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【建筑施工知識百科】建筑施工流程 建筑工程施工安全規范

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建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程,指(zhi)通過對各(ge)(ge)類房屋建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)及其附屬設(she)施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)和(he)與其配(pei)套的(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)路、管道、設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝活(huo)動所形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程實體(ti)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)工(gong)(gong)程建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)實施(shi)階段的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)活(huo)動,是(shi)(shi)各(ge)(ge)類建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)過程。下面,就來了解下建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)合(he)同、建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)安(an)全規范(fan)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)流程、建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程工(gong)(gong)具、建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)圖(tu)等有(you)關建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)知識。

目錄
建筑工程類別
建筑工程施工許可證
建筑工程施工合同
建筑施工安全規范
建筑施工流程
建筑工程工具
建筑施工圖
建筑施工企業

1
建筑工程類別

1.建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程類別劃(hua)分以(yi)單位(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程為(wei)對象(xiang),組(zu)成單位(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的分項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程,如裝飾工(gong)(gong)(gong)程,鋼構件分別承發包(bao)時,仍(reng)以(yi)單位(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的類別作為(wei)確定分項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程類別的依據。

2.在同(tong)一(yi)類別工程中(zhong)有兩個特征指標的,凡符合其中(zhong)之(zhi)一(yi)者,即為該工程的類別。

3.由不(bu)同類(lei)型工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)混合組成(cheng)的單位工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(如商住樓),按占面積比例最大的工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)類(lei)別為(wei)對象確定工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)類(lei)別,同一類(lei)別的單位工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中有不(bu)同的檐口(kou)高度和(he)層數,選最高的檐高和(he)層數確定工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)類(lei)別。

4.附屬工程(cheng)如(ru)傳(chuan)達室,民用水加壓(ya)泵房,圍(wei)墻,下水道,化糞池,陰井(jing)等執(zhi)行(xing)四類工程(cheng)。

5.裝飾工程是指建筑工程綜(zong)合預(yu)算定(ding)額裝飾冊(ce)包(bao)括的相(xiang)應項目,其類別按主(zhu)體建筑工程的類別執行(xing)。【詳(xiang)細>>

2
建筑工程施工許可證

建(jian)(jian)筑工程施工許可(ke)證是為(wei)了加(jia)強對建(jian)(jian)筑活動的監督管理(li),維護建(jian)(jian)筑市場(chang)秩序,保證建(jian)(jian)筑工程的質量(liang)和安全。

建設(she)單位在開工前應當依照本辦法的規定,向工程所在地的縣級以(yi)上人民(min)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)建設(she)行政(zheng)(zheng)主管部門(以(yi)下簡(jian)稱發證機關(guan))申(shen)請領取施(shi)工許(xu)可證。

工(gong)程投資額在30萬元以下(xia)或者建筑面(mian)積在300平方米以(yi)下的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑工程(cheng),可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)不申請(qing)辦(ban)理(li)施工許可(ke)(ke)(ke)證。省、自治區、直轄市人民(min)政府建(jian)(jian)設行政主管(guan)部門可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)根據當地的(de)(de)實際情況,對限額進行調整,并報國務(wu)院建(jian)(jian)設行政主管(guan)部門備案。按照(zhao)國務(wu)院規定的(de)(de)權限和程(cheng)序批(pi)準開工報告的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑工程(cheng),不再(zai)領(ling)取施工許可(ke)(ke)(ke)證。

在獲得建筑工程施工許可證的同時,施工單位還要獲得中國產品強制認證報告,又稱公正檢驗,指兩個相互聯系的主體之外的某個客體,我們把它叫作第三方。【詳(xiang)細>>

3
建筑工程施工合同

建設(she)(she)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)合(he)同(tong)是(shi)指發包(bao)(bao)方(fang)(建設(she)(she)單(dan)位(wei)(wei))和(he)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)方(fang)(施(shi)(shi)工(gong)人(ren))為完(wan)成商(shang)定的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)工(gong)程(cheng),明確相互權利(li)、義務(wu)的(de)協議。依(yi)照施(shi)(shi)工(gong)合(he)同(tong),施(shi)(shi)工(gong)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)應完(wan)成建設(she)(she)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)交給的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)任務(wu),建設(she)(she)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)應按照規定提供必要條件并支付(fu)工(gong)程(cheng)價款(kuan)。建設(she)(she)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)合(he)同(tong)是(shi)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)人(ren)進行工(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)工(gong),發包(bao)(bao)人(ren)支付(fu)價款(kuan)的(de)合(he)同(tong),是(shi)建設(she)(she)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)主要合(he)同(tong),同(tong)時也(ye)是(shi)工(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)(she)質量控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)、進度控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)、投資控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)主要依(yi)據。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)合(he)同(tong)的(de)當事(shi)人(ren)是(shi)發包(bao)(bao)方(fang)和(he)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)方(fang),雙方(fang)是(shi)平等的(de)民事(shi)主體。

國家2013版《建設工程(cheng)施(shi)工合同(示范文(wen)本)》(GF-2013-0201)已由住建部、國家工(gong)商總局于2013年聯(lian)合發布使(shi)用,原《建設(she)工程施工合同(tong)(示范文本)》(GF-1999-0201)同時(shi)廢止。詳細>>

4
建筑施工安全規范

1.各(ge)級施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理單(dan)位(wei)的(de)干(gan)部和工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)人員,必須(xu)掌(zhang)握和認真執(zhi)行(xing)《建(jian)筑安(an)裝工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)安(an)全技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)》的(de)各(ge)項(xiang)規(gui)定;各(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)種的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人,必須(xu)熟悉(xi)本工(gong)(gong)(gong)種的(de)安(an)全技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)操作(zuo)規(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)。凡是(shi)不了解(jie)建(jian)筑安(an)全規(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)人員和未(wei)經(jing)過(guo)安(an)全技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)培訓(xun)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人、民工(gong)(gong)(gong),都不能(neng)參(can)加施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。

2.為(wei)了做到(dao)安(an)全生產、文明(ming)生產,必須在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)前(qian)編(bian)制(zhi)施(shi)工(gong)組織設(she)計,做好施(shi)工(gong)平(ping)(ping)面布置。一切附屬設(she)施(shi)的搭設(she)、機械安(an)裝、運輸道路、上下(xia)水道、電力網、蒸(zheng)汽管道和其(qi)它臨時工(gong)程(cheng)的位置,都需在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)組織設(she)計場區(qu)規劃中仔細合理安(an)排,做到(dao)即安(an)全文明(ming),又合理使用平(ping)(ping)面和空(kong)間。

3.施工現(xian)場周圍應設(she)柵欄,有懸崖、陡坡等危險的地區設(she)柵欄和(he)警戒標志(zhi),夜間要(yao)設(she)紅(hong)燈示警。施工現(xian)場地面應平(ping)整,溝、坑(keng)應填(tian)平(ping)或設(she)置蓋板。

4.按(an)規定使用(yong)安全“三寶”(安全帽、安全帶、安全網。)任何人員進入施工現場必須戴安全帽。【詳細>>

5
建筑施工流程

1.土方開挖后,承臺磚胎膜砌筑(zhu);2.承臺(tai)基礎梁磚胎膜砌筑(zhu);

3.承臺、底(di)板墊層砼澆搗;4.地下(xia)室底板及承臺基(ji)礎梁防水卷材施(shi)工;

5.鋼(gang)筋(jin)綁扎中;6.地(di)下(xia)室外墻及消防水(shui)池(chi)的(de)施工(gong)縫(feng)處的(de)止水(shui)鋼(gang)板(ban)焊接(jie)施工(gong)中;

7.外墻(qiang)施工縫處模(mo)板掛(gua)模(mo);8.外墻模板掛模,注意(yi)要用(yong)止水螺桿;

9.管(guan)道(dao)預埋;10.高低跨(kua)處模(mo)板(ban)的下部我(wo)們焊上了鋼筋(jin)支架;

11、止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)鋼板(ban)在(zai)柱的(de)節點,當然(ran)各(ge)地在(zai)此次的(de)做法可以都不(bu)大一樣啊,有的(de)地方(fang)的(de)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)鋼板(ban)有直接通過柱的(de)箍(gu)(gu)筋,也就是(shi)箍(gu)(gu)筋斷(duan)(duan)開,止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)鋼板(ban)不(bu)斷(duan)(duan),然(ran)后箍(gu)(gu)筋采取焊(han)接。有的(de)地方(fang)就是(shi)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)鋼板(ban)到柱邊就斷(duan)(duan)開,保證柱箍(gu)(gu)筋不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)開。詳細>>

瓦工(gong)常用的(de)操作工(gong)具:瓦刀、拉拉車、砂漿機、馬(ma)凳(deng)、鋼卷(juan)尺(chi)、鐵(tie)鍬等

木工(gong)(gong)常(chang)用工(gong)(gong)具:手(shou)鋸(ju)、釘錘、電鋸(ju)、電刨(bao)、自制推刨(bao)等

鋼筋(jin)工常用工具:綁扎勾、彎曲機、對(dui)焊機、電焊機、切斷(duan)機等

垂(chui)直運輸設(she)備:塔吊、龍門(men)架

鋼筋(jin)(jin)加工設備:鋼筋(jin)(jin)調直(zhi)機(ji)、鋼筋(jin)(jin)彎曲機(ji)、鋼筋(jin)(jin)切斷機(ji)

木工加(jia)工設備:電鋸、電刨、壓刨

還有混凝土攪拌機、電焊機等。【詳細>>

大(da)體上建筑施工(gong)圖包括(kuo)以(yi)下部分:圖紙(zhi)目錄,門(men)窗表,建筑設計(ji)總(zong)說明(ming),一(yi)層(ceng)~屋頂的(de)平(ping)面(mian)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),正立面(mian)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),背立面(mian)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),東立面(mian)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),西立面(mian)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),剖面(mian)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(視情況,有多(duo)個(ge)),節點大樣(yang)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)及門窗大樣(yang)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),樓(lou)梯大樣(yang)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(視功能可能有多(duo)個(ge)樓(lou)梯及電梯)。作(zuo)為一(yi)(yi)個(ge)結構設(she)計(ji)師必須認真嚴謹的(de)把建筑(zhu)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)理一(yi)(yi)遍,不懂(dong)的(de)地方需要(yao)向建筑(zhu)及建筑(zhu)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)上涉及的(de)其他(ta)專業請(qing)教(jiao),要(yao)做到絕對明(ming)了(le)建筑(zhu)的(de)設(she)計(ji)構思和意(yi)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。詳(xiang)細>>

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