一.產品介紹
生(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu),是(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)農產品(pin)(pin)之一。豬(zhu)肉是(shi)人(ren)們日常生(sheng)(sheng)活、食品(pin)(pin)工(gong)業、化工(gong)工(gong)業等行業的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)原(yuan)料,是(shi)人(ren)們生(sheng)(sheng)活中不可缺少(shao)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)食品(pin)(pin)原(yuan)料。豬(zhu)肉營養豐富,具有很(hen)高的(de)(de)社會效益和經濟效益。巴彥(yan)縣生(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)養殖歷(li)史雖然(ran)短,但目前(qian)養殖規模大、商品(pin)(pin)量高居全國農業縣領先地(di)位(wei)。
1、巴彥豬(zhu)肉的(de)(de)產(chan)地(di)范圍(wei)(wei)巴彥豬(zhu)肉的(de)(de)地(di)理(li)標(biao)志農產(chan)品(pin)所在的(de)(de)具體地(di)理(li)位置是將巴彥縣(xian)境內3135.2平方公(gong)里區域(yu)劃定為(wei)巴彥豬(zhu)肉農產(chan)品(pin)地(di)理(li)標(biao)志產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)生產(chan)保護范圍(wei)(wei)。保護區面(mian)積為(wei)31.33萬(wan)公(gong)頃,2007年商品(pin)豬(zhu)量為(wei)200萬(wan)頭。
2、巴(ba)彥(yan)(yan)豬(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)的(de)生產(chan)特點(dian)巴(ba)彥(yan)(yan)豬(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)選擇三(san)四元九交(jiao)豬(zhu)(zhu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)加工生產(chan)是有其獨特的(de)質(zhi)量優(you)勢的(de),巴(ba)彥(yan)(yan)豬(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)以(yi)三(san)四元雜(za)(za)交(jiao)生豬(zhu)(zhu)為原料,三(san)四元雜(za)(za)交(jiao)生豬(zhu)(zhu)來源于巴(ba)彥(yan)(yan)縣(xian)特有的(de)東北(bei)白豬(zhu)(zhu)為第一代母本(ben)或(huo)父(fu)本(ben)與長(chang)白、杜(du)洛克(ke)、大約克(ke)夏等豬(zhu)(zhu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)雜(za)(za)交(jiao),生產(chan)第二代雜(za)(za)交(jiao)豬(zhu)(zhu),再(zai)用雜(za)(za)交(jiao)豬(zhu)(zhu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)三(san)、四代繁殖,進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)優(you)勢生豬(zhu)(zhu)養殖,以(yi)優(you)質(zhi)的(de)生豬(zhu)(zhu)為原料進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)科學屠(tu)宰(zai)加工,生產(chan)具有巴(ba)彥(yan)(yan)地(di)方(fang)特點(dian)的(de)巴(ba)彥(yan)(yan)豬(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)。
3、巴(ba)彥(yan)豬(zhu)肉的(de)(de)質量要求一是(shi)生(sheng)豬(zhu)養(yang)(yang)殖用(yong)(yong)巴(ba)彥(yan)縣(xian)當地(di)綠色食品玉米、大豆為主料(liao),生(sheng)產全(quan)價(jia)飼(si)料(liao)進(jin)行養(yang)(yang)殖,不(bu)飼(si)喂任何動(dong)物(wu)糞便發酵飼(si)料(liao);二是(shi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)國家規定的(de)(de)獸(shou)藥(yao)進(jin)行疾病控制和(he)治療,不(bu)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)國家禁(jin)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)獸(shou)藥(yao);三是(shi)養(yang)(yang)殖場遠離居民和(he)交(jiao)通(tong)要道,防止(zhi)污染(ran);四(si)是(shi)實行分圈式(shi)獨立養(yang)(yang)殖莊氏(shi)養(yang)(yang)殖法(fa)和(he)徐氏(shi)防治法(fa);五(wu)是(shi)以(yi)喂糧食飼(si)料(liao)養(yang)(yang)殖為主,生(sheng)豬(zhu)主要是(shi)三元、四(si)元雜交(jiao)豬(zhu),生(sheng)長期小于(yu)12個月。
4、巴(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文化(hua)底蘊巴(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)歷史(shi):據民國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)六(liu)年(nian)《巴(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)志》記載(zai):“巴(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)漢(han)晉(jin)時期為(wei)夫余(yu)之地”。據張向凌《建議(yi)學點黑龍(long)江省(sheng)歷史(shi)》所(suo)述:夫余(yu)約(yue)建國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)于公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前三(san)世(shi)紀(ji)即(ji)戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)末期。《后漢(han)書?夫余(yu)傳》記載(zai):“國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有君(jun)王,皆以(yi)(yi)六(liu)畜(chu)(chu)名(ming)官,有馬加、牛(niu)加、豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)加、狗(gou)加、大(da)使者、大(da)使、使者。”可見(jian),巴(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)養(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)由來(lai)以(yi)(yi)久(jiu),清(qing)代咸豐(feng)年(nian)間(1860年(nian))黑龍(long)江將軍特(te)普欽在此處設(she)立開墾行(xing)(xing)局,進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)土(tu)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)放墾,養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)以(yi)(yi)當地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)主。據《東省(sheng)叢刊》記載(zai),民2年(nian)(1913年(nian))巴(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)“賣卻之家(jia)畜(chu)(chu)惟牛(niu)與(yu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),牛(niu)每年(nian)賣千頭(tou)(tou)至千五百(bai)頭(tou)(tou),豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)五千至六(liu)千口,牛(niu)先(xian)(xian)送往呼(hu)蘭市(shi)場,由呼(hu)蘭便驅(qu)往哈爾濱,豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)則送往哈爾濱,雞鴨無(wu)(wu)運至他(ta)處出賣,卵用(yong)汽船遠銷(xiao)黑龍(long)江省(sheng)岸”。新中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)以(yi)(yi)來(lai)推動生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping):進(jin)(jin)(jin)入50年(nian)代,引進(jin)(jin)(jin)長白(bai)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)與(yu)本地豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)雜交(jiao),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)出優質雜交(jiao)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),瘦肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)率(lv)明顯(xian)提高(gao),到(dao)(dao)80年(nian)代隨(sui)著引進(jin)(jin)(jin)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增多(duo),開始繁殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)元(yuan)雜交(jiao)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)明顯(xian)提高(gao),到(dao)(dao)二(er)十世(shi)紀(ji)末,巴(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)通過引進(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)杜洛克(ke)(ke)、英系(xi)長白(bai)、比系(xi)長白(bai)、大(da)約(yue)克(ke)(ke)夏當地豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)等(deng)三(san)元(yuan)、四元(yuan)雜交(jiao),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)出高(gao)瘦肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優質種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瘦肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)率(lv)都在70%以(yi)(yi)上(shang),同時巴(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)聘請省(sheng)內(nei)畜(chu)(chu)牧專(zhuan)家(jia),結合黑龍(long)江省(sheng)高(gao)寒(han)地區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際在實(shi)踐(jian)中創造(zao)(zao)了(le)莊氏(shi)養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa),該法(fa)(fa)得(de)到(dao)(dao)了(le)美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)專(zhuan)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充分肯定(ding),據美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)專(zhuan)家(jia)說(shuo)(shuo)美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)每頭(tou)(tou)母(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)年(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)仔(zi)率(lv)為(wei)22頭(tou)(tou),我縣(xian)洼興(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)場每頭(tou)(tou)母(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)年(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)仔(zi)成活(huo)率(lv)達到(dao)(dao)24頭(tou)(tou)。比美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)高(gao)出9.1%。達到(dao)(dao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)領先(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)。美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)專(zhuan)家(jia)稱贊說(shuo)(shuo):“巴(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質和技(ji)術(shu)熟程度在國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際上(shang)都是(shi)一流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”。文化(hua)底蘊:一是(shi)飼料(liao)優勢。由于獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地形特(te)征,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)飼料(liao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地因(yin)地形西向,下(xia)午西斜(xie)(xie)時,向西的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)斜(xie)(xie)面迎接西邊來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)斜(xie)(xie)射光線呈對農(nong)(nong)(nong)作物(wu)來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)就是(shi)直射光,光照充足,光合作用(yong)更好(hao),使農(nong)(nong)(nong)作物(wu)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)更加好(hao),由于飼料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢決定(ding)了(le)巴(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)有自己獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質。二(er)是(shi)雜交(jiao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)優勢。巴(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)通過引進(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)杜洛克(ke)(ke)、英系(xi)長白(bai)、比系(xi)長白(bai)、大(da)約(yue)克(ke)(ke)夏當地豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)等(deng)三(san)元(yuan)、四元(yuan)雜交(jiao),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)出高(gao)瘦肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優質種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瘦肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)率(lv)都在70%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)。三(san)是(shi)典(dian)型養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)模式優勢。巴(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)聘請省(sheng)內(nei)畜(chu)(chu)牧專(zhuan)家(jia),結合黑龍(long)江省(sheng)高(gao)寒(han)地區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際在實(shi)踐(jian)中創造(zao)(zao)了(le)莊氏(shi)養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa),此法(fa)(fa)得(de)到(dao)(dao)了(le)美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)專(zhuan)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充分肯定(ding)。美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)專(zhuan)家(jia)稱贊說(shuo)(shuo):“巴(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質和技(ji)術(shu)成熟程度在國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際上(shang)都是(shi)一流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”。四是(shi)人文環境(jing)優勢。由于巴(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)害(hai)、綠色食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)對環境(jing)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)面整治,出臺了(le)一系(xi)列文件,用(yong)規(gui)章(zhang)制度控制基地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)質量(liang)(liang)(liang),對污染企業(ye)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)了(le)徹底的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改造(zao)(zao),對農(nong)(nong)(nong)田進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)整理,全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)基地環境(jing)狀況總體較好(hao),環境(jing)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)基本趨于平(ping)(ping)穩,基本上(shang)無(wu)(wu)污染。輕度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)污染主要(yao)有廢水(shui)(shui)、廢氣、固體廢棄物(wu)和噪聲(sheng)四個方面。大(da)氣總懸浮(fu)微(wei)粒日(ri)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)值(zhi)(zhi)280微(wei)克(ke)(ke)/立方米。大(da)氣二(er)氧化(hua)碳日(ri)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)值(zhi)(zhi)28微(wei)克(ke)(ke)/立方米,飲用(yong)水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)水(shui)(shui)質達標(biao)(biao)率(lv)95%,地表水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質達標(biao)(biao)率(lv)70%,城市(shi)交(jiao)通干(gan)線噪聲(sheng)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)值(zhi)(zhi)67分貝,城市(shi)區(qu)域環境(jing)噪聲(sheng)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)值(zhi)(zhi)55分貝。四是(shi)科技(ji)管理優勢。巴(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)協會制定(ding)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)檢(jian)驗標(biao)(biao)準,衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)指標(biao)(biao)、營(ying)養(yang)指標(biao)(biao)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殘(can)留指標(biao)(biao)、重金(jin)屬指標(biao)(biao)都優先(xian)(xian)與(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)害(hai)標(biao)(biao)準。從檢(jian)驗報告(gao)看,全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)指標(biao)(biao)、重金(jin)屬指標(biao)(biao)、感官指標(biao)(biao)、獸(shou)藥(yao)殘(can)留都好(hao)與(yu)無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)害(hai)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)標(biao)(biao)準,無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)害(hai)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)標(biao)(biao)準中不涉及的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)養(yang)指標(biao)(biao)、有益金(jin)屬元(yuan)素指標(biao)(biao)均(jun)是(shi)很高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),體現了(le)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)養(yang)特(te)性。巴(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)了(le)無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)害(hai)認(ren)證,體現了(le)巴(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)性。
二.自然生態(tai)環(huan)境和人(ren)文歷史因素
1.土壤地貌情況(kuang):
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)資源特征。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)共有9個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)類(lei),19個(ge)亞類(lei),32個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)屬,計62個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)型。9個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)類(lei)是暗棕壤(rang)、白(bai)漿(jiang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、黑土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、草(cao)甸(dian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、泛濫土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、沼澤土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、泥炭土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、水(shui)稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。全縣幅員面(mian)積(ji)(ji)3135.2平方(fang)公里(li),總(zong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)31.33萬公頃,耕(geng)地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)22.67萬公頃,耕(geng)地(di)(di)中(zhong)黑土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、黑鈣土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、草(cao)甸(dian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)等肥力較高(gao)(gao)的土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)約占90%以上(shang)。腐殖質(zhi)層厚度(du)達20-70厘米(mi),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有機質(zhi)含(han)量3.72%,含(han)氮0.168%,含(han)磷(lin)0. 99%,含(han)鉀1.80%, PH值6.7,呈中(zhong)性。全縣地(di)(di)勢東高(gao)(gao)西低(di)、北崗南平、中(zhong)部多(duo)丘陵,坡(po)耕(geng)地(di)(di)占耕(geng)地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的62%,地(di)(di)理形(xing)狀為(wei)楔形(xing),海拔最高(gao)(gao)為(wei)564.3米(mi),最低(di)海拔110米(mi)。
2.水(shui)文情(qing)況(kuang):水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)。巴(ba)彥縣有較(jiao)大河流14條(tiao),河道(dao)總長475.7公里。全(quan)縣地(di)下水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)存儲量65億立方(fang)米(mi),多年平均地(di)下水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)供給量為3.97億立方(fang)米(mi),允許開采量為2.224億立方(fang)米(mi)。全(quan)縣水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)總量為5.73億立方(fang)米(mi),人均水(shui)量為869立方(fang)米(mi),畝均水(shui)量212立方(fang)米(mi)。包括水(shui)系、水(shui)源(yuan)和水(shui)質情(qing)況(kuang)及影響(xiang)因子。
3.氣(qi)候情況:巴彥縣地(di)處中高緯度,屬中溫帶大陸季風(feng)(feng)(feng)氣(qi)候。夏季盛行東南風(feng)(feng)(feng),濕潤多雨;冬季盛行西北(bei)風(feng)(feng)(feng),干(gan)燥嚴寒。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫為(wei)(wei)(wei)3.1℃,最高氣(qi)溫曾出現過(guo)37.9℃,最低氣(qi)溫達-42.5℃,年(nian)(nian)≥10℃活動積溫為(wei)(wei)(wei)2658.4℃,歷(li)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均降水量(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)582.2毫米,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均日(ri)照為(wei)(wei)(wei)2669.4小時(shi)。5-9月份作(zuo)物生長期(qi)日(ri)照為(wei)(wei)(wei)1252小時(shi),占全(quan)年(nian)(nian)總(zong)日(ri)照的(de)46.9%,歷(li)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均初霜(shuang)期(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)9月21日(ri),歷(li)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均無霜(shuang)期(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)131天(tian)。全(quan)年(nian)(nian)結(jie)凍期(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)145天(tian)左右。包括季風(feng)(feng)(feng)、溫度、濕度、日(ri)照和降水等特殊氣(qi)候因(yin)子。
4.人(ren)(ren)文歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)情況:巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)類生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)自(zi)公元前211年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秦朝時就是歲(sui)百之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),是由(you)(you)歲(sui)族(zu)與(yu)百族(zu)融合(he)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東北地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區少數民(min)(min)族(zu),以漁(yu)獵為主(zhu),輔(fu)以農(nong)(nong)業(ye)。 巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)建治(zhi)以前,森林茂密,水(shui)草豐盛,土(tu)質(zhi)肥美(mei),是一(yi)(yi)(yi)片待墾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處女(nv)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。因為封禁(jin)(清(qing)以東北為自(zi)己“龍(long)興(xing)”之(zhi)(zhi)脈封禁(jin)東北三(san)省(sheng)(sheng)),只有(you)(you)(you)(you)少數旗(qi)兵(bing)屯田和(he)少數漢(han)人(ren)(ren)零散住(zhu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)各地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)開(kai)荒種地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),張網(wang)捕撈魚(yu),過(guo)著(zhu)日出(chu)(chu)而起,日暮而歸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)家(jia)(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活。1859年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),清(qing)咸豐九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)東北開(kai)禁(jin),土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)放墾后,關內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)漢(han)民(min)(min)流入(ru)本地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),人(ren)(ren)多之(zhi)(zhi)后。清(qing)同(tong)治(zhi)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1862年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))于(yu)呼(hu)(hu)蘭(lan)(lan)城(cheng)以東建呼(hu)(hu)蘭(lan)(lan)廳治(zhi)理(li)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蘇(su)蘇(su)等(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),管(guan)理(li)賦課刑名及(ji)旗(qi)民(min)(min)交(jiao)(jiao)涉(she)等(deng)事宜(yi)。光(guang)(guang)(guang)緒三(san)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1904年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))呼(hu)(hu)蘭(lan)(lan)廳分(fen)(fen)兩(liang)處,呼(hu)(hu)蘭(lan)(lan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)處,升(sheng)呼(hu)(hu)蘭(lan)(lan)廳為呼(hu)(hu)蘭(lan)(lan)府(fu)(移(yi)到(dao)(dao)呼(hu)(hu)蘭(lan)(lan)城(cheng)),原呼(hu)(hu)蘭(lan)(lan)廳改(gai)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)州,民(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)2 年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1913年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)州改(gai)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)發(fa)展(zhan)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi):據民(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)六(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)《巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)志(zhi)》記(ji)載(zai):“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)漢(han)晉時期為夫(fu)(fu)余之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”。據張向(xiang)凌《建議(yi)學(xue)點(dian)黑龍(long)江省(sheng)(sheng)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》所述(shu):夫(fu)(fu)余約(yue)建國(guo)(guo)(guo)于(yu)公元前三(san)世(shi)紀即戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)末(mo)期。《后漢(han)書?夫(fu)(fu)余傳》記(ji)載(zai):“國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)君(jun)王,皆以六(liu)(liu)畜(chu)名官,有(you)(you)(you)(you)馬加(jia)、牛(niu)(niu)加(jia)、豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)加(jia)、狗(gou)加(jia)、大(da)(da)使者、大(da)(da)使、使者。”可見,巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)養(yang)(yang)(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)由(you)(you)來以久,清(qing)代咸豐年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(1860年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))黑龍(long)江將(jiang)軍特(te)普欽在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)此處設(she)立(li)開(kai)墾行(xing)(xing)局,進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)放墾,養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)以當地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為主(zhu)。據《東省(sheng)(sheng)叢刊》記(ji)載(zai),民(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)2年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1913年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)“賣(mai)(mai)卻之(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)畜(chu)惟牛(niu)(niu)與(yu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),牛(niu)(niu)每(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)賣(mai)(mai)千(qian)頭至千(qian)五百頭,豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)五千(qian)至六(liu)(liu)千(qian)口,牛(niu)(niu)先送(song)(song)往呼(hu)(hu)蘭(lan)(lan)市(shi)場,由(you)(you)呼(hu)(hu)蘭(lan)(lan)便驅往哈爾濱,豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)則送(song)(song)往哈爾濱,雞鴨無(wu)(wu)運(yun)至他(ta)處出(chu)(chu)賣(mai)(mai),卵(luan)用(yong)(yong)汽(qi)船遠銷(xiao)黑龍(long)江省(sheng)(sheng)岸”。 新中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)以來推動生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)發(fa)展(zhan)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping):進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)50年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代,引進(jin)(jin)(jin)長(chang)(chang)(chang)白(bai)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)與(yu)本地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)雜(za)(za)交(jiao)(jiao),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)出(chu)(chu)優(you)(you)質(zhi)雜(za)(za)交(jiao)(jiao)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),瘦(shou)肉(rou)率(lv)(lv)明顯提高(gao),到(dao)(dao)80年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代隨著(zhu)引進(jin)(jin)(jin)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)種的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增多,開(kai)始繁(fan)殖(zhi)二元雜(za)(za)交(jiao)(jiao)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)明顯提高(gao),到(dao)(dao)二十(shi)(shi)世(shi)紀末(mo),巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)通過(guo)引進(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)杜(du)洛克、英系(xi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)白(bai)、比(bi)系(xi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)白(bai)、大(da)(da)約(yue)克夏當地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)等(deng)三(san)元、四(si)元雜(za)(za)交(jiao)(jiao),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)出(chu)(chu)高(gao)瘦(shou)肉(rou)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)質(zhi)種豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。全豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瘦(shou)肉(rou)率(lv)(lv)都(dou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)70%以上,同(tong)時巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)聘請(qing)省(sheng)(sheng)內(nei)畜(chu)牧(mu)專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia),結(jie)合(he)黑龍(long)江省(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)寒地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)實(shi)踐中(zhong)創造了(le)(le)(le)莊氏(shi)(shi)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)法(fa),該法(fa)得到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)美(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)分(fen)(fen)肯(ken)定,據美(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)說美(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)每(mei)(mei)頭母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)仔(zi)率(lv)(lv)為22頭,我縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)洼興(xing)種豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)場每(mei)(mei)頭母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)仔(zi)成(cheng)活率(lv)(lv)達到(dao)(dao)24頭。比(bi)美(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)高(gao)出(chu)(chu)9.1%。達到(dao)(dao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)領先水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)。美(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)稱贊說:“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)和(he)技術成(cheng)熟程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)上都(dou)是一(yi)(yi)(yi)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”。 文化(hua)底(di)蘊(yun):一(yi)(yi)(yi)是飼(si)料優(you)(you)勢。由(you)(you)于(yu)獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形特(te)征,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)料產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)因地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形西(xi)(xi)向(xiang),下午西(xi)(xi)斜(xie)時,向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)斜(xie)面(mian)迎接西(xi)(xi)邊(bian)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)斜(xie)射光(guang)(guang)(guang)線(xian)(xian)呈對農(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)來說就是直射光(guang)(guang)(guang),光(guang)(guang)(guang)照(zhao)充(chong)(chong)足,光(guang)(guang)(guang)合(he)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)更好,使農(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)更加(jia)好,由(you)(you)于(yu)飼(si)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)勢決(jue)定了(le)(le)(le)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)自(zi)己獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)。二是雜(za)(za)交(jiao)(jiao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種優(you)(you)勢。巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)通過(guo)引進(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)杜(du)洛克、英系(xi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)白(bai)、比(bi)系(xi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)白(bai)、大(da)(da)約(yue)克夏當地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)等(deng)三(san)元、四(si)元雜(za)(za)交(jiao)(jiao),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)出(chu)(chu)高(gao)瘦(shou)肉(rou)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)質(zhi)種豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。全豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瘦(shou)肉(rou)率(lv)(lv)都(dou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)70%以上。三(san)是典型養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)模式優(you)(you)勢。巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)聘請(qing)省(sheng)(sheng)內(nei)畜(chu)牧(mu)專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia),結(jie)合(he)黑龍(long)江省(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)寒地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)實(shi)踐中(zhong)創造了(le)(le)(le)莊氏(shi)(shi)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)法(fa),此法(fa)得到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)美(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)分(fen)(fen)肯(ken)定。美(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)稱贊說:“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)和(he)技術成(cheng)熟程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)上都(dou)是一(yi)(yi)(yi)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”。四(si)是人(ren)(ren)文環(huan)境(jing)(jing)優(you)(you)勢。由(you)(you)于(yu)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)、綠色食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan),全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)對環(huan)境(jing)(jing)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)全面(mian)整(zheng)治(zhi),出(chu)(chu)臺了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)系(xi)列文件,用(yong)(yong)規(gui)章制(zhi)度(du)控制(zhi)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),對污染企業(ye)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)(le)徹底(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)造,對農(nong)(nong)田進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)整(zheng)理(li),全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)狀(zhuang)況總(zong)體(ti)較好,環(huan)境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)基(ji)本趨于(yu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)穩,基(ji)本上無(wu)(wu)污染。輕度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)污染主(zhu)要有(you)(you)(you)(you)廢水(shui)、廢氣、固體(ti)廢棄物(wu)(wu)和(he)噪聲四(si)個方面(mian)。大(da)(da)氣總(zong)懸(xuan)浮微(wei)(wei)粒日平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)值(zhi)280微(wei)(wei)克/立(li)方米。大(da)(da)氣二氧(yang)化(hua)碳日平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)值(zhi)28微(wei)(wei)克/立(li)方米,飲用(yong)(yong)水(shui)源水(shui)質(zhi)達標(biao)(biao)率(lv)(lv)95%,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表水(shui)水(shui)質(zhi)達標(biao)(biao)率(lv)(lv)70%,城(cheng)市(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)通干線(xian)(xian)噪聲平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)值(zhi)67分(fen)(fen)貝(bei),城(cheng)市(shi)區域環(huan)境(jing)(jing)噪聲平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)值(zhi)55分(fen)(fen)貝(bei)。四(si)是科技管(guan)理(li)優(you)(you)勢。巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)安全協會制(zhi)定豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)檢驗標(biao)(biao)準(zhun),衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)、營養(yang)(yang)(yang)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)、農(nong)(nong)藥殘留指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)、重金屬指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)都(dou)優(you)(you)先與(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)。從檢驗報告(gao)看,全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)、重金屬指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)、感官指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)、獸藥殘留都(dou)好與(yu)無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun),無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)中(zhong)不涉(she)及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養(yang)(yang)(yang)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)益金屬元素指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)均(jun)是很(hen)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),體(ti)現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養(yang)(yang)(yang)特(te)性。巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)(le)無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)認證,體(ti)現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全性。
三.地域范圍
產地(di)范圍(wei):巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)豬肉(rou)的地(di)理(li)(li)(li)標志農(nong)產品所在(zai)的具(ju)(ju)體地(di)理(li)(li)(li)位置是將巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)境內3135.2平(ping)方公(gong)里(li)(li)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)劃定(ding)為(wei)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)豬肉(rou)農(nong)產品地(di)理(li)(li)(li)標志產品的生產保(bao)護范圍(wei)。保(bao)護區(qu)面積為(wei)31.33萬公(gong)頃,2007年商品豬量為(wei)200萬頭。 產地(di)地(di)理(li)(li)(li)位置:巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)位于黑龍江(jiang)省(sheng)中(zhong)部偏南(nan),地(di)處松(song)(song)嫩(nen)平(ping)原、松(song)(song)花江(jiang)中(zhong)游北(bei)岸,具(ju)(ju)體范圍(wei)為(wei)地(di)理(li)(li)(li)坐標為(wei)東經126°45′53″-127°42′16″,北(bei)緯(wei)45°54′28″-46°40′18″。南(nan)與(yu)賓縣(xian)(xian)隔江(jiang)相望,西(xi)瀕漂河與(yu)呼蘭為(wei)鄰,北(bei)依(yi)泥河與(yu)綏化、慶安交界,東臨黃(huang)泥河及駱駝砬子山與(yu)木(mu)蘭毗連。縣(xian)(xian)境南(nan)北(bei)長(chang)85公(gong)里(li)(li),東西(xi)寬72.4公(gong)里(li)(li),邊(bian)界周長(chang)338公(gong)里(li)(li),縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)距哈市98公(gong)里(li)(li)。 產地(di)地(di)址(zhi):全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)轄(xia)18個(ge)(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)豬肉(rou)的地(di)理(li)(li)(li)標志保(bao)護的區(qu)域(yu)(yu)范圍(wei)在(zai)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)內的18個(ge)(ge)(ge)行政鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),即巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、松(song)(song)花江(jiang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、富江(jiang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)港(gang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、西(xi)集鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、豐樂鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、興隆鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、紅光鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、萬發鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、德(de)祥鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、天(tian)增鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、山后鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、黑山鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、龍泉(quan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、華山鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、龍廟鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、洼(wa)興鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)東鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。其中(zhong)小城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)10個(ge)(ge)(ge)(兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)(ge)建制(zhi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen))、16個(ge)(ge)(ge)村(三個(ge)(ge)(ge)少數(shu)民族自治村)、1351個(ge)(ge)(ge)自然屯(tun)、4個(ge)(ge)(ge)國有(you)(you)林場,2個(ge)(ge)(ge)國有(you)(you)原種(zhong)場、1個(ge)(ge)(ge)國有(you)(you)種(zhong)畜場。
四.產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征
1.外在感官特征:巴彥豬肉(rou)品質好、色(se)澤鮮艷、肉(rou)體有(you)彈性、瘦肉(rou)率(lv)高、表皮光潤。
2.內在品(pin)質(zhi)指標:豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)瘦肉(rou)(rou)(rou)中(zhong)脂肪含量3%以下,適量食用(yong)不(bu)會發胖;亞油酸(suan)含量9%以上(shang),豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)口感(gan)香而(er)(er)不(bu)膩,嫩而(er)(er)不(bu)滑;豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蛋白質(zhi)含量大于20%,豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)中(zhong)氨(an)基酸(suan)大于15%,營(ying)養豐富;還含有豐富的(de)(de)人體(ti)所需的(de)(de)鐵、鈣(gai)、鋅等微(wei)量元素,每百克含鈣(gai)大于2毫克、含鋅大于2毫克。
3.安(an)全(quan)要求(qiu):按巴彥(yan)縣農產品質量(liang)安(an)全(quan)協會(hui)制(zhi)定的生(sheng)豬養(yang)殖(zhi)標(biao)準進(jin)行無公害化生(sheng)豬養(yang)殖(zhi),在加工(gong)、運(yun)輸中不被污染保持其安(an)全(quan)。
五.特定生產方式
1.產地選擇(ze)與特(te)殊內容規定(ding):巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)豬肉產地選擇(ze)在巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)縣境內是因為巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)縣地處世(shi)界三大黑土地之(zhi)一的(de)亞(ya)洲東北黑土中,屬(shu)亞(ya)熱帶(dai)季(ji)風氣候,非常適合(he)農產品的(de)生(sheng)產,具有得天獨(du)厚的(de)地理優(you)勢,同時巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)縣生(sheng)豬有獨(du)特(te)的(de)生(sheng)豬品質,為巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)豬肉的(de)發展奠(dian)定(ding)了質量優(you)勢。
2.品種(zhong)選擇與特(te)(te)定(ding)要求:巴(ba)彥豬(zhu)肉(rou)選擇三(san)四元(yuan)九交豬(zhu)進(jin)行(xing)加工生(sheng)產(chan)是有其獨特(te)(te)的質(zhi)量優勢的,巴(ba)彥豬(zhu)肉(rou)以三(san)四元(yuan)雜(za)交生(sheng)豬(zhu)為(wei)(wei)原料(liao),三(san)四元(yuan)雜(za)交生(sheng)豬(zhu)來源于(yu)巴(ba)彥縣特(te)(te)有的東北白豬(zhu)為(wei)(wei)第一代(dai)母本或父本與長白、杜(du)洛克、大約克夏等(deng)豬(zhu)進(jin)行(xing)雜(za)交,生(sheng)產(chan)第二代(dai)雜(za)交豬(zhu),再用雜(za)交豬(zhu)進(jin)行(xing)三(san)、四代(dai)繁(fan)殖,進(jin)行(xing)優勢生(sheng)豬(zhu)養殖,以優質(zhi)的生(sheng)豬(zhu)為(wei)(wei)原料(liao)進(jin)行(xing)科學(xue)屠宰加工,生(sheng)產(chan)具有巴(ba)彥地方(fang)特(te)(te)點的巴(ba)彥豬(zhu)肉(rou)。
3.生產過程管理特殊使用規定:巴彥(yan)生豬(zhu)質量要(yao)求:一是(shi)(shi)(shi)生豬(zhu)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)用 巴彥(yan)縣當(dang)地綠(lv)色(se)食品玉米、大(da)豆為主料(liao),生產全價飼料(liao)進行養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi),不(bu)飼喂(wei)任何動(dong)物糞(fen)便發(fa)酵飼料(liao);二是(shi)(shi)(shi)使用國(guo)家規定的獸藥進行疾病控制和治療,不(bu)使用國(guo)家禁(jin)用的獸藥;三是(shi)(shi)(shi)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)場(chang)遠離居民和交(jiao)通(tong)要(yao)道,防(fang)(fang)止污染;四是(shi)(shi)(shi)實行分圈(quan)式(shi)獨立養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)莊氏(shi)(shi)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)法和徐氏(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)治法;五(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)以喂(wei)糧(liang)食飼料(liao)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)為主,生豬(zhu)主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)三元(yuan)、四元(yuan)雜交(jiao)豬(zhu),生長期小于(yu)12個月。
4.產(chan)品收獲、屠宰及產(chan)后(hou)處(chu)(chu)理的規定:巴彥豬肉(rou)實(shi)行專用車輛單獨運(yun)輸,封閉式快樂屠宰法,科學排酸,冷凍處(chu)(chu)理單獨存放處(chu)(chu)理。并(bing)在進(jin)行嚴格的出(chu)廠(chang)質量檢驗(yan)后(hou)出(chu)售,同時對產(chan)品進(jin)行售后(hou)服務,實(shi)行產(chan)品召回制度(du)。
5.生產(chan)(chan)記錄(lu)要求(qiu):巴彥(yan)生豬按養殖(zhi)生產(chan)(chan)技(ji)術操作規程進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)專業化(hua)養殖(zhi);對(dui)生豬養殖(zhi)中使用(yong)的(de)(de)獸藥(yao)、添(tian)加劑等投入品(pin)(pin)及時(shi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)全程記錄(lu);及時(shi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)飼養檢查;實行(xing)(xing)(xing)巴彥(yan)豬肉市場準入、質量科技(ji)服務等制度,以(yi)巴彥(yan)豬肉產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)檢驗標準進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)檢驗;生豬按養殖(zhi)場進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)統(tong)一的(de)(de)編碼和單(dan)獨屠宰,產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)按不同的(de)(de)養殖(zhi)場進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)單(dan)獨存放,進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)特定的(de)(de)編碼,便于售后質量跟蹤服務。
六.包裝標識相關規定
巴彥(yan)(yan)豬(zhu)(zhu)肉包裝(zhuang)以紙塑(su)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),分為(wei)(wei)5kg 、10kg 、20kg 等(deng)包裝(zhuang),主(zhu)要是在包裝(zhuang)表面印(yin)有農產品地理標(biao)志(zhi)“巴彥(yan)(yan)豬(zhu)(zhu)肉”等(deng)字樣,并(bing)加(jia)有防偽標(biao)志(zhi),巴彥(yan)(yan)豬(zhu)(zhu)肉主(zhu)要是冷凍(dong)貯藏、專(zhuan)用設備運(yun)輸,防止(zhi)運(yun)輸路途中污染和變(bian)質。