吉林長白山人參,是人參的一個品種,主要生長于吉林長白山地區。多年(nian)(nian)(nian)生草本;地(di)下(xia)莖(jing)年(nian)(nian)(nian)生一節(jie),組成(cheng)(cheng)合軸式(shi)的(de)(de)根狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)莖(jing);年(nian)(nian)(nian)節(jie)緊(jin)縮成(cheng)(cheng)直立(li)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)斜生的(de)(de)短根狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)莖(jing),或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)節(jie)間粗短形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)匍匐的(de)(de)竹鞭狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)根狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)莖(jing),或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)節(jie)間細長形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)橫(heng)臥的(de)(de)串珠(zhu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)根狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)莖(jing)。根不膨大,纖維(wei)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)膨大成(cheng)(cheng)紡錘形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)圓柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)肉(rou)質根。地(di)上(shang)莖(jing)單(dan)生,直立(li),基部(bu)有(you)(you)鱗片。葉(xie)為掌狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)復葉(xie),輪生于莖(jing)頂(ding),有(you)(you)葉(xie)柄,無托葉(xie),稀有(you)(you)托葉(xie)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)兩性(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)雜性(xing),聚生為傘形(xing)(xing)(xing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)(xu);傘形(xing)(xing)(xing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)(xu)單(dan)個頂(ding)生,稀有(you)(you)一至數(shu)個側生小(xiao)傘形(xing)(xing)(xing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)(xu);兩性(xing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)和雌花(hua)(hua)(hua)與花(hua)(hua)(hua)梗間有(you)(you)關節(jie);萼筒邊緣有(you)(you)5個小(xiao)齒;花(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣5,離(li)生,稀合生,在花(hua)(hua)(hua)芽中(zhong)覆(fu)瓦狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)排列;雄(xiong)蕊5,花(hua)(hua)(hua)絲短,花(hua)(hua)(hua)藥(yao)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)長圓形(xing)(xing)(xing);子房2室,有(you)(you)時3-4室,稀5室;花(hua)(hua)(hua)柱(zhu)2,有(you)(you)時3-4,稀5,或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)在雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)的(de)(de)不育雌蕊上(shang)退化(hua)為1條,離(li)生或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)基部(bu)合生;花(hua)(hua)(hua)盤肉(rou)質,環形(xing)(xing)(xing)。果實扁(bian)(bian)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing),有(you)(you)時三角狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)近球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)。種(zhong)子2或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)3粒,稀4粒,側扁(bian)(bian)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)三角狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)。
人(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)(can)(can)為(wei)五加科,人(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)(can)(can)屬植物,通(tong)常所說(shuo)的(de)人(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)(can)(can)是指其(qi)干(gan)燥根。吉(ji)林(lin)長白(bai)(bai)山(shan)人(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)(can)(can)分類頗為(wei)詳細,一般來(lai)說(shuo),有(you)(you)按栽培方(fang)式命(ming)名(ming)(ming)的(de),如野(ye)山(shan)參(can)(can)(can)(can)、移(yi)山(shan)參(can)(can)(can)(can)、栽培人(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)(can)(can)等;有(you)(you)按產(chan)地不同而命(ming)名(ming)(ming)的(de),如吉(ji)林(lin)人(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)(can)(can)、石柱(zhu)人(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)(can)(can);有(you)(you)按炮制方(fang)法命(ming)名(ming)(ming)的(de),如紅(hong)(hong)參(can)(can)(can)(can)、白(bai)(bai)糖(tang)參(can)(can)(can)(can)、生曬(shai)參(can)(can)(can)(can)等;也有(you)(you)兩種情況(kuang)兼顧的(de),如高麗紅(hong)(hong)參(can)(can)(can)(can)、吉(ji)林(lin)野(ye)山(shan)參(can)(can)(can)(can)、集安新開(kai)河人(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)(can)(can)等。吉(ji)林(lin)長白(bai)(bai)山(shan)野(ye)山(shan)參(can)(can)(can)(can)以其(qi)形(xing)美、質堅硬(ying),斷面皮部顯裂隙,形(xing)成(cheng)層明(ming)顯,氣微(wei)香,味(wei)微(wei)苦且甘(gan)被(bei)譽為(wei)人(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)(can)(can)中珍品。吉(ji)林(lin)長白(bai)(bai)山(shan)紅(hong)(hong)參(can)(can)(can)(can)以其(qi)質硬(ying)而脆,斷面平坦,氣微(wei)香,味(wei)微(wei)苦且甘(gan)及有(you)(you)效成(cheng)份(fen)含量較高聞名(ming)(ming)遐爾(er)。