一、黃銅、青銅、紫銅、白銅的成分和區別

1、紫銅

紫銅(tong)(tong)是銅(tong)(tong)含量很高的銅(tong)(tong)，以純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)為基體加入一種(zhong)或幾種(zhong)其他元素所構成(cheng)的合金。純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)呈紫紅色(se)，又(you)稱(cheng)紫銅(tong)(tong)。純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)密度為8.96，熔(rong)點為1083℃，具有優(you)良的導電性(xing)、導熱性(xing)、延展性(xing)和(he)耐(nai)蝕性(xing)。主要用于制作(zuo)發電機、母線(xian)、電纜、開關裝置、變壓器(qi)等(deng)電工器(qi)材和(he)熱交(jiao)換器(qi)、管道、太陽能加熱裝置的平板集熱器(qi)等(deng)導熱器(qi)材。

2、黃銅

黃銅是由(you)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)(he)(he)鋅所組成(cheng)的(de)合金，具有美觀(guan)的(de)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)色，統稱(cheng)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鋅二元合金稱(cheng)普通黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)或(huo)稱(cheng)簡單黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。為了改(gai)善普通黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)性(xing)能，常(chang)添加其他元素，如鋁、鎳、錳(meng)、錫(xi)(xi)、硅、鉛(qian)等。鋁能提(ti)高黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)強度(du)、硬度(du)和(he)(he)(he)耐(nai)蝕性(xing)，但使塑(su)性(xing)降低，適合作(zuo)海輪冷凝(ning)管及其他耐(nai)蝕零(ling)件。錫(xi)(xi)能提(ti)高黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)強度(du)和(he)(he)(he)對海水(shui)的(de)耐(nai)腐性(xing)，故稱(cheng)海軍黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，用作(zuo)船(chuan)舶熱工(gong)設備和(he)(he)(he)螺旋(xuan)槳等。鉛(qian)能改(gai)善黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)切削性(xing)能；這種(zhong)易切削黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)用作(zuo)鐘(zhong)表零(ling)件。黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鑄件常(chang)用來制作(zuo)閥門和(he)(he)(he)管道(dao)配件等。

3、青銅

青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)除了(le)鋅和(he)鎳(nie)以外的(de)元素形(xing)成的(de)合金(jin)，主要有(you)錫(xi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，鋁青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等。錫(xi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造性能、減摩性能好(hao)和(he)機械性能好(hao)，適(shi)合於(wu)制(zhi)造軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承、蝸輪(lun)(lun)、齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)等。鉛青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)現代發動機和(he)磨床廣泛使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承材料(liao)。鋁青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)強度(du)高(gao)，耐磨性和(he)耐蝕性好(hao)，用(yong)於(wu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造高(gao)載荷的(de)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)、軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)套、船用(yong)螺(luo)旋槳等。鈹青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)磷(lin)青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)彈性極(ji)限(xian)高(gao)，導電性好(hao)，適(shi)於(wu)制(zhi)造精(jing)密(mi)彈簧和(he)電接觸元件，鈹青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)還用(yong)來制(zhi)造煤礦、油庫等使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)無火花工具。

4、白銅

以鎳(nie)(nie)為(wei)(wei)主要添加(jia)元(yuan)素(su)(su)的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)金(jin)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鎳(nie)(nie)二元(yuan)合(he)金(jin)稱普通白(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)；加(jia)有錳(meng)、鐵(tie)、鋅、鋁等元(yuan)素(su)(su)的(de)(de)白(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)金(jin)稱復雜白(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。工業用(yong)白(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)分為(wei)(wei)結構(gou)白(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)工白(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)兩大類(lei)。結構(gou)白(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)特點是(shi)機(ji)械性(xing)能和(he)(he)耐蝕性(xing)好(hao)，色(se)澤美觀。這(zhe)種白(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)廣泛用(yong)於制(zhi)造(zao)精密機(ji)械、化工機(ji)械和(he)(he)船(chuan)舶構(gou)件。電(dian)(dian)(dian)工白(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一般有良好(hao)的(de)(de)熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)能。錳(meng)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、康銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、考銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)含錳(meng)量不同的(de)(de)錳(meng)白(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，是(shi)制(zhi)造(zao)精密電(dian)(dian)(dian)工儀器、變阻(zu)器、精密電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、應變片、熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)偶等用(yong)的(de)(de)材料。

二、黃銅青銅紫銅白銅哪個貴

在價格方面，紫銅最(zui)(zui)貴(gui)，白銅(tong)次之，隨后是青銅(tong)，最(zui)(zui)便宜的是黃(huang)銅(tong)。不過最(zui)(zui)便宜的也要(yao)比鐵貴(gui)出幾倍。