),晝夜溫差(cha)大(da),光(guang)能資(zi)源豐富(fu),干旱(han)少(shao)雨多風(feng)(feng),蒸發量大(da),無(wu)霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)短(duan)。年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫9.1℃,7月(yue)份平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫23.4℃,1月(yue)份平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫-7.4℃,年(nian)際相(xiang)差(cha)30.8℃,絕對(dui)(dui)最高氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫38.5℃,絕對(dui)(dui)最低氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫-26.7℃,有(you)(you)(you)效積溫3349℃。其(qi)初終霜(shuang)(shuang)日數(shu)為175d,初霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)為10月(yue)上(shang)旬(xun),最早(zao)在(zai)9月(yue)15日發生; 平均(jun)(jun)終霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)在(zai)4月(yue)下(xia)旬(xun),最早(zao)在(zai)3月(yue)4日,最晚在(zai)5月(yue)21日,無(wu)霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)165d。每(mei)年(nian)3-5月(yue)份是風(feng)(feng)季,8級以上(shang)大(da)風(feng)(feng)日數(shu)年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)18.6d, 風(feng)(feng)向多西(xi)北和偏(pian)南(nan)兩個方(fang)向,最大(da)瞬間風(feng)(feng)速(su)38m/s/秒(miao)。冬(dong)(dong)春季風(feng)(feng)沙頻繁,有(you)(you)(you)時出現沙塵暴。土壤在(zai)11月(yue)底以后封凍,3月(yue)上(shang)中旬(xun)解凍。年(nian)均(jun)(jun)降水量221.6毫米(mi)(mi)(mi),年(nian)太陽輻射總量59245924兆焦耳/米(mi)(mi)(mi)2。從(cong)而有(you)(you)(you)利(li)于枸杞果實營養成(cheng)份的(de)積累。
(4)人(ren)文歷(li)史(shi)情況(kuang): 寧(ning)(ning)(ning)夏中(zhong)(zhong)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)縣(xian)(xian)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)“中(zhong)(zhong)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)枸(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)杞(qi)”,是(shi)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)夏枸(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)杞(qi)的(de)(de)精(jing)品(pin)。中(zhong)(zhong)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)枸(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)杞(qi)本(ben)名寧(ning)(ning)(ning)安(an)(an)枸(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)杞(qi),因其原產(chan)(chan)地(di)在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)縣(xian)(xian)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)安(an)(an)堡一帶而得名。當(dang)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)安(an)(an)枸(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)杞(qi)形成(cheng)商(shang)品(pin),走向全(quan)國(guo)藥(yao)(yao)材市(shi)場時(shi),由于寧(ning)(ning)(ning)安(an)(an)堡屬于當(dang)時(shi)甘肅(su)省中(zhong)(zhong)衛縣(xian)(xian)管轄,故又(you)有“甘杞(qi)"的(de)(de)稱(cheng)(cheng)呼(hu)。1934年中(zhong)(zhong)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)設縣(xian)(xian)時(shi),以寧(ning)(ning)(ning)安(an)(an)堡為(wei)縣(xian)(xian)城,從此又(you)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)枸(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)杞(qi)。中(zhong)(zhong)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)枸(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)杞(qi)從列(lie)入(ru)朝廷貢品(pin)到占領全(quan)國(guo)市(shi)場,大約(yue)經歷(li)了250年時(shi)間。在(zai)隨后的(de)(de)二百(bai)多年時(shi)間里,中(zhong)(zhong)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)枸(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)杞(qi)逐漸形成(cheng)優良品(pin)種(zhong),長期囿于寧(ning)(ning)(ning)安(an)(an)堡一帶,尤以清水河與黃河交(jiao)匯的(de)(de)洪泛區(qu)所產(chan)(chan)枸(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)杞(qi)最(zui)為(wei)優質。清乾(qian)隆二十(shi)年(1755年),寧(ning)(ning)(ning)夏《銀川小志(zhi)》的(de)(de)作者汪繹辰在(zai)藥(yao)(yao)材類中(zhong)(zhong)以唯一的(de)(de)評注(zhu)歌頌了寧(ning)(ning)(ning)安(an)(an)枸(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)杞(qi),文日:“枸(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)杞(qi),寧(ning)(ning)(ning)安(an)(an)堡產(chan)(chan)者極佳,紅(hong)大肉厚,家(jia)家(jia)種(zhong)植。中(zhong)(zhong)衛知(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)黃恩(en)錫有詩為(wei)證(zheng)“六月杞(qi)園樹樹紅(hong),寧(ning)(ning)(ning)安(an)(an)藥(yao)(yao)果擅寰中(zhong)(zhong)。千錢一斗矜時(shi)價,絕勝腴田歲早豐。”寧(ning)(ning)(ning)夏黃河灌(guan)區(qu)與南(nan)部山區(qu)的(de)(de)交(jiao)匯地(di)帶,四周群山環(huan)繞,黃河從中(zhong)(zhong)間流過,兩岸地(di)勢平坦,晝夜溫(wen)差大,有利于枸(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)杞(qi)營養成(cheng)分的(de)(de)積累。在(zai)我國(guo)2002年自然(ran)科學(xue)資(zi)金(jin)項目(編(bian)號39960036)中(zhong)(zhong),劉靜等在(zai)《中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)北方(fang)地(di)區(qu)枸(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)杞(qi)氣候適宜性區(qu)劃(hua)》的(de)(de)研究中(zhong)(zhong),把寧(ning)(ning)(ning)夏黃河灌(guan)區(qu)中(zhong)(zhong)南(nan)部區(qu)劃(hua)為(wei)我國(guo)北方(fang)地(di)區(qu)枸(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)杞(qi)種(zhong)植最(zui)適宜區(qu)。
二.地域范圍
中(zhong)寧(ning)枸(gou)杞農(nong)產(chan)品地(di)理標志(zhi)地(di)域保護(hu)范圍是中(zhong)衛市中(zhong)寧(ning)縣寧(ning)安鎮(zhen)、恩和鎮(zhen)、鳴沙鎮(zhen)、新堡鎮(zhen)、大(da)戰(zhan)場鎮(zhen)、石空鎮(zhen)、舟(zhou)塔鄉、余丁(ding)鄉、白(bai)馬(ma)鄉、喊叫水(shui)鄉、徐套鄉11個(ge)鄉鎮(zhen),120個(ge)行政村。保護(hu)范圍位東經105°16′04~106°04′11,北緯(wei)36°54′09~37°44′19之間(jian),南北長約(yue)(yue)60公(gong)(gong)里(li),東西寬(kuan)約(yue)(yue)50公(gong)(gong)里(li)。中(zhong)寧(ning)枸(gou)杞農(nong)產(chan)品地(di)理標志(zhi)生產(chan)規模為20000公(gong)(gong)頃,年產(chan)枸(gou)杞干(gan)果8萬(wan)噸。
三.產品品質特性特征
(1)外觀感官(guan)特征:中寧枸杞是長果形呈橢圓(yuan)且扁長,肉質飽滿、外觀光亮、柔潤;其干果色澤紅重,果臍顯(xian)白(bai)色,先端(duan)有小尖(jian),包裝(zhuang)不結塊,味甘(gan)甜微(wei)帶苦澀。
(2)內在的(de)品質特(te)征:枸(gou)杞(qi)(qi)多糖(tang)含量(liang)范圍(wei)為3.17-5.45%;枸(gou)杞(qi)(qi)總糖(tang)含量(liang)范圍(wei)為39.79-62.58%。
(3)安全要求:
①產(chan)(chan)地及環境(jing):產(chan)(chan)地環境(jing)必(bi)須符合NY/T391-2013《綠色食品產(chan)(chan)地環境(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)》的(de)規定。
②生產(chan)技術(shu)規(gui)(gui)程“中(zhong)寧枸杞”地理標(biao)志證明商標(biao)的枸杞原料生產(chan)技術(shu)規(gui)(gui)程符(fu)合GB/T19116-2003《枸杞栽培技術(shu)規(gui)(gui)程》等技術(shu)規(gui)(gui)程的規(gui)(gui)定。
③包裝(zhuang)、運(yun)輸和貯存(cun)條件使用“中(zhong)寧枸杞”地理標志證明商(shang)標商(shang)品的(de)包裝(zhuang)、運(yun)輸、貯存(cun)應符(fu)合GB7718-2011《食品安全國家標準預包裝(zhuang)食品標簽通則(ze)》要求(qiu)。
四.特定生產方式
(1)產(chan)地(di)(di)選(xuan)擇(ze)與特殊內(nei)容規定:生產(chan)地(di)(di)域(yu)內(nei)無(wu)工礦企業,無(wu)環境(jing)污(wu)染源, 大氣土(tu)壞均符合(he)國(guo)家(jia)有關標(biao)準(zhun)。田(tian)地(di)(di)選(xuan)擇(ze):選(xuan)擇(ze)地(di)(di)勢平坦、有排灌條件、地(di)(di)下水位1.0m 以(yi)下、較肥沃(wo)的(de)(de)沙壤(rang)(rang)、輕壤(rang)(rang)或(huo)中壤(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)塊,土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)含鹽量 3‰以(yi)下,pH7.5~8.3左右,土(tu)層(ceng)厚(hou)度1m以(yi)上。田(tian)地(di)(di)規劃:為了便于枸杞園的(de)(de)灌溉、施肥、噴藥(yao)及運輸等管(guan)理工作,新建(jian)枸杞園必須進(jin)行規劃。
(2)品(pin)種(zhong)選擇(ze)與特(te)定要求:以寧夏枸杞的(de)優良品(pin)種(zhong)“寧杞1號、5號”為(wei)主。苗(miao)木一級(ji)規格為(wei)苗(miao)株高50cm以上、地(di)(di)徑0.7cm以上,根系完(wan)整(zheng); 二(er)級(ji)為(wei)苗(miao)株高40~50cm、地(di)(di)徑0.5~0.7cm,根系完(wan)整(zheng)。
(3)生產過(guo)程管理:
①播(bo)種(zhong)時間及(ji)方(fang)式:中寧枸杞育苗一(yi)(yi)般采用(yong)無性繁(fan)殖主(zhu)要有硬枝(zhi)(zhi)扦(qian)插(cha)(cha)(cha)和嫩枝(zhi)(zhi)扦(qian)插(cha)(cha)(cha)。a、硬枝(zhi)(zhi)扦(qian)插(cha)(cha)(cha),3月中旬~4月上旬,日平均氣(qi)溫穩定(ding)通過6℃以上即可(ke)進行,冬(dong)季和早春可(ke)以采用(yong)大棚(peng)育苗。以中寧枸杞為母條(tiao)(tiao),剪取(qu)0.4~0.6cm粗的(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao),截成l0~15cm長,用(yong)15~20mg/kg的(de)a~萘(nai)乙(yi)酸水溶液浸(jin)插(cha)(cha)(cha)條(tiao)(tiao)下端(duan)(duan)24h,或用(yong)l00mg/kg的(de)a~萘(nai)乙(yi)酸溶液浸(jin)插(cha)(cha)(cha)條(tiao)(tiao)下端(duan)(duan)2h~3h,浸(jin)深3cm。按40cm行距開溝(gou),溝(gou)深l0~13cm,將插(cha)(cha)(cha)條(tiao)(tiao)按l00cm株(zhu)距擺(bai)在溝(gou)壁一(yi)(yi)側,覆濕潤土踏實,插(cha)(cha)(cha)條(tiao)(tiao)上端(duan)(duan)露出地面約(yue)1cm,插(cha)(cha)(cha)后覆地膜。
b、嫩枝扦(qian)插(cha) 日平均氣溫穩定在(zai)18℃以上的(de)(de)5~8月可進行。剪(jian)取(qu)半(ban)木(mu)質化枝條(tiao),截成5~8cm的(de)(de)插(cha)條(tiao),去(qu)除下端1~2個節上的(de)(de)葉片。將插(cha)條(tiao)下端速沾400mg/kg的(de)(de)a-萘(nai)乙酸和滑石粉調制成的(de)(de)生根劑,按(an)5×l0cm的(de)(de)株行距,插(cha)入(ru)準(zhun)備好的(de)(de)沙床上,插(cha)入(ru)深度1.0~1.5cm,插(cha)后噴(pen)殺菌劑,蓋塑料(liao)拱(gong)棚保濕。
②適時(shi)(shi)移(yi)栽(zai):中(zhong)寧枸杞(qi)移(yi)栽(zai)時(shi)(shi)間分春季和(he)秋季兩種,春季移(yi)栽(zai)的(de)占(zhan)絕(jue)大多數。春季移(yi)栽(zai)一(yi)般在3月下旬(xun)至4月上(shang)旬(xun),株(zhu)行(xing)距(ju)(ju)1×3m,畝栽(zai)222株(zhu)。按株(zhu)行(xing)距(ju)(ju)在定植(zhi)前劃行(xing)定點挖(wa)穴(xue)(xue)。定植(zhi)穴(xue)(xue)挖(wa)出的(de)表土和(he)心土各放(fang)一(yi)邊(bian),穴(xue)(xue)內(nei)先施入(ru)(ru)有機(ji)肥2~3kg,加(jia)復(fu)合(he)肥100g,將心土填(tian)入(ru)(ru),混合(he)均勻后(hou)蓋表土5cm,然后(hou)放(fang)入(ru)(ru)枸杞(qi)苗(miao)(miao),扶直,填(tian)入(ru)(ru)少半坑土,提苗(miao)(miao),踏實,再(zai)填(tian)土至苗(miao)(miao)木根頸(jing)處(chu)踏實,再(zai)踏實覆土略高于地面。栽(zai)植(zhi)后(hou)及時(shi)(shi)整園灌水1次。
③病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi):主(zhu)要(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害有(you)蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)、木虱(shi)、薊馬、癭螨(man)、銹(xiu)螨(man)、紅癭蚊、黑果病(bing)(bing)(bing)等。防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)原則:以防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)主(zhu),綜合防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi),優先采取農(nong)業(ye)措施(shi)、物(wu)理(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)、生(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)措施(shi)。允許使用植物(wu)源(yuan)(yuan)、動物(wu)源(yuan)(yuan)、微生(sheng)物(wu)源(yuan)(yuan)農(nong)藥及礦物(wu)源(yuan)(yuan)農(nong)藥,可選用高效、低毒、低殘留化學農(nong)藥。防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)方法:一是(shi) 農(nong)業(ye)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi):加強(qiang)中(zhong)耕鋤草,深翻曬土;清潔枸杞(qi)園(yuan)(yuan)及周圍,將枯枝(zhi)爛(lan)葉、病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)枝(zhi)、雜草集中(zhong)燒毀;枸杞(qi)園(yuan)(yuan)及時(shi)排灌,防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)止積水;合理(li)施(shi)肥、修(xiu)剪,促進樹體健(jian)康生(sheng)長。二是(shi)物(wu)理(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi):采用燈(deng)光、色(se)彩誘殺(sha)害蟲(chong)(chong),如用銀灰膜避(bi)蚜(ya)或黃板(柱)誘殺(sha)蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)。三(san)是(shi)生(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi):保護(hu)天(tian)(tian)敵,創造有(you)利于天(tian)(tian)敵繁衍生(sheng)長的環境條(tiao)件(jian),投(tou)放(fang)寄生(sheng)性、捕食(shi)性天(tian)(tian)敵;使用昆蟲(chong)(chong)性外激素誘殺(sha)或干擾成蟲(chong)(chong)交配。四(si)是(shi)藥劑防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi):枸杞(qi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)種類多,以統防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)統治(zhi)為(wei)主(zhu),交叉用藥,防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)主(zhu)要(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)兼治(zhi)其它次要(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)。在生(sheng)產中(zhong),要(yao)根據病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)發(fa)生(sheng)的具體情(qing)況確定防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)對(dui)象和方法。
④整形修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian):修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)按季(ji)(ji)節劃分(fen)為三(san)次,即春(chun)(chun)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)、夏(xia)(xia)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)冬(dong)(dong)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(又叫休眠期(qi)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)),修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)的重點在夏(xia)(xia)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)冬(dong)(dong)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)。冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian), 在冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)枸杞落葉以后(hou)之春(chun)(chun)芽萌(meng)動前進(jin)行(xing)。冬(dong)(dong)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)的修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)原則是(shi)“修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)橫不(bu)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)順,去舊要留(liu)(liu)新。密處來修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian),缺處留(liu)(liu)壯枝。清膛截底修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)好(hao),樹冠圓滿產量高”。冬(dong)(dong)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)的修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)順序(xu)是(shi):清基 、剪(jian)(jian)(jian)頂 、清膛 。修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)后(hou)要求(qiu)各層分(fen)明,每(mei)一(yi)(yi)層的冠幅(fu)枝條疏(shu)密分(fen)布均勻(yun)有一(yi)(yi)定的距離,通風透光良(liang)好(hao)。春(chun)(chun)季(ji)(ji)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian), 在萌(meng)芽后(hou)到展葉前進(jin)行(xing),主要是(shi)彌補冬(dong)(dong)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)不(bu)足和(he)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)除果(guo)枝干尖與針刺。夏(xia)(xia)季(ji)(ji)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(生長季(ji)(ji)節修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)),夏(xia)(xia)季(ji)(ji)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)由于時(shi)間跨春(chun)(chun)、夏(xia)(xia)、秋三(san)季(ji)(ji)。一(yi)(yi)般相隔(ge)8~10天進(jin)行(xing)一(yi)(yi)次,充分(fen)利用(yong)有限的空間,增加結(jie)果(guo)枝條,拉長采果(guo)時(shi)間,實現(xian)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)去無用(yong)枝,改(gai)造中間枝,增加結(jie)果(guo)枝的夏(xia)(xia)季(ji)(ji)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)目的。
(4)產品收獲及(ji)產后(hou)處(chu)理(li)規定:枸(gou)杞(qi)生(sheng)產加工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)流程:人工(gong)(gong)(gong)采摘鮮果(guo)枸(gou)杞(qi)-→自然晾曬(shai)或機(ji)(ji)械制干(gan)-→機(ji)(ji)械篩選(xuan)(xuan)分等(deng)定級-→機(ji)(ji)械揀選(xuan)(xuan)或人工(gong)(gong)(gong)揀選(xuan)(xuan)-→消(xiao)毒殺菌(jun)-→包裝(zhuang)-→銷(xiao)售。
① 收獲時(shi)間(jian):第(di)一(yi)個果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)熟期在(zai)夏(xia)季(ji), 7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上旬至8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu);第(di)二個果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)熟期,在(zai)9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下旬至10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)旬。采(cai)收時(shi)間(jian)7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)下旬至10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)旬,夏(xia)果(guo)(guo)(guo)一(yi)般(ban)4~6d采(cai)一(yi)次(ci);秋果(guo)(guo)(guo)7~l0d采(cai)一(yi)次(ci)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)熟8成(cheng)(cheng)~9成(cheng)(cheng),果(guo)(guo)(guo)色(se)鮮紅(hong),果(guo)(guo)(guo)蒂松動即(ji)可(ke)采(cai)收。②產后(hou)處(chu)理(li):枸杞鮮果(guo)(guo)(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)的方法分為自(zi)然晾(liang)曬、機(ji)械設(she)施制(zhi)(zhi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)和利用太陽能制(zhi)(zhi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)等(deng)方法。自(zi)然制(zhi)(zhi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)法,需要準(zhun)備(bei)長(chang)1.8-2米(mi),寬0.9-1米(mi)的木(mu)框,中(zhong)間(jian)夾竹簾,再(zai)用鐵釘(ding)釘(ding)制(zhi)(zhi)而成(cheng)(cheng)。將脫臘后(hou)的鮮果(guo)(guo)(guo)鋪在(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)棧上,果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)鋪開的厚度(du)為2-3厘米(mi),要求厚薄均勻,氣(qi)溫(wen)高,晾(liang)曬時(shi)間(jian)一(yi)般(ban)為4-5天;氣(qi)溫(wen)低,晾(liang)曬時(shi)間(jian)為7-10天。機(ji)械設(she)施制(zhi)(zhi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)法主要有烘(hong)道烘(hong)干(gan)(gan)(gan)以及各種熱風烘(hong)干(gan)(gan)(gan)設(she)備(bei)與太陽能烘(hong)干(gan)(gan)(gan)相結合。
③產品初加工:
a、枸杞二次烘(hong)干 枸杞干果初加工時,含水(shui)量要求是否達(da)(da)到13%以下(xia),如達(da)(da)不到標準,就要采取二次制干。
b、分(fen)級(ji)去雜:按(an)照果(guo)(guo)實大(da)小、色澤、破粒(li)等(deng)(deng)外觀條(tiao)件(jian),將枸杞果(guo)(guo)實分(fen)為四級(ji):特優(you)、特級(ji)、甲(jia)級(ji)和乙(yi)級(ji);分(fen)級(ji)方法 用分(fen)級(ji)篩篩選,精分(fen)等(deng)(deng)級(ji),并篩除(chu)雜質、細碎、損(sun)粒(li);
C、揀選(xuan):通過(guo)機械揀選(xuan),將霉果(guo)、黑果(guo)、油果(guo)、青(qing)果(guo)等分選(xuan)出來。
d、殺菌:分級(ji)揀(jian)選后的(de)枸杞干果須經殺菌處理,才能包裝入庫。殺菌方法(fa)有紫外線(xian)燈照射(she)殺菌、輻照殺菌等。
e、包(bao)裝:定量裝袋,打印生產日期,裝箱、入庫、銷售。
五.包裝標識相關規定
(1)符合下列(lie)條(tiao)件的單位和個人,可以向登記證書持有人申請使用地理標志:
A、生產經營的(de)農產品產自(zi)登(deng)記確定的(de)地(di)域范(fan)圍;
B、已取得登記農產品(pin)相關的(de)生產經營(ying)資質;
C、能(neng)夠嚴格按照規定的質量(liang)技術規范(fan)組織開(kai)展生產經營活動;
D、具有地理(li)標志農產品(pin)市場開發經營(ying)能力;使用農產品(pin)地理(li)標志,應當按照生產經營(ying)年度與(yu)登記證書(shu)持有人產品(pin)地理(li)標志使用協(xie)議(yi),在協(xie)議(yi)中載明使用數量、范圍及相(xiang)關的責任人。
(2)農產品地理標志使用人享有以下(xia)權(quan)利;
A、可以在產(chan)品及其包(bao)裝上(shang)統一使用農產(chan)品地理標志;
B、可(ke)以使用登記的(de)農產品地理標志(zhi),進行(xing)宣(xuan)傳和參(can)加展(zhan)覽、展(zhan)示。
(3)自覺接(jie)受登記證書使用人應當履行以下義務:
A、自覺接(jie)受登記證書持有(you)人的監(jian)督檢(jian)查;
B、保證(zheng)地理標志農產品的品質和(he)信譽;
C、正確(que)規范的使用農產品地(di)理(li)標志;
(4)地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的生產(chan)經營(ying)者,應(ying)當(dang)建立(li)質量控制(zhi)追溯(su)體系,地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志持有(you)人(ren)(ren)和(he)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志使(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren),對(dui)(dui)地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的質量和(he)信譽負責;任何單位和(he)個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)不得偽造(zao)、冒(mao)用(yong)(yong)農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志和(he)登記(ji)證書;鼓勵單位和(he)個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)對(dui)(dui)農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)對(dui)(dui)地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志進行(xing)社會監督。標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志使(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)在產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)或(huo)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)包裝上(shang)統(tong)一使(shi)用(yong)(yong)農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志公(gong)共標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)和(he)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)名(ming)稱組合型式字(zi)樣,產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)名(ming)稱為申請登記(ji)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)名(ming)稱。