一、電動汽車電機參數分析

電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車主要(yao)分為(wei)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)和(he)油電(dian)(dian)混合(he)(he)(he)兩大類(lei)，其中(zhong)(zhong)油電(dian)(dian)混合(he)(he)(he)的大類(lei)中(zhong)(zhong)又分為(wei)油電(dian)(dian)混合(he)(he)(he)、插電(dian)(dian)式混合(he)(he)(he)動(dong)(dong)力(li)和(he)增程式混合(he)(he)(he)動(dong)(dong)力(li)三(san)類(lei)。一般(ban)在參(can)數(shu)配(pei)置(zhi)表中(zhong)(zhong)主要(yao)看(kan)以下三(san)個參(can)數(shu)：

1、最大功率

最大(da)(da)功率是指一臺電(dian)機(ji)所(suo)能實(shi)現的(de)最大(da)(da)動(dong)(dong)力(li)輸(shu)出，這(zhe)個概念和發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)相(xiang)似，不過電(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車電(dian)機(ji)卻有著自(zi)己的(de)動(dong)(dong)力(li)輸(shu)出特性。

電動汽車電機是一種能量轉換效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率很(hen)高(gao)的(de)機器，相比內(nei)燃機30%多的(de)工(gong)(gong)作效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率，電動機通常都在(zai)85%以上，而且功率越大，工(gong)(gong)作效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率也越高(gao)，而大型(xing)電機的(de)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率甚至可(ke)以達到98%。

2、最大扭矩

扭(niu)(niu)矩(ju)是指發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)轉(zhuan)時(shi)從曲軸(zhou)端輸出的平均力矩(ju)，俗稱為(wei)發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的“轉(zhuan)勁”，是發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)能(neng)的一個重要參數，扭(niu)(niu)矩(ju)越大，發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)輸出的“勁”越大，曲軸(zhou)轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)的變化也越快，汽車(che)的爬坡能(neng)力、起步速(su)(su)度和加速(su)(su)性(xing)也越好。

電(dian)動汽車電(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)最大扭矩不(bu)僅與電(dian)動機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)轉速有關還(huan)和(he)功率有關。而(er)電(dian)動機(ji)(ji)最大的(de)(de)特點就是低轉速下的(de)(de)扭矩強(qiang)勁，正是基(ji)于這(zhe)一點，在混合動力(li)系統中，當車輛起步或(huo)急加速時，電(dian)動機(ji)(ji)可以起到輔助和(he)彌補發動機(ji)(ji)動力(li)特性的(de)(de)作用，從而(er)提(ti)升車輛的(de)(de)加速性能。

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3、電池容量

對于(yu)純電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)(che)、中(zhong)度(du)及重度(du)混合動力汽車(che)(che)以及增程(cheng)式汽車(che)(che)來說，它們(men)都(dou)涉及到一(yi)個(ge)在純電(dian)(dian)(dian)力驅動模式下的續(xu)航(hang)里(li)程(cheng)問題(ti)，這個(ge)續(xu)航(hang)里(li)程(cheng)的多少主要與電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的容量相關(guan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量越(yue)大，續(xu)航(hang)里(li)程(cheng)就遠。不(bu)過在實際情況中(zhong)，由于(yu)受到外界環境的影響（特別(bie)是氣溫(wen)）以及空調和電(dian)(dian)(dian)器設備的使用，續(xu)航(hang)里(li)程(cheng)通常都(dou)低(di)于(yu)工(gong)信(xin)部或者廠家所標注的最大續(xu)航(hang)里(li)程(cheng)。

電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容量也(ye)(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)一塊(kuai)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組中究(jiu)竟蘊藏了(le)多(duo)少能(neng)量，衡量它的(de)(de)(de)(de)單位(wei)我們用kWh，1kWh也(ye)(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)我們常(chang)說的(de)(de)(de)(de)1度電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量。目前，國內普通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)純電(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容量通(tong)常(chang)在20kWh左右(you)，所以其續航里(li)程(cheng)也(ye)(ye)就(jiu)只有100多(duo)公里(li)，油電(dian)混合汽(qi)(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)(de)續航里(li)程(cheng)要大(da)一些，但也(ye)(ye)跟電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容量無關，而是(shi)使(shi)用了(le)汽(qi)(qi)油。

二、電動汽車驅動電機如何測試性能

電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)驅動(dong)電(dian)機(ji)的測(ce)試(shi)尤為重(zhong)要(yao)，這(zhe)直接關乎(hu)到汽車(che)的運行狀態，只有滿足相關功能項目測(ce)試(shi)的電(dian)機(ji)才能夠勝任(ren)(ren)如此艱巨(ju)的任(ren)(ren)務(wu)。

1、電機驅動系統的測試

電(dian)(dian)機驅(qu)動(dong)系統是純電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車中將蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)輸出(chu)的直流母線電(dian)(dian)壓轉(zhuan)化(hua)為交流電(dian)(dian)，并用交流電(dian)(dian)驅(qu)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)機運(yun)轉(zhuan)，是電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車的核心部分(fen)。

2、電池充電系統的測試

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統是將(jiang)(jiang)外界(jie)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁、充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站等(deng)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)換為(wei)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，給純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)存儲(chu)在蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)負載供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統的(de)(de)主(zhu)要功能(neng)是將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)輸出的(de)(de)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)母(mu)線的(de)(de)穩定的(de)(de)高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)化為(wei)低(di)壓(ya)輸出，為(wei)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)低(di)壓(ya)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)負載供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

3、直流穩壓系統的測試

蓄電(dian)池的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)由于經常(chang)充放(fang)電(dian)的(de)緣故，其(qi)兩端電(dian)壓(ya)是一個(ge)在一定(ding)范圍(wei)內浮動的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)，需(xu)要將(jiang)這個(ge)范圍(wei)內的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)穩(wen)定(ding)在一個(ge)穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)直(zhi)(zhi)流母線電(dian)壓(ya)，以供直(zhi)(zhi)接應用或做其(qi)它電(dian)壓(ya)轉(zhuan)換。