一.產品介紹
延壽縣(xian)(xian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)大豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)至(zhi)今已有近100年(nian)(nian)的(de)歷史(shi)。據《延壽縣(xian)(xian)志》記載(zai),建縣(xian)(xian)(1903年(nian)(nian))開(kai)始農(nong)(nong)民(min)就種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)大豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou),到(dao)(dao)民(min)國20年(nian)(nian)(1931年(nian)(nian)),大豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)積已達53.6萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)。由于(yu)日(ri)本侵略者(zhe)的(de)掠奪,大豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)生產受到(dao)(dao)影響,到(dao)(dao)1945年(nian)(nian)大豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)積下降到(dao)(dao)43.4萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)。到(dao)(dao)1949年(nian)(nian)大豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)積減少到(dao)(dao)18萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)。從1981年(nian)(nian)開(kai)始試驗示范并推廣東農(nong)(nong)26大豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)新(xin)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及高(gao)產栽培技(ji)術(shu),逐步(bu)(bu)結(jie)束(shu)大豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)人(ren)工埯種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、扣種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)傳統種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)術(shu)。實行(xing)起壟(long)合(he)理密植(zhi)(zhi)栽培技(ji)術(shu)。大豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)產量(liang)有原來的(de)畝(mu)(mu)產100-150斤,一(yi)躍(yue)提(ti)升到(dao)(dao)300-350斤,實現翻番增產。到(dao)(dao)1990年(nian)(nian)在肥料使用上(shang),結(jie)合(he)有機肥逐步(bu)(bu)增施化(hua)肥用量(liang),在除(chu)草(cao)方面(mian)結(jie)合(he)人(ren)工中(zhong)耕除(chu)草(cao)逐步(bu)(bu)推行(xing)化(hua)學除(chu)草(cao),減輕農(nong)(nong)民(min)勞(lao)動量(liang)。到(dao)(dao)1999年(nian)(nian),大豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)積發展到(dao)(dao)40萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu),到(dao)(dao)2007年(nian)(nian)大豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)積發展到(dao)(dao)60萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu),產量(liang)9萬(wan)噸。全(quan)面(mian)整合(he)大豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),按區(qu)域布局和積溫(wen)區(qu)劃,全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)主推五黑農(nong)(nong)54、黑農(nong)(nong)48、黑農(nong)(nong)38、黑農(nong)(nong)44和合(he)豐45等核心品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)化(hua)率(lv)達到(dao)(dao)95%以(yi)上(shang)。
二(er).自然(ran)生(sheng)態環(huan)境和人文歷(li)史因素(su)
本(ben)部(bu)分(fen)內容主要表述影響延(yan)壽(shou)大豆(dou)品質(zhi)(zhi)、特色形成和保持的(de)下列內容: (1)土壤地貌情況:延(yan)壽(shou)大豆(dou)生產地域地勢(shi)平坦,無工業“三廢”污染,地凈田潔,土質(zhi)(zhi)肥(fei)沃,為黑粘(zhan)土、沙(sha)壤土質(zhi)(zhi),地勢(shi)低洼,土壤有機質(zhi)(zhi)含量3%—6%,自然肥(fei)力較(jiao)高,特別(bie)適合大豆(dou)生長。
(2)水(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況:黑龍江省哈爾(er)濱市延壽縣境內有(you)螞蜒河、亮(liang)珠河兩(liang)大水(shui)(shui)系,該基地位(wei)于灌(guan)溉區上游,無任何污染。氣(qi)候(hou)溫和,光照充(chong)足,雨量充(chong)沛(pei),生(sheng)態環境良好,森林覆蓋率在46.9%。現有(you)中型(xing)水(shui)(shui)庫2座(zuo),小型(xing)水(shui)(shui)庫25座(zuo),萬畝(mu)以上灌(guan)區10處,提水(shui)(shui)灌(guan)溉站點617處,塘壩1,600座(zuo)。
(3)延壽縣地處中(zhong)緯度亞洲大陸東側,屬中(zhong)溫帶大陸性(xing)季風氣(qi)候。全縣年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫為(wei)(wei)2.6℃。歷年(nian)最低氣(qi)溫為(wei)(wei)-42.6℃,歷年(nian)最高氣(qi)溫為(wei)(wei)35℃,多年(nian)平(ping)均積溫螞蜒河兩岸(an)為(wei)(wei)2493.5℃,山(shan)區(qu)與平(ping)原過渡地帶丘陵漫崗區(qu)為(wei)(wei)2300℃左右。多年(nian)平(ping)均無霜(shuang)期為(wei)(wei)122—129天。縣境(jing)內年(nian)平(ping)均降水量為(wei)(wei)570.9毫米,年(nian)平(ping)均日照時數為(wei)(wei)2490.1小(xiao)時,延壽縣的(de)氣(qi)候特點是典(dian)型的(de)水旱兼(jian)作農業氣(qi)候區(qu)。
(4)人(ren)文歷史(shi)(shi)情況(kuang):延(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)壽(shou)縣(xian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)至今已有(you)近100年(nian)(nian)的歷史(shi)(shi)。據《延(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)壽(shou)縣(xian)志》記(ji)載,建(jian)縣(xian)(1903年(nian)(nian))開(kai)始農(nong)民就種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou),到(dao)(dao)(dao)民國(guo)20年(nian)(nian)(1931年(nian)(nian)),大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)已達536820畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。到(dao)(dao)(dao)偽康德(de)元年(nian)(nian)(1934年(nian)(nian))猛(meng)增(zeng)到(dao)(dao)(dao)433950畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。由于(yu)日本(ben)侵略者(zhe)的掠奪,大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)生產(chan)受(shou)到(dao)(dao)(dao)影響,到(dao)(dao)(dao)1945年(nian)(nian)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)下降到(dao)(dao)(dao)433950畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。到(dao)(dao)(dao)1949年(nian)(nian)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)達到(dao)(dao)(dao)180120畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。到(dao)(dao)(dao)1985年(nian)(nian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)186913畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),牧場234斤。總產(chan)4379萬(wan)斤。從1981年(nian)(nian)開(kai)始試驗示(shi)范并推廣(guang)(guang)東農(nong)26大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)新(xin)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及高產(chan)栽(zai)培技(ji)術(shu),逐步(bu)結束大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)埯種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、扣種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的傳統種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)術(shu)。實行起壟(long)合(he)理密植(zhi)(zhi)栽(zai)培技(ji)術(shu)。大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)產(chan)量有(you)原來的畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)產(chan)100-150斤,一躍提升到(dao)(dao)(dao)300-350斤,實現(xian)翻番增(zeng)產(chan)。到(dao)(dao)(dao)1990年(nian)(nian)在肥(fei)料(liao)使用上,結合(he)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)逐步(bu)增(zeng)施(shi)化(hua)肥(fei)用量,在除草方(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)結合(he)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)耕(geng)除草逐步(bu)推行化(hua)學除草,減(jian)輕農(nong)民勞動(dong)量。到(dao)(dao)(dao)1995年(nian)(nian),由于(yu)高效(xiao)經濟(ji)作物的迅速(su)發(fa)展,部分農(nong)民大(da)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)經濟(ji)作物,到(dao)(dao)(dao)1999年(nian)(nian),大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)展到(dao)(dao)(dao)40萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),從2002年(nian)(nian)開(kai)始大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)逐年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)加,到(dao)(dao)(dao)2007年(nian)(nian)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)展到(dao)(dao)(dao)60萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),產(chan)量6萬(wan)噸。全(quan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)整(zheng)合(he)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),按區域布局和(he)(he)積(ji)(ji)(ji)溫區劃,全(quan)縣(xian)主推五黑(hei)農(nong)54、黑(hei)農(nong)48、黑(hei)農(nong)38、黑(hei)農(nong)44和(he)(he)合(he)豐(feng)45等核(he)心品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)化(hua)率達到(dao)(dao)(dao)90%以上。全(quan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)推廣(guang)(guang)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)龍(long)三栽(zai)培豐(feng)產(chan)技(ji)術(shu)、機(ji)械播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)技(ji)術(shu)、平衡施(shi)肥(fei)技(ji)術(shu)。自2008年(nian)(nian)開(kai)始實施(shi)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)戰略,引進大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)深加工(gong)(gong)企業:哈爾濱延(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)壽(shou)香(xiang)(xiang)其(qi)(qi)醬(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)業有(you)限公(gong)司和(he)(he)哈爾濱延(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)壽(shou)永和(he)(he)食品(pin)(pin)有(you)限公(gong)司。重點打造“香(xiang)(xiang)其(qi)(qi)”品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)和(he)(he)“永和(he)(he)”品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai),把延(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)壽(shou)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)進行深加工(gong)(gong)使延(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)壽(shou)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)加工(gong)(gong)成“香(xiang)(xiang)其(qi)(qi)”牌(pai)(pai)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)瓣(ban)醬(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)及其(qi)(qi)香(xiang)(xiang)辣醬(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)和(he)(he)香(xiang)(xiang)其(qi)(qi)醬(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),走出省(sheng)門打入南方(fang)市場,其(qi)(qi)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)越(yue)來越(yue)亮,越(yue)來越(yue)響。目前,“永和(he)(he)”品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)已成為中(zhong)國(guo)馳(chi)名商(shang)標,“香(xiang)(xiang)其(qi)(qi)”牌(pai)(pai)發(fa)展為省(sheng)著名商(shang)標。這兩(liang)家(jia)企業年(nian)(nian)加工(gong)(gong)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)近2萬(wan)噸。延(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)壽(shou)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)經檢測,沒有(you)農(nong)藥殘留(liu)和(he)(he)重金屬殘留(liu),非常適合(he)做豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)瓣(ban)醬(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。是加工(gong)(gong)香(xiang)(xiang)其(qi)(qi)醬(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的優質原料(liao)。
三.地域范圍
地理(li)位置(zhi)為: 位于(yu)黑龍江省東南(nan)部(bu),張廣才(cai)嶺西(xi)(xi)麓,松(song)花江南(nan)岸(an)的(de)螞蜒河中(zhong)游。東經(jing)127°54'20″至129°04'30″,北(bei)緯45°10'10″至45°45'25″,西(xi)(xi)部(bu)、南(nan)部(bu)與尚志市為鄰,東北(bei)與方正縣接(jie)壤,西(xi)(xi)北(bei)與賓(bin)縣毗連。東西(xi)(xi)長90公里,南(nan)北(bei)寬(kuan)65公里,幅(fu)員面積3,149.55平方公里。全縣有(you)5鎮4鄉(xiang)106個行政(zheng)村,耕地面積161.5萬畝。地理(li)標志保護(hu)區域94600公頃,包(bao)括延(yan)壽鎮、六團鎮、安山鄉(xiang)、壽山鄉(xiang)、玉河鄉(xiang)、延(yan)河鎮、青川鄉(xiang)7個鄉(xiang)鎮的(de)旱田大(da)豆主產區,大(da)豆面積33300公頃。產大(da)豆7萬噸(dun)左右。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)性特(te)征
本部(bu)分內(nei)容主(zhu)要表述反映(ying)登記產品(pin)(pin)特(te)(te)有的品(pin)(pin)質特(te)(te)性(xing)特(te)(te)征和產品(pin)(pin)質量安全方面遵循的規定(ding),主(zhu)要包括:
(1)外在感官特征(zheng):延(yan)壽(shou)大豆多(duo)為(wei)(wei)扁圓(yuan)和長橢圓(yuan)形,粒(li)(li)(li)(li)形較小,籽粒(li)(li)(li)(li)飽滿,百粒(li)(li)(li)(li)重19-21克(ke)左右。粒(li)(li)(li)(li)色(se)(se)一般為(wei)(wei)黃色(se)(se)、淡(dan)黃色(se)(se)。臍色(se)(se)為(wei)(wei)淡(dan)黃色(se)(se)。表面光滑,硬度好。
(2)內(nei)在品質(zhi)指標:由(you)于(yu)(yu)延壽(shou)(shou)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆多種(zhong)于(yu)(yu)山(shan)地(di)(di),其內(nei)在質(zhi)量(liang)和(he)(he)營(ying)養成分明顯優(you)于(yu)(yu)熟(shu)地(di)(di)栽培。經農(nong)業(ye)(ye)部谷物及制品質(zhi)量(liang)監督(du)檢(jian)驗測試中心檢(jian)測粗(cu)蛋白(干 基(ji))含(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)40%、粗(cu)脂肪含(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)20%。粗(cu)纖維含(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)9%、每100g延壽(shou)(shou)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆含(han)a-維生素E含(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)0.1IU、含(han)鈣(gai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)140mg、含(han)鐵(tie)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)8mg、每千克(ke)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆含(han)鋅大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)43mg、含(han)硒大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)0.01mg、17種(zhong)氨基(ji)酸含(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)35%,非常適合加工優(you)質(zhi)豆瓣(ban)醬(jiang)。 目前,延壽(shou)(shou)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆栽培主要分布在南北山(shan)區后開發耕地(di)(di),土壤(rang)以沙壤(rang)土為(wei)主,土壤(rang)有(you)(you)機質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)在5%以上(shang),使用少量(liang)的化肥和(he)(he)農(nong)藥(yao)就可以獲得優(you)質(zhi)高(gao)產大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆,沒有(you)(you)農(nong)藥(yao)殘留(liu)。另外(wai),南北山(shan)區是延壽(shou)(shou)縣(xian)第(di)三、第(di)四積(ji)(ji)溫(wen)(wen)區,晝夜溫(wen)(wen)差大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da),積(ji)(ji)累干物質(zhi)多,內(nei)在質(zhi)量(liang)高(gao)。以延壽(shou)(shou)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆為(wei)原料做的豆瓣(ban)醬(jiang),經哈爾濱延壽(shou)(shou)香其醬(jiang)業(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)限(xian)公司于(yu)(yu)2008年12月(yue)29日,依據GB/T5009.11-2003、GB/5009.12-2003,對砷(As)、鉛(Pb)、農(nong)藥(yao)殘留(liu)三大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)類(lei)190個(ge)子項經普尼測試,檢(jian)測結果全部合格。說明延壽(shou)(shou)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆安全水平高(gao)。
(3)安(an)全要(yao)求:延壽大豆(dou)(dou)在生產(chan)(chan)和加工(gong)過程中嚴(yan)格(ge)執行大豆(dou)(dou)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品地(di)理標志質(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)制技術規范。大豆(dou)(dou)產(chan)(chan)地(di)環境條(tiao)件(jian)符合《無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)食(shi)品、大田(tian)作物產(chan)(chan)地(di)環境條(tiao)件(jian)(NY5332-2006)》等相關文件(jian)的要(yao)求,無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)食(shi)品大豆(dou)(dou),GB/T 8321農(nong)藥合理使用標準(zhun)(zhun),GB428農(nong)藥安(an)全使用規定標準(zhun)(zhun)等國家強制性規定。
五.特定生產(chan)方式
(1)選地(di)與選茬(cha) 要(yao)選擇(ze)(ze)地(di)勢平坦、耕層深厚、土(tu)壤(rang)肥力較高(gao)、經(jing)過(guo)(guo)伏(fu)、秋翻或(huo)耙茬(cha)深松(song)整地(di)的地(di)塊,前茬(cha)以玉米、馬鈴(ling)薯為主(zhu),不(bu)重茬(cha),不(bu)迎茬(cha)。 (2)種(zhong)(zhong)子及其處理 A品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選擇(ze)(ze) 根據當地(di)生態條件,因地(di)制宜的選擇(ze)(ze)經(jing)過(guo)(guo)省農作物品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)審(shen)定(ding)委員會審(shen)定(ding)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)的優(you)質高(gao)產(chan)、熟期適宜、喜肥水、抗逆性強的品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)或(huo)專(zhuan)用品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。大(da)豆45厘米雙(shuang)條密植栽培技術要(yao)選擇(ze)(ze)矮稈(gan)(gan)、半(ban)矮稈(gan)(gan)、耐密稈(gan)(gan)強抗倒(dao)伏(fu)優(you)質高(gao)產(chan)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。 B種(zhong)(zhong)子精選、處理 種(zhong)(zhong)子播前要(yao)進行精選,使種(zhong)(zhong)子純(chun)度、凈度不(bu)低于(yu)98%,發芽率不(bu)低于(yu)90%,含水量不(bu)高(gao)于(yu)12%。
①種(zhong)子包衣。播種(zhong)前(qian)用(yong)(yong)35%多(duo)克福大豆種(zhong)衣劑包衣。防(fang)治(zhi)大豆根腐病可(ke)用(yong)(yong)2.5%的適樂時懸(xuan)浮劑拌種(zhong),大豆根潛葉(xie)蠅(ying)、蠐螬等(deng)地(di)下害(hai)蟲可(ke)用(yong)(yong)50%的辛硫磷拌種(zhong),陰干后即可(ke)播種(zhong)。 ②微肥拌種(zhong)。畝產200公斤、220公斤地(di)塊可(ke)選用(yong)(yong)鉬酸銨、硼鉬微復肥等(deng)進(jin)行拌種(zhong),以提高大豆出苗率和(he)固氮能(neng)力,陰干后可(ke)進(jin)行種(zhong)子包衣。
(3)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei) A施(shi)(shi)底肥(fei) 結合(he)整地200公(gong)斤(jin)地塊(kuai)每(mei)公(gong)頃(qing)施(shi)(shi)腐熟(shu)的有(you)機肥(fei)(有(you)機質含量8%以上(shang))30噸,畝產250公(gong)斤(jin)地塊(kuai)每(mei)公(gong)頃(qing)施(shi)(shi)腐熟(shu)的有(you)機肥(fei)(有(you)機質含量8%以上(shang))45噸,結合(he)秋整地做底肥(fei)一次(ci)施(shi)(shi)入(ru)。 B種肥(fei)
①施(shi)肥原則。采(cai)用(yong)測土配(pei)方平衡施(shi)肥,各地可(ke)根據測土結果(guo)因地制宜確(que)定施(shi)肥量。
②參考施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)。畝(mu)(mu)產(chan)150公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)地(di)塊每公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)化肥(fei)(fei)使(shi)用量(liang)(liang)尿素要在45—50公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)右(you),磷酸(suan)二銨150公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)右(you),硫(liu)酸(suan)鉀50公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)右(you);畝(mu)(mu)產(chan)200公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)地(di)塊每公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)化肥(fei)(fei)使(shi)用量(liang)(liang)尿素50公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)右(you),磷酸(suan)二銨175公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)右(you),硫(liu)酸(suan)鉀75公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)右(you);畝(mu)(mu)產(chan)250公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)地(di)塊每公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)化肥(fei)(fei)使(shi)用量(liang)(liang)尿素50公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)右(you),磷酸(suan)二銨200公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)右(you),硫(liu)酸(suan)鉀100公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)右(you)。
③施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)方(fang)式。在播(bo)種的(de)(de)同(tong)時施(shi)入種肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),種肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)要做到分層(ceng)側深(shen)施(shi),一般分上下(xia)二層(ceng)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),上層(ceng)施(shi)在種下(xia)5~6厘米(mi)處,切忌(ji)種肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)同(tong)位,以免燒種,施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量占(zhan)總施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量的(de)(de)1/3。下(xia)層(ceng)施(shi)在種下(xia)12~14厘米(mi)處;肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量占(zhan)總施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量的(de)(de)2/3。(4)播(bo)種 播(bo)期:
①5月(yue)5日至5月(yue)10日。 ②播(bo)(bo)法 機(ji)械壟上雙行等距精量(liang)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),選擇(ze)氣吸式播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)或2BT—2型(xing)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji),65~70厘(li)米行距;45厘(li)米窄行密(mi)植地塊應用2BTG-3型(xing)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)精量(liang)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 ③播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang) 根(gen)據品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特性、肥水條(tiao)(tiao)件及栽培(pei)方式而定。 公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)播(bo)(bo)量(liang)公(gong)(gong)斤/公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)=公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)保苗(miao)(miao)數×百粒重(g)/凈度(%)×發芽(ya)率(lv)(lv)(%)×105×{1+田間(jian)損失率(lv)(lv)(%)}田間(jian)損失率(lv)(lv)以10%計算(suan),實播(bo)(bo)量(liang)與計算(suan)誤差為±3%。 壟三”栽培(pei)技術要求公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)保苗(miao)(miao)25-30萬株;45厘(li)米雙條(tiao)(tiao)密(mi)植栽培(pei)技術要求公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)保苗(miao)(miao)35-40萬株。 ④播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質量(liang) 播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)均勻(yun)無斷(duan)條(tiao)(tiao),20厘(li)米內無籽(zi)為斷(duan)條(tiao)(tiao),每(mei)5米斷(duan)條(tiao)(tiao)不(bu)超過一(yi)處。機(ji)械壟上播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時應對準壟頂中心,偏(pian)差為±3厘(li)米。
(5)田間管理
A中耕(geng) 當大(da)豆拱(gong)土時,進行(xing)鏟前深(shen)松。出苗后及(ji)時鏟趟(tang),做到兩鏟三趟(tang),鏟趟(tang)傷苗率小于3%。后期拔凈大(da)草。
B灌水(shui) 根據旱情(qing)和生長發育需水(shui)規律各地(di)要(yao)因地(di)制(zhi)宜進行灌水(shui)。
C促(cu)控(kong)(kong)結合 大豆(dou)(dou)前(qian)期(qi)長勢較弱時,在大豆(dou)(dou)初花(hua)(hua)期(qi)每(mei)公(gong)(gong)頃用(yong)尿素(su)(su)10公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)加磷酸(suan)二(er)氫(qing)鉀1.5-2.5公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)溶于500公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)水中噴施,并根據需要加入硼(peng)鉬等微量元素(su)(su)肥料。大豆(dou)(dou)植株生長旺盛,在初花(hua)(hua)期(qi)選用(yong)多效唑、三碘苯甲酸(suan)等化控(kong)(kong)劑進行調控(kong)(kong),控(kong)(kong)制大豆(dou)(dou)徒長,防止后期(qi)倒伏。
D化學除草
①播后(hou)苗(miao)前(qian)(qian)土壤(rang)封(feng)閉處理。春季干旱區提倡苗(miao)后(hou)除草,如(ru)土壤(rang)墑情好可(ke)采取土壤(rang)封(feng)閉處理。在大豆播后(hou)出苗(miao)前(qian)(qian),每公頃用90%乙(yi)草胺(禾耐斯)1800~2250毫(hao)升(sheng)加48%廣滅靈800~1000毫(hao)升(sheng)對水450公斤土壤(rang)噴霧。
②莖(jing)葉(xie)處(chu)理。在(zai)大豆出苗(miao)后(hou),雜草(cao)2~4葉(xie)期,每公(gong)頃用5%精(jing)禾草(cao)克(ke)乳油(you)750~900毫(hao)升(sheng)加25%的氟磺(huang)胺草(cao)醚1000~1500毫(hao)升(sheng),對(dui)水450公(gong)斤噴霧。
E病蟲害綜合(he)防治
①蚜(ya)(ya)蟲。點(dian)片發(fa)生并有(you)5%~10%的植(zhi)株卷(juan)葉或有(you)蚜(ya)(ya)株率達到(dao)50%時(shi),百株蚜(ya)(ya)量(liang)達1500頭以上,天敵數量(liang)很少時(shi),每(mei)公頃用10%的吡蟲啉1500克對水450~500公斤噴霧。
②大豆食心蟲。當上一年的(de)蟲食率達(da)到(dao)5%以上時達(da)到(dao)防治指(zhi)標,每公頃用80%敵敵畏乳油(you)1500~2000毫升制成毒棍,每4壟插(cha)一行,每5m插(cha)一根,或用菊(ju)酯類的(de)農藥常規噴霧(wu)。
③草地螟(ming)。大(da)豆百株有幼蟲(chong)30頭~50頭,大(da)部分幼蟲(chong)3齡期,可用2.5%敵殺死225~300毫升對水450~500公斤(jin)常規噴霧。
④大(da)豆菌核(he)病。7月初(chu)用(yong)25%施(shi)保克(ke)1500毫升/公(gong)頃或40%菌核(he)凈1050克(ke)/公(gong)頃于發(fa)病初(chu)期噴一次,隔7天(tian)~10天(tian)再噴一次。
(6)收(shou)獲(huo)(huo) A收(shou)獲(huo)(huo)時期 人工收(shou)獲(huo)(huo),落葉(xie)達90%時進行;機(ji)械聯合收(shou)割,葉(xie)片全(quan)部落凈、豆粒歸圓時進行。 B收(shou)割質(zhi)量 割茬(cha)低(di),不(bu)留莢(jia),割茬(cha)高度以(yi)不(bu)留底(di)莢(jia)為準,一般為5~6厘(li)米。收(shou)割損失(shi)率(lv)(lv)小于1%,脫(tuo)粒損失(shi)率(lv)(lv)小于2%,破碎(sui)率(lv)(lv)小于5%,泥花(hua)臉率(lv)(lv)小于5%,清潔率(lv)(lv)大于95%。
六.包裝標(biao)識相關規(gui)定(ding)
(1)延壽大(da)(da)豆的分級(ji):延壽大(da)(da)豆分為三個(ge)等級(ji),為一等大(da)(da)豆,二等大(da)(da)豆 和三等大(da)(da)豆。
(2)標(biao)識:標(biao)志使用人應在其(qi)產(chan)品或包裝(zhuang)上統一使用農產(chan)品地理標(biao)志( 延壽大(da)豆名稱和公共標(biao)識圖案組合(he)標(biao)注形式)。
(3)包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝:編織袋(dai)包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝,規格25公斤/袋(dai)。包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝材(cai)料(liao)符(fu)合(he)(he)國家糧食包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝衛生要求,并符(fu)合(he)(he)環(huan)境(jing)保護的要求。包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝材(cai)料(liao)堅固、清潔、干燥(zao)、無(wu)任(ren)何昆(kun) 蟲傳(chuan)播、真(zhen)菌污(wu)染(ran)及不良氣(qi)味。
(4)貯(zhu)(zhu)存(cun)(cun):在避光、常溫、干燥和(he)有(you)防潮(chao)設(she)施處貯(zhu)(zhu)存(cun)(cun)。 原料(liao)按(an)指(zhi)定原料(liao)庫(ku)貯(zhu)(zhu)存(cun)(cun),貯(zhu)(zhu)存(cun)(cun)數量,執行管理(li)規定。貯(zhu)(zhu)存(cun)(cun)庫(ku)房(fang)清潔、干燥、通風良好,無蟲害及鼠害。嚴禁與有(you)毒、有(you)害、有(you)腐蝕性、易發(fa)霉(mei)、發(fa) 潮(chao)、有(you)異(yi)味的物品混存(cun)(cun),成品貯(zhu)(zhu)存(cun)(cun)按(an)品種、標號、編號、生產日期(qi)分別存(cun)(cun)放,以免(mian)混雜和(he)受潮(chao)。
(5)運(yun)輸:運(yun)輸工具清潔、干燥、有(you)(you)防雨放雪設施。嚴(yan)禁與有(you)(you)毒、有(you)(you)害、有(you)(you)腐蝕性、有(you)(you)異味的(de)物(wu)品混運(yun)。