隨著科學技術(shu)的發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，現在鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)類(lei)產品已(yi)經成為了主流。鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是一類(lei)由鋰(li)(li)(li)金(jin)(jin)屬或鋰(li)(li)(li)合金(jin)(jin)為負(fu)極材(cai)，使用非水電(dian)(dian)解質溶液(ye)制作而(er)成的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，大致可(ke)分為鋰(li)(li)(li)金(jin)(jin)屬電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)鋰(li)(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)這兩種(zhong)類(lei)別。在文獻和(he)現實生活(huo)中，鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)鋰(li)(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是互相區別而(er)又有繼承和(he)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)關系的一對概念，而(er)隨著鋰(li)(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的運用越(yue)來越(yue)廣泛，人們便普遍將鋰(li)(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)稱(cheng)為鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。

鋰金屬(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)最早于1912年出并(bing)研究，也可稱為鋰原電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，它是一種(zhong)一次(ci)性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，主要(yao)有鋰錳(meng)，鋰鐵電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)等等。鋰金屬(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可以連續放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，也可以間(jian)歇放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，一旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)耗盡便不(bu)能(neng)再用，不(bu)可充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極容易引起爆炸。

鋰離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是指以(yi)兩種不同的(de)(de)，能夠可逆的(de)(de)，嵌(qian)(qian)入和(he)脫嵌(qian)(qian)鋰離(li)子(zi)的(de)(de)嵌(qian)(qian)鋰化(hua)合物(wu)分(fen)別作為電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)正(zheng)極和(he)負極的(de)(de)二次電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)體系(xi)，鋰離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可循(xun)環(huan)充電(dian)(dian)。鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和(he)鋰離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)相(xiang)同點是在正(zheng)極和(he)電(dian)(dian)解質上，兩種電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)都采用金屬氧(yang)化(hua)物(wu)和(he)硫化(hua)物(wu)作為正(zheng)極，而(er)以(yi)有機溶劑(ji)或無(wu)機鹽(yan)體系(xi)作為電(dian)(dian)解質。

一、新(xin)電池充電

新電(dian)池一般要(yao)激(ji)活，電(dian)池放置一段時(shi)(shi)間后，會進(jin)入(ru)休眠狀態，此時(shi)(shi)容量低于(yu)正(zheng)(zheng)常值，使用時(shi)(shi)間亦隨之縮短，因此需(xu)要(yao)激(ji)活。鋰電(dian)池激(ji)活方法非常簡單，只要(yao)經過3—5次正(zheng)(zheng)常的充放電(dian)循環就(jiu)可激(ji)活電(dian)池，恢復正(zheng)(zheng)常容量。

二、舊電池充(chong)電

1、充電方法

舊(jiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池是指(zhi)已經(jing)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多次(ci)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，而不(bu)是報(bao)廢的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的壽命與充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的次(ci)數(shu)無關，它沒有記憶效應，不(bu)論你怎(zen)么(me)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，都不(bu)會(hui)影響充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環次(ci)數(shu)。因此不(bu)要把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池用到完全沒電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)才去充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，最(zui)好是當你能(neng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，就盡量(liang)把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)飽，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間以2-3小(xiao)時以內為宜，當然你也不(bu)一定非(fei)要充(chong)滿。

2、充電電壓

鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)安全(quan)工作電(dian)(dian)壓范圍是2.8到4.2V，低于(yu)或高(gao)于(yu)這個(ge)電(dian)(dian)壓范圍，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)中的(de)鋰(li)離子變得(de)非常不穩定，甚(shen)至造成事故(gu)。為(wei)保證(zheng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)處于(yu)安全(quan)范圍，因此(ci)需要(yao)專(zhuan)門的(de)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)。這些充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)會自動根據電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)當前狀態而調(diao)整充電(dian)(dian)方式。

3、充電工具

鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要用專用的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，它(ta)可以保障充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)安全性(xing)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)工作時(shi)，以恒定(ding)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)升高(gao)(gao)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)同時(shi)提高(gao)(gao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，以加(jia)快充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)度(du)。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)到(dao)達(da)4.2V截止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)候(hou)，此(ci)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)大約僅(jin)沖入70%左右的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量（并(bing)未飽滿）。此(ci)時(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)即以恒定(ding)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，逐漸(jian)變小(xiao)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)繼續充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當(dang)值至小(xiao)于(yu)0.1A充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)仍然檢測到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)繼續升高(gao)(gao)時(shi)候(hou)才停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

4、定期充電

長期不用的鋰電池，應該以半電狀態，存放在陰涼偏干燥的地方。滿電存放有危險，且電池會有損害，而無電存放，電池可能會被破壞，從而失去作用。在存放過程中，每隔3--6個月，要完成一個充電周期，做一次電量校準。【詳細(xi)>>】

鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池一(yi)般能(neng)(neng)夠完(wan)全充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)300-500個(ge)(ge)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周(zhou)期(qi)(qi)，超過這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)次數，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池就(jiu)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)用了，當(dang)然(ran)，這(zhe)(zhe)只(zhi)能(neng)(neng)作為參考。鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池壽命和充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)次數無關，與充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)周(zhou)期(qi)(qi)有關，也就(jiu)是從零電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)到滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)次數。一(yi)個(ge)(ge)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周(zhou)期(qi)(qi)意味(wei)著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)所(suo)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)由(you)滿用到空，再由(you)空充(chong)(chong)(chong)到滿的(de)過程，這(zhe)(zhe)并不(bu)等(deng)同于充(chong)(chong)(chong)一(yi)次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。比(bi)如(ru)(ru)說(shuo)，一(yi)塊鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在第一(yi)天只(zhi)用了一(yi)半的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)，然(ran)后又(you)為它(ta)充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。如(ru)(ru)果第二天還如(ru)(ru)此，即用一(yi)半就(jiu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)，總共兩(liang)次充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下來，這(zhe)(zhe)只(zhi)能(neng)(neng)算作一(yi)個(ge)(ge)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周(zhou)期(qi)(qi)，而不(bu)是兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)。

在日常生活中，通常可能要經過好幾次充電才完成一個周期。每完成一個充電周期，電池容量就會減少一點。不過，這個電量減少幅度非常小，高品質的電池充過多次周期后，仍然會保留原始容量的80%，很多鋰電供電產品在經過兩三年后仍然照常使用。當然，鋰電壽命到了最終后仍是需要更換的。【詳細>>】

鋰電池(chi)可能會爆炸，其爆炸原因(yin)有很多，可大致歸類為外部短路、內部短路、及(ji)過充三種。正常(chang)情況下，鋰電池(chi)的(de)(de)兩極(ji)本身(shen)是絕對不會接觸的(de)(de)，因(yin)此電池(chi)廠商會在兩極(ji)之(zhi)間放置隔(ge)膜。

質量(liang)(liang)(liang)好的隔膜紙，在(zai)電(dian)池內部溫度較高(gao)時，會將細(xi)孔關閉(bi)，將電(dian)化學反應終(zhong)止，使電(dian)流(liu)驟降，溫度也慢(man)(man)慢(man)(man)下降，從而避(bi)免(mian)爆炸發(fa)生。但如(ru)果在(zai)各種因素(su)的影(ying)響(xiang)下，導致(zhi)隔膜破(po)裂，那么電(dian)池里所有的能量(liang)(liang)(liang)都會涌向電(dian)解液(ye)，而電(dian)解液(ye)本身就是一種不太(tai)穩定的化學物質，承受太(tai)多能量(liang)(liang)(liang)之(zhi)后，就大(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)發(fa)熱，乃至起火爆炸。

鋰電(dian)池優點

1、鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓平(ping)臺高，單(dan)體電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)平(ping)均電(dian)(dian)壓為3.7V或3.2V，約等(deng)于(yu)3只鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)或鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)串聯電(dian)(dian)壓，便于(yu)組成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)組。

2、相對(dui)電池(chi)而言鋰電池(chi)能(neng)(neng)量密度(du)高。具有(you)高儲(chu)存能(neng)(neng)量密度(du)，目(mu)前已達到460-600Wh/kg，是鉛酸(suan)電池(chi)的約6-7倍。

3、相(xiang)對(dui)鉛酸電池而言鋰(li)電池重(zhong)量輕，相(xiang)同體積(ji)下(xia)重(zhong)量約為鉛酸產品的1/5-6。

4、鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)使用壽命(ming)相對(dui)較長，使用壽命(ming)可達到6年以上，磷酸亞(ya)鐵鋰(li)為正極(ji)的電(dian)池(chi)用1CDOD充放，有可以使用1000次的記錄(lu)。

5、具備高(gao)功率承受力，其(qi)中電動汽車用的(de)磷酸亞鐵鋰鋰離子電池可以達到15-30C充放電的(de)能力，便(bian)于高(gao)強度的(de)啟動加速。

6、自放電(dian)率(lv)低，無記憶(yi)效應，常應用于日(ri)常電(dian)子產品供電(dian)。

7、鋰電(dian)池(chi)高低(di)溫(wen)適應性強，可以在(zai)-20℃--60℃的(de)環境下(xia)使用(yong)，經過工藝上的(de)處理，可以在(zai)-45℃環境下(xia)使用(yong)。

8、綠(lv)色(se)環保，不論生產(chan)、使用(yong)和(he)報(bao)廢，都(dou)不含(han)有、也不產(chan)生任何鉛(qian)、汞、鎘等有毒(du)有害重金屬元素和(he)物質。

鋰電池的缺點(dian)

1、鋰電池均(jun)存(cun)在安全性差(cha)，有(you)發生爆(bao)炸(zha)的危險。

2、鈷酸鋰材料的鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池不(bu)能(neng)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，安全(quan)性(xing)較(jiao)差。

3、鋰電池(chi)均需(xu)保護線路(lu)，防止電池(chi)被過充過放電。

4、生產要求條件高，成本高。【詳細>>】

1、鋰電池應儲存(cun)在(zai)陰涼、干燥、安(an)全的(de)環境(jing)(jing)，它可(ke)儲存(cun)在(zai)溫度為-5～35℃，相對濕度不大于75%的(de)清(qing)潔、干燥、通風的(de)環境(jing)(jing)中(zhong)。注(zhu)意(yi)在(zai)較熱的(de)環境(jing)(jing)中(zhong)存(cun)放電池，會(hui)不可(ke)避免的(de)對電池的(de)質量造成相應的(de)損壞。

2、避免將鋰電池靠近熱源、明火、易(yi)燃易(yi)爆氣體、液體，這樣(yang)可能導(dao)致(zhi)電池泄露、發熱、冒煙、火災以及爆炸。

3、鋰電(dian)池如需長時間儲存(cun)（超過一個月(yue)），電(dian)池電(dian)量(liang)應保持標稱容量(liang)的30%～50%，儲存(cun)時每月(yue)需對電(dian)池進行(xing)補充電(dian)1—2小時。

4、電池(chi)應包裝成箱進行運(yun)輸(shu)，在運(yun)輸(shu)過程中應防止(zhi)劇烈振動、撞擊或擠壓，防止(zhi)日曬雨(yu)淋，可使用汽車、火車、輪(lun)船(chuan)、飛(fei)機(ji)等交通工具進行運(yun)輸(shu)。

5、鋰電(dian)池(chi)存儲過(guo)程中應避免(mian)金屬物體進入電(dian)池(chi)箱，這可能導致電(dian)池(chi)產(chan)生泄(xie)露、發熱、冒煙(yan)、火災以及爆炸(zha)。

6、如果在高(gao)于規定(ding)的操作溫度，即35°C以(yi)上(shang)的環境(jing)中使用鋰(li)電池(chi)(chi)，電池(chi)(chi)的電量(liang)將會不斷的減少。如果在這樣的溫度下，還(huan)要為(wei)鋰(li)電池(chi)(chi)充電，那對電池(chi)(chi)的損傷將更大。所以(yi)，盡量(liang)保持在適宜(yi)的操作溫度是延長鋰(li)電壽命的好方法。

7、要(yao)想發揮鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)池的(de)(de)最大效(xiao)能，就需要(yao)經(jing)常用它，讓鋰(li)電(dian)內的(de)(de)電(dian)子(zi)始終處(chu)于流動狀態。如果不(bu)經(jing)常使(shi)用鋰(li)電(dian)池，請一定(ding)記得每月給鋰(li)電(dian)完(wan)成一個充電(dian)周期，做(zuo)一次(ci)(ci)電(dian)量校準，即深(shen)放深(shen)充一次(ci)(ci)。

8、淺放淺充對于鋰電更有益處，只有在產品的電源模塊為鋰電做校準時，才有深放深充的必要。所以，使用鋰電供電的產品不必拘泥于過程，一切以方便為先，隨時充電，不必擔心影響壽命。【詳(xiang)細>>】

1、看(kan)外觀

看外(wai)觀(guan)是(shi)(shi)指看鋰(li)電池(chi)的(de)外(wai)觀(guan)，做工，大小(xiao)和(he)工藝。看外(wai)殼接縫線(xian)寬(kuan)不(bu)寬(kuan)，是(shi)(shi)否有毛(mao)刺，有沒有油(you)漬，摸起來手感好不(bu)好，先(xian)進的(de)工藝都是(shi)(shi)手感很舒服(fu)的(de)，經過打磨(mo)，橡膠油(you)拋光材料既手感好，同時(shi)絕緣性能也很強。

2、看(kan)是否(fou)明確標示容量

無明確標(biao)示容量的(de)(de)鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，很可(ke)能(neng)就(jiu)是(shi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)劣質(zhi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)芯(xin)或回收電(dian)池(chi)(chi)芯(xin)重新(xin)組裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)垃圾電(dian)池(chi)(chi)。市(shi)面上(shang)充斥著(zhu)許多廉價的(de)(de)鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，就(jiu)是(shi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)回收電(dian)池(chi)(chi)芯(xin)或拆機電(dian)池(chi)(chi)芯(xin)做(zuo)的(de)(de)，價格(ge)雖(sui)然便宜，但是(shi)壽(shou)命(ming)短，品質(zhi)不(bu)(bu)穩定，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)不(bu)(bu)慎可(ke)能(neng)會(hui)損壞設備(bei)，甚至發生爆炸。

3、看保護電(dian)路

鋰電池(chi)(chi)的(de)特性(xing)決定(ding)了鋰電池(chi)(chi)一定(ding)要外(wai)加保(bao)護板，以防(fang)止鋰電池(chi)(chi)過充(chong)、過放及短路(lu)(lu)等情況的(de)發生，不加保(bao)護板的(de)鋰電池(chi)(chi)會有變形、漏液、爆炸(zha)(zha)的(de)危險。在激烈(lie)的(de)價格(ge)競爭下，各電池(chi)(chi)封裝廠(chang)尋(xun)求更低價位的(de)保(bao)護電路(lu)(lu)，或者根本省略了這個裝置，使得市面(mian)上(shang)充(chong)斥著有爆炸(zha)(zha)危險的(de)鋰電池(chi)(chi)。當(dang)然，實際上(shang)消費者無(wu)法從外(wai)觀分辨出來是否有保(bao)護電路(lu)(lu)板，因(yin)此(ci)最好(hao)選(xuan)擇有信譽的(de)商家購買。

4、看品牌(pai)

鋰電池的品牌很多，質量卻很難從外觀看出。在這種情況下，大家在選擇之前就要多做點功課，多去網上查詢一下廠商資料。通常來說，專業廠商比小作坊更靠譜，從業時間長的廠商比剛進入該領域的廠商更值得信任。【詳細>>】