吉林長白山人參,是人參的一個品種,主要生長于吉林長白山地區。多(duo)年生(sheng)(sheng)草本;地(di)下(xia)莖(jing)年生(sheng)(sheng)一節(jie),組成(cheng)合軸式的(de)根狀(zhuang)(zhuang)莖(jing);年節(jie)緊(jin)縮成(cheng)直(zhi)(zhi)立(li)或(huo)(huo)(huo)斜生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)短根狀(zhuang)(zhuang)莖(jing),或(huo)(huo)(huo)節(jie)間(jian)粗短形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)匍匐的(de)竹(zhu)鞭狀(zhuang)(zhuang)根狀(zhuang)(zhuang)莖(jing),或(huo)(huo)(huo)節(jie)間(jian)細長形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)橫臥的(de)串珠狀(zhuang)(zhuang)根狀(zhuang)(zhuang)莖(jing)。根不(bu)膨大(da),纖維狀(zhuang)(zhuang),或(huo)(huo)(huo)膨大(da)成(cheng)紡(fang)錘形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)肉(rou)質根。地(di)上莖(jing)單生(sheng)(sheng),直(zhi)(zhi)立(li),基部有(you)(you)鱗片(pian)。葉(xie)為(wei)掌(zhang)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)復葉(xie),輪生(sheng)(sheng)于莖(jing)頂,有(you)(you)葉(xie)柄,無托葉(xie),稀(xi)有(you)(you)托葉(xie)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)兩(liang)性(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)雜性(xing),聚生(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)傘形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu);傘形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)單個(ge)頂生(sheng)(sheng),稀(xi)有(you)(you)一至數個(ge)側(ce)生(sheng)(sheng)小傘形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu);兩(liang)性(xing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和雌花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗間(jian)有(you)(you)關節(jie);萼筒邊緣(yuan)有(you)(you)5個(ge)小齒;花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣5,離生(sheng)(sheng),稀(xi)合生(sheng)(sheng),在花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芽中(zhong)覆(fu)瓦狀(zhuang)(zhuang)排列;雄(xiong)蕊(rui)5,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)絲短,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)藥卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)長圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);子房2室(shi),有(you)(you)時3-4室(shi),稀(xi)5室(shi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)柱(zhu)2,有(you)(you)時3-4,稀(xi)5,或(huo)(huo)(huo)在雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)的(de)不(bu)育雌蕊(rui)上退(tui)化為(wei)1條,離生(sheng)(sheng)或(huo)(huo)(huo)基部合生(sheng)(sheng);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)盤肉(rou)質,環形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。果實(shi)扁球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),有(you)(you)時三角(jiao)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)近(jin)球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。種子2或(huo)(huo)(huo)3粒(li),稀(xi)4粒(li),側(ce)扁或(huo)(huo)(huo)三角(jiao)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。
人(ren)(ren)參為五加(jia)科,人(ren)(ren)參屬植物(wu),通常所說的人(ren)(ren)參是指其干燥根。吉(ji)(ji)林長(chang)白(bai)山人(ren)(ren)參分(fen)類(lei)頗為詳細(xi),一般(ban)來說,有按(an)栽培(pei)方式命名(ming)的,如(ru)野(ye)山參、移山參、栽培(pei)人(ren)(ren)參等(deng);有按(an)產地(di)不同(tong)而命名(ming)的,如(ru)吉(ji)(ji)林人(ren)(ren)參、石柱人(ren)(ren)參;有按(an)炮制方法命名(ming)的,如(ru)紅參、白(bai)糖參、生曬參等(deng);也有兩種(zhong)情況兼(jian)顧的,如(ru)高麗紅參、吉(ji)(ji)林野(ye)山參、集(ji)安新開河人(ren)(ren)參等(deng)。吉(ji)(ji)林長(chang)白(bai)山野(ye)山參以其形(xing)美、質堅硬(ying),斷面(mian)皮部顯(xian)裂隙,形(xing)成層明顯(xian),氣微(wei)香,味(wei)微(wei)苦(ku)且甘被譽為人(ren)(ren)參中珍品(pin)。吉(ji)(ji)林長(chang)白(bai)山紅參以其質硬(ying)而脆,斷面(mian)平坦,氣微(wei)香,味(wei)微(wei)苦(ku)且甘及有效成份含量較高聞名(ming)遐爾。