一.產品介紹
解放初(chu)期(qi),烏蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)縣飼(si)養(yang)的(de)綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)種為(wei)(wei)蒙(meng)(meng)系(xi)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)及少量蒙(meng)(meng)、藏系(xi)混(hun)血(xue)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)。該品(pin)(pin)種羊(yang)(yang)(yang)體質健壯,適應性強,耐粗料,所(suo)產羊(yang)(yang)(yang)毛(mao)(mao)為(wei)(wei)較好的(de)地(di)毯毛(mao)(mao)原料,但生(sheng)產性能低,為(wei)(wei)支援國(guo)家(jia)毛(mao)(mao)紡工(gong)業(ye),提高養(yang)殖效益,改善牧(mu)區(qu)人民生(sheng)活。烏蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)縣從1956年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)開始(shi)進(jin)(jin)行綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)改良工(gong)作(zuo),首先在(zai)茶卡地(di)區(qu)推廣,主(zhu)要(yao)引進(jin)(jin)的(de)父系(xi)品(pin)(pin)種有新疆細(xi)(xi)毛(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)、茨蓋半(ban)細(xi)(xi)毛(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)、英國(guo)和(he)新西蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)羅姆尼—瑪許半(ban)細(xi)(xi)毛(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)。1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)15日,青海(hai)(hai)省(sheng)農牧(mu)廳和(he)省(sheng)科(ke)委(wei)共同組(zu)織省(sheng)內外養(yang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)專家(jia)到烏蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)縣茶卡鎮牧(mu)區(qu)進(jin)(jin)行了現場鑒定驗(yan)收。同年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)8月(yue)6日,青海(hai)(hai)省(sheng)人民政府(fu)決定命(ming)名培育的(de)半(ban)細(xi)(xi)毛(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)(wei)“青海(hai)(hai)高原毛(mao)(mao)肉兼(jian)用(yong)(yong)半(ban)細(xi)(xi)毛(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)”新品(pin)(pin)種。2014年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)由烏蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)縣那仁生(sheng)態畜牧(mu)業(ye)專業(ye)合作(zuo)社將“青海(hai)(hai)高原毛(mao)(mao)肉兼(jian)用(yong)(yong)半(ban)細(xi)(xi)毛(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)”成(cheng)功申報國(guo)家(jia)農產品(pin)(pin)地(di)理標(biao)志,登(deng)記(ji)名稱為(wei)(wei)“烏蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)茶卡羊(yang)(yang)(yang)”。
二.自然生態環境(jing)和人文歷(li)史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤地貌情況:烏蘭境內的土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤主(zhu)要是:高(gao)山(shan)寒漠(mo)(mo)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、高(gao)山(shan)草(cao)原土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、高(gao)山(shan)草(cao)甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、高(gao)山(shan)灌叢(cong)草(cao)甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、灰褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、風沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、灰棕漠(mo)(mo)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、棕鈣土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、鹽(yan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)及沼(zhao)澤土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)等九種土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤類型。烏蘭縣地勢(shi)西北高(gao)東(dong)南低,形成波(bo)浪形狹(xia)長傾斜走向,四周環山(shan),中(zhong)間平坦,屬山(shan)間盆地。平均(jun)海拔(ba)(ba)4000米(mi)以左右(you)。最(zui)高(gao)海拔(ba)(ba)為(wei)哇洪山(shan),海拔(ba)(ba)5031米(mi),最(zui)底為(wei)素楞郭勒,海拔(ba)(ba)2725米(mi),相對高(gao)差(cha)2306米(mi),水平和垂直方向的變化十分(fen)顯著,為(wei)典(dian)型的立體地形。
2、水(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況:烏(wu)蘭縣境(jing)內(nei)河流(liu)(liu)均(jun)為(wei)內(nei)陸水(shui)(shui)系,較大河流(liu)(liu)有5條(tiao),地表(biao)徑流(liu)(liu)主要來(lai)源(yuan)于山區降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)和高山融雪、融凍水(shui)(shui)。境(jing)內(nei)地表(biao)水(shui)(shui)多年平均(jun)徑流(liu)(liu)量2.09億立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),其中希賽盆地0.99億立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),茶卡(ka)盆地1.1億立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。河流(liu)(liu)礦化度為(wei)0.2-0.7克/升(sheng),PH值為(wei)7.5-8,地表(biao)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質良,對人(ren)體(ti)有害物質均(jun)未超標。
3、氣(qi)候(hou)情(qing)況:烏蘭縣地勢高峻(jun),氣(qi)候(hou)干(gan)燥,冬季漫長,干(gan)燥寒冷,春季氣(qi)溫(wen)回升(sheng)快,夏季短暫(zan)溫(wen)涼(liang),秋季氣(qi)溫(wen)逐漸變冷,全年(nian)降水量(liang)少,無霜期(qi)短,日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)充足(zu),太陽輻射強烈,晝(zhou)夜溫(wen)差雨熱同季。光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao):烏蘭縣年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)2869-3113小(xiao)時,年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)百分率為65%-70%,光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)資源豐富,日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)日(ri)(ri)期(qi)長,十分有利各(ge)種飼(si)牧(mu)及草農作物的光(guang)和作用。氣(qi)溫(wen):年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)1.6 OC -3.3OC,極(ji)端最高氣(qi)溫(wen)達(da)30.7OC,極(ji)端最低氣(qi)溫(wen)-30.7OC,年(nian)降雨量(liang)182.4mm。
4、人(ren)文歷史(shi)情況:烏(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)處青(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)省中部,地(di)(di)跨(kua)西秦嶺華力西—印(yin)支(zhi)地(di)(di)槽褶皺帶(dai)和東昆侖(lun)華力西地(di)(di)槽褶皺帶(dai)兩大構造單元(yuan),北與(yu)(yu)祁連(lian)加(jia)里東褶皺系相(xiang)連(lian),南及柴達木坳(ao)陷北緣,烏(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)歷史(shi)悠久,周秦時為(wei)羌人(ren)駐(zhu)牧地(di)(di)。西漢元(yuan)始四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),安(an)漢公王莽(mang)在(zai)環湖地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)置西海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)郡,今烏(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)屬(shu)西海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)郡轄。公元(yuan)4世紀初,成為(wei)吐(tu)(tu)(tu)谷渾屬(shu)地(di)(di)。隋大業五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(609),隨軍擊敗(bai)吐(tu)(tu)(tu)谷渾,置四(si)郡,今烏(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)屬(shu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)西郡宣德縣(xian)(xian)(xian)轄,隋末,吐(tu)(tu)(tu)谷渾復據(ju)(ju)地(di)(di)。唐(tang)貞觀九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(635)唐(tang)將(jiang)率兵擊敗(bai)吐(tu)(tu)(tu)谷渾,今烏(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)成為(wei)唐(tang)朝藩(fan)屬(shu)。龍(long)朔三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(663),吐(tu)(tu)(tu)蕃(fan)王國(guo)滅吐(tu)(tu)(tu)谷渾據(ju)(ju)有其地(di)(di),今烏(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)隸吐(tu)(tu)(tu)蕃(fan)臘城(cheng)節度使。1956年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)始烏(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)實行(xing)細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)綿羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改良(liang),當(dang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)引進(jin)(jin)(jin)高(gao)加(jia)索美利奴細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)綿羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改良(liang),向細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)向發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),方(fang)法是簡單的(de)(de)(de)級進(jin)(jin)(jin)雜交。1963年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)確定(ding)(ding)向毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)肉(rou)兼(jian)(jian)用(yong)半細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)向改良(liang)。1971年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),從青(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)省湖東種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)場和安(an)徽(hui)大柳種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)場引進(jin)(jin)(jin)英國(guo)和新西蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)羅姆尼——瑪許長毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)型種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)配種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底,全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)綿羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改良(liang)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)均實現(xian)(xian)綿羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改良(liang)雜種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)化。1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)7月,經(jing)(jing)省綿羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)委(wei)員會(hui)鑒(jian)定(ding)(ding)驗(yan)收,重(zhong)點綿羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改良(liang)育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)區(qu)(qu)巴音鄉(xiang)(現(xian)(xian)在(zai)與(yu)(yu)茶(cha)(cha)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)鎮合(he)并(bing))的(de)(de)(de)綿羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),達到(dao)和超過(guo)育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)指(zhi)標,通(tong)(tong)過(guo)驗(yan)收并(bing)被(bei)青(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)省人(ren)民政府命(ming)名為(wei)“青(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)高(gao)原毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)肉(rou)兼(jian)(jian)用(yong)半細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”,因該品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最(zui)早在(zai)茶(cha)(cha)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)改良(liang)育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),因此當(dang)地(di)(di)老百(bai)姓稱(cheng)其為(wei)“茶(cha)(cha)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”。1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),農業部將(jiang)烏(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)定(ding)(ding)為(wei)半細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)商品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)基(ji)地(di)(di)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。育(yu)(yu)成的(de)(de)(de)羅茨新蒙型半細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),適(shi)應當(dang)地(di)(di)高(gao)寒、干旱、缺氧的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然(ran)環境(jing),耐粗放管理,能登山遠(yuan)牧,抓膘(biao)快,保膘(biao)好,有較強的(de)(de)(de)抗病能力,遺傳性能穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)。改革開(kai)放以(yi)來,青(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)高(gao)原毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)肉(rou)兼(jian)(jian)用(yong)半細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(茶(cha)(cha)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang))得(de)到(dao)快速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。據(ju)(ju)統計,1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)綿羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)存(cun)欄(lan)15.84萬(wan)只(zhi),到(dao)2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)綿羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)存(cun)欄(lan)25.23萬(wan)只(zhi)。茶(cha)(cha)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)現(xian)(xian)有茶(cha)(cha)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)10萬(wan)只(zhi),其中能繁母畜(chu)6萬(wan)只(zhi),到(dao)2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底,全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)飼養量達到(dao)41.4萬(wan)只(zhi)。2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)招(zhao)商引資組建了“青(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)省高(gao)原肉(rou)食品(pin)(pin)有限公司”,開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)系列(lie)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)。已(yi)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)有“涮羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)”、“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)珍”、“火鍋(guo)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)”、“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)串(chuan)”、“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)餡(xian)”等(deng)系列(lie)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)。產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)于(yu)2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)注冊“茶(cha)(cha)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)洋”牌商標。經(jing)(jing)過(guo)幾(ji)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),已(yi)初步形成生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)、加(jia)工(gong)(gong)、銷售(shou)的(de)(de)(de)茶(cha)(cha)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業鏈條,其發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)前(qian)景十分(fen)廣闊。
三.地域范圍
烏(wu)蘭(lan)茶(cha)卡(ka)羊養殖地(di)域保(bao)護范圍為青(qing)海省烏(wu)蘭(lan)縣茶(cha)卡(ka)鎮境內。烏(wu)蘭(lan)地(di)理(li)坐(zuo)標為:東經99°01′至99°27′,北緯(wei)36°19′至36°20′東西寬(kuan)80公(gong)里,南北長30公(gong)里,幅員面(mian)積12858.16平方公(gong)里。產(chan)地(di)適宜養植范圍東經98°54′至99°27′,北緯(wei)36°41′至36°50′,東西寬(kuan)80公(gong)里,南北寬(kuan)70公(gong)里,面(mian)積56平方公(gong)里。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征
1、外在感官(guan)特(te)征:青海高原毛肉兼用(yong)半(ban)細(xi)毛羊(yang)(yang)及(ji)半(ban)細(xi)毛羊(yang)(yang)改良(liang)羊(yang)(yang)的外貌特(te)征因選配(pei)公羊(yang)(yang)而異。今茶(cha)卡地區改良(liang)歷史較(jiao)長(chang),導(dao)入羅(luo)血后,半(ban)細(xi)毛羊(yang)(yang)及(ji)半(ban)細(xi)毛改良(liang)羊(yang)(yang)呈(cheng)傾向羅(luo)姆尼——瑪許親本體(ti)態,身軀(qu)發育(yu)勻(yun)稱,頭(tou)短(duan)寬,額寬廣,鼻平(ping)直,嘴短(duan)而粗,肩胛和(he)前驅結(jie)合良(liang)好,胸深而廣,筋骨(gu)開張良(liang)好,背平(ping)直,十字部(bu)寬平(ping),臀股(gu)部(bu)豐滿,肢偏短(duan),蹄堅(jian)實,多呈(cheng)淡(dan)黑色。肉質(zhi)鮮嫩、口味純正(zheng)、肥而不(bu)膩(ni)、滑而爽口、口感地道(dao)純正(zheng),具(ju)滋補(bu)功效。是(shi)名副其實的純天然綠色食品。
2、內在品質指標:羊肉品質優,營養價值(zhi)較高(gao)。水分≥65.0%,總(zong)蛋(dan)白(bai)22~28.0%(實(shi)際(ji)值(zhi)為28%);總(zong)脂肪4.0~5.5%(實(shi)際(ji)值(zhi)為6.0%);粗纖(xian)維≤0.15%(實(shi)際(ji)值(zhi)為0.1%);膽固(gu)醇≤700mg/kg;富含17種(zhong)氨基(ji)(ji)酸,氨基(ji)(ji)酸總(zong)量19.01%。
3、安全要求:衛生指標執行NY5147-2002《無公害食品羊(yang)肉(rou)》標準規定。
五.特定生產方(fang)式
1、產(chan)地(di)(di)選(xuan)擇與特殊內容規定:烏蘭(lan)茶(cha)(cha)卡羊(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)在烏蘭(lan)縣(xian)茶(cha)(cha)卡境內的(de)原(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境中,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)環(huan)境具有獨特的(de)氣(qi)候、純天然、無污染的(de)優(you)良天然草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)質(zhi)。境內無工業污染,土(tu)壤、空(kong)氣(qi)、水質(zhi)均優(you),原(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境良好。草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)以山(shan)地(di)(di)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)類(lei)(lei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)、高寒草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)類(lei)(lei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)、山(shan)地(di)(di)荒漠類(lei)(lei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)、高寒荒漠類(lei)(lei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)、山(shan)地(di)(di)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)甸類(lei)(lei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)、高寒草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)甸類(lei)(lei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)、沼澤類(lei)(lei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)等草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)類(lei)(lei)型,植被多樣且豐富,有禾本科(ke)、莎草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)科(ke)、豆(dou)科(ke)、藜科(ke)、菊科(ke)等眾多天然牧(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)品(pin)種,主要優(you)中等牧(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)有紫(zi)花(hua)針茅、早熟(shu)禾、垂(chui)穗披堿(jian)(jian)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、扇穗冰(bing)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、細(xi)葉苔、矮(ai)嵩(song)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、貝(bei)氏嵩(song)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、小(xiao)嵩(song)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、芨芨草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、賴草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、固沙(sha)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、鹽瓜(gua)瓜(gua)、紅沙(sha)、豬毛菜(cai)、堿(jian)(jian)逢、檉柳、梭梭等。為放養茶(cha)(cha)卡羊(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)提供了豐富的(de)飼(si)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)資(zi)源,農戶所用的(de)補飼(si)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)料(liao)、精料(liao)都是(shi)當地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)秸稈(gan)、馬(ma)鈴薯和(he)豆(dou)類(lei)(lei)籽實或粉(fen)碎(sui)料(liao)。全(quan)縣(xian)境內環(huan)境、飲用水、大氣(qi)土(tu)壤均符合《環(huan)境空(kong)氣(qi)質(zhi)量標準》(GB3095)、《無公害(hai)食品(pin)畜禽飲用水水質(zhi)》(NY5027-2001)、《綠(lv)色食品(pin)產(chan)地(di)(di)環(huan)境技(ji)術條件》(NT/T391-2000)的(de)要求,非常適合茶(cha)(cha)卡羊(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)。
2、品種(zhong)選(xuan)擇與特定要求(qiu)(qiu):茶卡羊(yang)(yang)是經過長期的(de)自然(ran)選(xuan)擇和人工(gong)選(xuan)育而成(cheng)(cheng)的(de),生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)中選(xuan)擇的(de)羊(yang)(yang)符(fu)合以下(xia)特征和要求(qiu)(qiu):體質(zhi)堅(jian)實,頭較(jiao)長,著生(sheng)(sheng)刺毛,頸較(jiao)細(xi)長,前驅發育較(jiao)差,肩胛部稍高(gao),背平或(huo)稍凹,斜尻,四肢高(gao)而健壯,蹄質(zhi)堅(jian)實光(guang)滑,膝部和大(da)腿著生(sheng)(sheng)刺毛,公(gong)羊(yang)(yang)有螺旋大(da)角,母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)角較(jiao)細(xi)小,部分無角。成(cheng)(cheng)年母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)體高(gao)比周歲(sui)母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)高(gao)4%,比斷(duan)奶母(mu)羔高(gao)18.3%;比周歲(sui)母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)高(gao)8.1%,比斷(duan)奶母(mu)羔高(gao)9.5%;胸(xiong)圍比周歲(sui)母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)高(gao)7.3%,比斷(duan)奶母(mu)羔高(gao)19.5%。公(gong)羊(yang)(yang)成(cheng)(cheng)年羊(yang)(yang)體高(gao)比周歲(sui)公(gong)羊(yang)(yang)高(gao)10.5%,體長高(gao)10.4%。
3、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程管(guan)理飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi):采(cai)用(yong)半(ban)(ban)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)半(ban)(ban)舍飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi),夏(xia)(xia)秋(qiu)兩(liang)季以(yi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),食(shi)(shi)天(tian)然牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao),冬(dong)(dong)春(chun)兩(liang)季白天(tian)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),晚(wan)(wan)上(shang)進(jin)行(xing)適(shi)(shi)當(dang)(dang)補飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)。四季草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)要求;選擇(ze)(ze)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di)(di)應根據(ju)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)對象、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)及生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)水平綜合(he)思考。春(chun)節草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang);放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)時出(chu)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)宜遲(chi),歸(gui)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)宜早(zao)(zao),中(zhong)午(wu)可(ke)不回圈,使羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)只(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)吃些草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)以(yi)便(bian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)只(zhi)(zhi)及早(zao)(zao)恢(hui)復體(ti)力,為(wei)以(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)抓膘(biao)(biao)創造條件(jian)。為(wei)防羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)只(zhi)(zhi)因“搶青”而(er)引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腹瀉,由東草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)進(jin)入(ru)春(chun)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)應逐漸過(guo)(guo)渡,等(deng)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)只(zhi)(zhi)消(xiao)化器官適(shi)(shi)應后(hou)(hou)(hou),再充(chong)分放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)青草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)。夏(xia)(xia)季草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang);應到(dao)高(gao)(gao)山牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),盡量(liang)延(yan)長(chang)(chang)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)時間,宜早(zao)(zao)出(chu)晚(wan)(wan)歸(gui),使羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)(qun)(qun)盡可(ke)能(neng)吃飽,中(zhong)午(wu)可(ke)不回圈,但在(zai)最熱(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候,可(ke)選擇(ze)(ze)高(gao)(gao)燥涼爽(shuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)或(huo)在(zai)樹蔭(yin)下(xia),讓羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)(qun)(qun)臥憩。秋(qiu)季草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang);羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)(qun)(qun)宜晚(wan)(wan)出(chu)晚(wan)(wan)歸(gui),中(zhong)午(wu)繼(ji)續放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),選擇(ze)(ze)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)豐盛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山腰和(he)(he)(he)山腳地(di)(di)帶放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),盡量(liang)利(li)用(yong)較遠(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)地(di)(di),抓好(hao)秋(qiu)膘(biao)(biao),利(li)于越冬(dong)(dong)。在(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)區(qu)或(huo)半(ban)(ban)農(nong)(nong)(nong)半(ban)(ban)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)區(qu),羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)(qun)(qun)還可(ke)到(dao)收(shou)過(guo)(guo)莊稼(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)茬地(di)(di)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),對羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)(qun)(qun)營養有(you)(you)較大補益。冬(dong)(dong)季草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang);應選擇(ze)(ze)地(di)(di)勢較低和(he)(he)(he)山巒環抱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)向陽(yang)平攤地(di)(di)區(qu)去放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。冬(dong)(dong)季放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)不宜過(guo)(guo)遠(yuan),以(yi)便(bian)遇到(dao)天(tian)氣驟變時能(neng)很快返場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),保(bao)(bao)證羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)(qun)(qun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)。冬(dong)(dong)季放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)任務是(shi)(shi)保(bao)(bao)膘(biao)(biao)、保(bao)(bao)胎和(he)(he)(he)安全(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)。牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)區(qu)冬(dong)(dong)季很長(chang)(chang),草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)不足,應節約用(yong)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di)(di)。應先遠(yuan)后(hou)(hou)(hou)近,先陰(yin)后(hou)(hou)(hou)陽(yang),先高(gao)(gao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)低,先溝后(hou)(hou)(hou)平,玩出(chu)晚(wan)(wan)歸(gui),慢(man)走漫(man)游。由放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)轉為(wei)補飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si),不可(ke)驟變改變,以(yi)免引起便(bian)秘(mi)。羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)(qun)(qun)進(jin)入(ru)冬(dong)(dong)季草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)前(qian),最好(hao)進(jin)行(xing)整群(qun)(qun)(qun),除(chu)老弱羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)和(he)(he)(he)營養太(tai)差的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適(shi)(shi)當(dang)(dang)淘(tao)汰(tai)(tai)外,其余按營養狀況(kuang)組群(qun)(qun)(qun)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)選擇(ze)(ze):飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)搭配按照以(yi)青粗飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),適(shi)(shi)當(dang)(dang)補充(chong)精料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)為(wei)輔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則(ze)進(jin)行(xing)。飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)清潔衛生(sheng),無毒(du)無害。精料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)根據(ju)各(ge)養殖(zhi)戶生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糧食(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類情況(kuang)而(er)定(ding),主(zhu)(zhu)要用(yong)玉米、小麥等(deng)經(jing)粉碎后(hou)(hou)(hou)做為(wei)精料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)或(huo)直接用(yong)玉米、小麥喂養。豆(dou)科牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)在(zai)始(shi)花(hua)(hua)期到(dao)盛花(hua)(hua)期收(shou)割,禾(he)本科牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)在(zai)抽穗期到(dao)花(hua)(hua)開(kai)期收(shou)割,干(gan)(gan)(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)曬制(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法采(cai)用(yong)田(tian)間自然曬干(gan)(gan)(gan)法或(huo)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)于木制(zhi)架上(shang)曬干(gan)(gan)(gan)法。為(wei)提高(gao)(gao)青干(gan)(gan)(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)用(yong)率(lv),在(zai)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)喂前(qian)將(jiang)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)切成3厘米左右(you)或(huo)打成草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)粉飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)喂。 管(guan)理方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi):種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)全(quan)年(nian)保(bao)(bao)證供給(gei)較高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養物(wu)質(zhi),并給(gei)予適(shi)(shi)當(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)動(dong)(dong),在(zai)配種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旺季,混(hun)合(he)精料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)1.2~1.4kg,苜蓿干(gan)(gan)(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)或(huo)野生(sheng)干(gan)(gan)(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)2 kg胡(hu)蘿卜(bu)0.5~1.5kg,食(shi)(shi)鹽15~20kg。分2~3次(ci)(ci)給(gei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),飲水3~4次(ci)(ci),每(mei)(mei)日放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)時間約為(wei)6h。后(hou)(hou)(hou)備種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)與(yu)母羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)分開(kai)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養,便(bian)于補飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)及管(guan)理。羔(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)出(chu)生(sheng)后(hou)(hou)(hou),14d即可(ke)訓(xun)練(lian)早(zao)(zao)吃草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),30d以(yi)內羔(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)每(mei)(mei)天(tian)每(mei)(mei)只(zhi)(zhi)補飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)精料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)50~100g,1~2月(yue)(yue)齡補飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)精料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)150g,日喂2次(ci)(ci)。3~4月(yue)(yue)齡補飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)精料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)200g,日喂2~3次(ci)(ci)。飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類應多(duo)樣化,最好(hao)有(you)(you)豆(dou)餅(bing)、玉米、麩皮等(deng)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)上(shang)混(hun)合(he),并可(ke)混(hun)入(ru)2%食(shi)(shi)鹽和(he)(he)(he)2.5%—3%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)礦物(wu)質(zhi),另外補喂優質(zhi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)和(he)(he)(he)多(duo)汁飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。育(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)管(guan)理方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi):茶卡羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)育(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)育(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),是(shi)(shi)利(li)用(yong)天(tian)然草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、人工草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)或(huo)秋(qiu)茬地(di)(di)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),大羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)包括淘(tao)汰(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)、母種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、兩(liang)年(nian)未懷(huai)孕不能(neng)繁(fan)殖(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空懷(huai)母羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)在(zai)禾(he)本科牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)較多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。羔(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)要指斷奶后(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)后(hou)(hou)(hou)備公(gong)羔(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),適(shi)(shi)宜在(zai)以(yi)豆(dou)科牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)期放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)育(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)安排在(zai)6月(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬到(dao)8月(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬,則(ze)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)個月(yue)(yue)全(quan)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。第(di)(di)二(er)個月(yue)(yue)補加(jia)精料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)每(mei)(mei)只(zhi)(zhi)每(mei)(mei)日200kg,此(ci)后(hou)(hou)(hou)精料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)補加(jia)到(dao)400kg;第(di)(di)二(er)期放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)育(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)安排在(zai)9月(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬到(dao)10月(yue)(yue)底,則(ze)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)個月(yue)(yue)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時補加(jia)精料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)200~300k。第(di)(di)二(er)個月(yue)(yue)補加(jia)精料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)500g;二(er)是(shi)(shi)舍飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)育(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),是(shi)(shi)育(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)都在(zai)冬(dong)(dong)春(chun)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)枯萎時期,或(huo)在(zai)屠宰短(duan)期內進(jin)行(xing),所用(yong)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)除(chu)優良豆(dou)科、禾(he)本科干(gan)(gan)(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)外,還有(you)(you)工業加(jia)工副產(chan)(chan)品如酒糟、油(you)餅(bing)以(yi)及含淀(dian)粉高(gao)(gao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)副產(chan)(chan)品。疫(yi)病(bing)防治:嚴格按照國家(jia)有(you)(you)關(guan)規定(ding)進(jin)行(xing)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)只(zhi)(zhi)口蹄疫(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防疫(yi)注射,根據(ju)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)疫(yi)病(bing)發(fa)生(sheng)情況(kuang)進(jin)行(xing)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)傳染性胸膜(mo)肺炎和(he)(he)(he)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)四聯苗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)免疫(yi),所用(yong)疫(yi)苗全(quan)部(bu)來(lai)自省、市級動(dong)(dong)物(wu)防疫(yi)監督(du)(du)機構(gou)。嚴格按照《獸(shou)醫(yi)管(guan)理條例(li)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標準使用(yong)獸(shou)藥和(he)(he)(he)疫(yi)苗。在(zai)縣動(dong)(dong)物(wu)防疫(yi)監督(du)(du)站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指導和(he)(he)(he)監督(du)(du)下(xia),由各(ge)鎮畜牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)獸(shou)醫(yi)員負責疫(yi)病(bing)防治等(deng)各(ge)項具(ju)體(ti)工作(zuo)。
4、茶卡(ka)羊(yang)(yang)屠(tu)宰(zai)、加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu) 茶卡(ka)羊(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)屠(tu)宰(zai)為人工(gong)(gong)(gong)操作,用尖(jian)刀在羊(yang)(yang)只枕寰關節處穿刺(ci),切(qie)斷脊椎神經,再割斷頸動脈放血(xue),然(ran)后(hou)(hou)剝皮,去(qu)頭、蹄,取(qu)出內臟(zang),羊(yang)(yang)腸(chang)去(qu)除內容物并洗凈后(hou)(hou)和(he)羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)進行深(shen)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)或將羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)剁成適度大小的(de)(de)(de)(de)坨坨,煮熟(shu)后(hou)(hou)即可食(shi)用,可不加(jia)任何調(diao)味品(pin),撒少許鹽(yan),也可撒上適量鹽(yan)、辣椒,花(hua)椒等,依(yi)個人口味而定(ding)。羊(yang)(yang)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)深(shen)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)目(mu)前主(zhu)要(yao)有 “青(qing)海省(sheng)藏源肉(rou)食(shi)品(pin)公司”、“青(qing)海省(sheng)高原肉(rou)食(shi)品(pin)公司”兩(liang)家(jia)企業,主(zhu)要(yao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)“涮羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)”、“羊(yang)(yang)珍”、“火鍋羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)”、“羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)串”、“羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)餡”等“茶卡(ka)洋”牌系列產(chan)(chan)品(pin),并上市(shi)銷(xiao)售,市(shi)場前景看好。并制(zhi)定(ding)有產(chan)(chan)品(pin)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)標(biao)準5、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄要(yao)求:烏蘭縣(xian)農牧局專業技(ji)術(shu)人員和(he)烏蘭縣(xian)那仁郭(guo)勒養殖(zhi)專業合作社(she)負(fu)責茶卡(ka)羊(yang)(yang)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)各(ge)環節的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)培訓(xun)與指導、信息服務、質量監督檢查等方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作。具體的(de)(de)(de)(de)現場指導、服務、監督及疫(yi)(yi)病防(fang)治工(gong)(gong)(gong)作由茶卡(ka)鎮畜牧獸(shou)醫站(zhan)組(zu)織(zhi)實施,重點(dian)監督飼(si)料、獸(shou)藥的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用,按規定(ding)和(he)需要(yao)開展口蹄疫(yi)(yi)、羊(yang)(yang)痘、傳染性(xing)胸膜肺炎的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)疫(yi)(yi),建(jian)立(li)健全(quan)免疫(yi)(yi)(包(bao)括:疫(yi)(yi)苗的(de)(de)(de)(de)名稱、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)廠家(jia)、批號、劑(ji)量、免疫(yi)(yi)時間等)、用藥、無害化處理等養殖(zhi)檔案記(ji)錄,以備(bei)查閱。
六.包(bao)裝標識(shi)相關規(gui)定
1、技(ji)術要求、檢驗方(fang)法、貯藏和(he)運(yun)輸:按(an)照(zhao)NY5147-2002《無公害食品(pin)羊肉》相關(guan)要求執行(xing)。
2、標(biao)識和包(bao)裝(zhuang):標(biao)識按(an)照《農(nong)(nong)產品地(di)理標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)管理辦法》第十四條規(gui)定(ding)執行;包(bao)裝(zhuang)上(shang)規(gui)范使用農(nong)(nong)產品地(di)理標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(烏蘭縣茶卡(ka)羊(yang)名稱和公共標(biao)識圖案組(zu)合(he)標(biao)注型式(shi))。