一、調羹和勺子的區別在哪
其實調羹(geng)和勺子(zi)二者(zhe)并(bing)無差別(bie)。北(bei)方人(ren)習(xi)慣叫勺子(zi),南方人(ren)則習(xi)慣稱(cheng)作是(shi)(shi)調羹(geng),二者(zhe)并(bing)無本質差異。調羹(geng)或者(zhe)勺子(zi)是(shi)(shi)指的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種帶柄的(de)(de)可供舀取食物的(de)(de)餐具。勺子(zi)是(shi)(shi)由中國人(ren)發明的(de)(de),在新石器(qi)時代就有出現,隨著地域的(de)(de)不斷(duan)擴大,衍生出調羹(geng)和勺子(zi)兩(liang)種叫法(fa)。
調(diao)羹和勺子是常用(yong)(yong)的餐具(ju),同(tong)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)筷(kuai)子一樣(yang),也有一定的講究。用(yong)(yong)法是右手持調(diao)羹或勺子的柄(bing)端,拇(mu)指(zhi)在上(shang),按(an)住調(diao)羹或勺子的柄(bing),食(shi)指(zhi)和中指(zhi)在下支撐。
二、勺子是誰發明的
考古發現,中(zhong)國人(ren)最早使(shi)用(yong)(yong)勺子(zi)(zi)進(jin)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是在距今(jin)七八(ba)千年前的(de)新(xin)石(shi)器(qi)時代。古代中(zhong)國人(ren)發明(ming)勺子(zi)(zi)進(jin)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),與農耕文(wen)化的(de)出(chu)(chu)現有(you)直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)的(de)關聯。中(zhong)國新(xin)石(shi)器(qi)時代農作物品種(zhong)主要(yao)是水稻(dao)和粟,分別適宜于濕潤的(de)南方和干旱的(de)北(bei)方種(zhong)植,這兩種(zhong)谷物的(de)烹飪比較(jiao)簡(jian)單(dan),可以直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)粒食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),加上水煮成(cheng)粥飯(fan)即可食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。熱騰騰的(de)粥飯(fan),特別是半(ban)流質的(de)粥食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),不便(bian)直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)用(yong)(yong)手抓食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),需(xu)要(yao)借用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)介器(qi)具,于是最簡(jian)單(dan)的(de)勺子(zi)(zi)便(bian)被發明(ming)出(chu)(chu)來(lai)了。因(yin)為(wei)有(you)了需(xu)求(qiu),于是人(ren)們隨(sui)手撿來(lai)獸(shou)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)片(pian)(pian)或蚌殼,起初(chu)也許并沒進(jin)行修(xiu)整就用(yong)(yong)它取食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)了。后來(lai)人(ren)們不再滿意骨(gu)(gu)(gu)片(pian)(pian)長長短短的(de)自然狀態(tai),于是真正意義(yi)的(de)勺子(zi)(zi)就制作出(chu)(chu)來(lai)了。
進(jin)入青銅(tong)(tong)時代(dai)(dai)以(yi)后,中原(yuan)(yuan)地區仍(reng)然承續著新石器(qi)時代(dai)(dai)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)勺(shao)子(zi)進(jin)餐的傳統,不僅繼(ji)續使(shi)(shi)用(yong)骨(gu)質勺(shao)子(zi),而且(qie)出(chu)現(xian)了(le)銅(tong)(tong)質勺(shao)子(zi)。自冶銅(tong)(tong)技術出(chu)現(xian)以(yi)后,作為進(jin)餐用(yong)的勺(shao)子(zi)也(ye)開始(shi)用(yong)銅(tong)(tong)打(da)造。中原(yuan)(yuan)在青銅(tong)(tong)時代(dai)(dai)骨(gu)質勺(shao)子(zi)仍(reng)然是一種受(shou)到普遍重視的進(jin)食(shi)器(qi)具(ju),到了(le)西周時期,骨(gu)質勺(shao)子(zi)的使(shi)(shi)用(yong)已不如過去那樣普遍了(le)。最先出(chu)現(xian)的銅(tong)(tong)質勺(shao)子(zi),形制多(duo)仿照長條形骨(gu)質勺(shao)子(zi)。
中原地區從西(xi)周時代開始,開始流行使用一(yi)種(zhong)青銅(tong)勺(shao)形餐勺(shao)。這種(zhong)勺(shao)子呈尖葉狀,柄部扁平而且比較寬(kuan)大。
到戰(zhan)(zhan)國時(shi)出(chu)(chu)現一種長柄(bing)舌(she)(she)形(xing)勺(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)的勺(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)子(zi),它(ta)的柄(bing)部較(jiao)細,勺(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)體已(yi)改為橢圓狀的舌(she)(she)形(xing)。窄柄(bing)舌(she)(she)形(xing)餐勺(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),大約在春秋時(shi)代晚期就已(yi)經定型(xing)生產出(chu)(chu)來(lai)。從戰(zhan)(zhan)國時(shi)代開(kai)始,窄柄(bing)舌(she)(she)形(xing)勺(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)子(zi)成(cheng)為了中國古代餐勺(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)的主流形(xing)態(tai),一直(zhi)沿用了兩(liang)千多年。戰(zhan)(zhan)國勺(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)子(zi)還(huan)采用了漆木工藝(yi),出(chu)(chu)現了秀美的漆木餐勺(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)。漆木餐勺(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)同青銅勺(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)子(zi)一樣,造(zao)型(xing)亦取窄柄(bing)舌(she)(she)形(xing)勺(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)的樣式,整(zheng)體髹漆,通常(chang)還(huan)描繪有精美的幾何紋(wen)飾。
在遼宋金元各代,除了大量(liang)制(zhi)作(zuo)銅質勺(shao)子(zi)以外,也(ye)有不(bu)少(shao)白銀(yin)打造(zao)的(de)勺(shao)子(zi)。在這一大段時期,勺(shao)子(zi)的(de)造(zao)型基本上承繼(ji)了唐(tang)代細柄(bing)舌(she)形勺(shao)餐勺(shao)的(de)傳統,區別僅(jin)在柄(bing)尾略為加(jia)寬而(er)已(yi)。以后隨著時代和(he)餐飲的(de)多(duo)樣化發展(zhan),工藝水(shui)平逐(zhu)漸提高,勺(shao)子(zi)也(ye)就(jiu)變得更加(jia)實用、更加(jia)精致(zhi),形狀也(ye)越(yue)來越(yue)多(duo)樣化。
時至今日,大部分勺子的材質主(zhu)要有塑料、木質、不銹鋼、陶瓷等。