農產品批發市場的意義

農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)批(pi)發市(shi)場是為(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)集中交易(yi)提(ti)供場所(suo)的(de)(de)(de)有形市(shi)場，是農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)流通(tong)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)與營銷體(ti)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)核心(xin)環節，發揮著集散(san)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)、提(ti)供價格(ge)服務等(deng)功能。我國(guo)“小農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶，大市(shi)場”的(de)(de)(de)矛盾導致了(le)在(zai)眾多的(de)(de)(de)小農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶和巨(ju)大的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場之間需(xu)要一個(ge)龐大的(de)(de)(de)流通(tong)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)來完成生鮮農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)集散(san)功能。順應需(xu)求，產(chan)生并(bing)形成了(le)批(pi)發市(shi)場主導型鮮活農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)物流模式。目前，我國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)通(tong)過批(pi)發市(shi)場流通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)比率非常高(gao)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)批(pi)發市(shi)場作為(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)流通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)中心(xin)樞(shu)紐，對保障城(cheng)市(shi)供應、解決(jue)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)“買賣難(nan)”問(wen)題(ti)起著重要作用。

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農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)決(jue)定了農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)擴(kuo)大再(zai)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)，而農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)批(pi)發(fa)(fa)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)是(shi)我(wo)國農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)主要渠道。所以農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業產(chan)(chan)(chan)業化(hua)(hua)的(de)關鍵不(bu)是(shi)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)環節，而是(shi)銷售(shou)環節，取決(jue)于農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)是(shi)否能(neng)夠開(kai)拓市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)、贏得市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)。目前(qian)，我(wo)國農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)批(pi)發(fa)(fa)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)交易額(e)已占(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)社會消費總額(e)的(de)70%以上。在新時代(dai)下(xia)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)供應鏈受到農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)超(chao)、消費升級的(de)挑戰，面臨被(bei)孤立的(de)現實。因(yin)此我(wo)們(men)應通(tong)(tong)(tong)過農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)批(pi)發(fa)(fa)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)的(de)升級改造，完善農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)物流(liu)體(ti)系(xi)，增(zeng)強其信(xin)息(xi)服務功能(neng)，促進生產(chan)(chan)(chan)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)與(yu)消費的(de)緊密結合，建(jian)立農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)現代(dai)化(hua)(hua)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)系(xi)，提高我(wo)國農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)國際競(jing)爭力。

如何進行農產品批發市場功能優化

1、完善農產品集散和交易的基本功能

農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)批(pi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)市場(chang)功(gong)能優(you)化需(xu)要農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)批(pi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)市場(chang)進一步完(wan)善農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)集散和(he)交易(yi)的(de)基本(ben)功(gong)能，主要體現(xian)為優(you)化農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)批(pi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)市場(chang)的(de)區域布局(ju)以及(ji)為農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)批(pi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)交易(yi)提(ti)供完(wan)備的(de)基礎設(she)施。在農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)交易(yi)過程中(zhong)，由于農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)大多具(ju)有鮮活易(yi)腐(fu)爛的(de)特點，保存(cun)時間較(jiao)短，農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)在批(pi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)交易(yi)過程中(zhong)損耗率(lv)較(jiao)高(gao)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)批(pi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)市場(chang)需(xu)要加強農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)倉(cang)儲、物流(liu)、冷鏈、保鮮等(deng)基礎設(she)施建設(she)，降低(di)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)在流(liu)通過程中(zhong)的(de)損耗。此外，農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)批(pi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)市場(chang)應該具(ju)備完(wan)善的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)分類(lei)、分級(ji)、加工、包裝(zhuang)、儲運、裝(zhuang)卸以及(ji)金融結(jie)算(suan)服務(wu)功(gong)能，以提(ti)高(gao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)流(liu)通效(xiao)率(lv)和(he)交易(yi)效(xiao)率(lv)。

2、強化價格形成和降低交易成本的核心功能

由于農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產具有一定(ding)周期性(xing)，而傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)即期現貨交(jiao)易(yi)形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)存在滯后性(xing)，只能反映當(dang)前(qian)農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)供(gong)求形(xing)勢(shi)，無法(fa)體現未來農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)供(gong)給(gei)狀況及價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)走勢(shi)，在引導農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產方面的(de)(de)(de)作用有限。農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)批發(fa)(fa)市場(chang)應當(dang)能夠發(fa)(fa)揮套期保值、規避風險和價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)發(fa)(fa)現的(de)(de)(de)功能，能夠有效(xiao)對沖(chong)現貨市場(chang)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)波(bo)動，為農(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)產者(zhe)提(ti)供(gong)明確(que)的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)信號。此外，出臺相(xiang)關(guan)法(fa)律法(fa)規，規范農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)批發(fa)(fa)市場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)易(yi)秩(zhi)序，減少農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)批發(fa)(fa)市場(chang)中的(de)(de)(de)惡性(xing)競爭、壟斷經營以及各種亂收費現象也是降低農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)交(jiao)易(yi)成本的(de)(de)(de)有效(xiao)途徑。

3、明確信息服務和公益性的衍生功能

農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)是(shi)人們日常生活(huo)中(zhong)的(de)(de)必需(xu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)，農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)供(gong)求及價(jia)格(ge)(ge)穩定關系(xi)到農(nong)民收益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)和消費(fei)者福(fu)利，是(shi)重要的(de)(de)民生問題。農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)批發市場具(ju)有(you)顯(xian)著的(de)(de)公益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)性特征(zheng)，我們應(ying)當保障(zhang)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)市場供(gong)應(ying)、穩定農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)、確保農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質量安(an)全的(de)(de)公益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)功(gong)能。農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)批發市場的(de)(de)發展(zhan)可(ke)以(yi)重點從農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)批發交易的(de)(de)稅收減免(mian)和保障(zhang)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)食品(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全兩(liang)方(fang)面強(qiang)化其(qi)公益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)性特征(zheng)。