什么是負擔行為
負(fu)擔(dan)行(xing)(xing)為是(shi)指(zhi)一個人(ren)相對(dui)于另(ling)一個人(ren)(或(huo)若干人(ren))承擔(dan)為或(huo)不為一定行(xing)(xing)為之義(yi)務(wu)的法(fa)律行(xing)(xing)為,它的首要義(yi)務(wu)是(shi)確定某(mou)項給付(fu)義(yi)務(wu),即產生債務(wu)關系。
負擔行為以發生債權債務為內容的法律行(xing)為(wei),也叫(jiao)債(zhai)權行(xing)為(wei),負擔行(xing)為(wei)與處(chu)分(fen)行(xing)為(wei)是(shi)法(fa)律行(xing)為(wei)的分(fen)類之一。
什么是處分行為
處(chu)(chu)分行(xing)為是直(zhi)接使某種(zhong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)發生、變更或消滅的法律行(xing)為,其處(chu)(chu)分的客體是權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)。處(chu)(chu)分行(xing)為包(bao)括物(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)為及準物(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)為,包(bao)括契(qi)約(如所有(you)權(quan)(quan)(quan)的移轉(zhuan)、抵押(ya)權(quan)(quan)(quan)的設定)及單獨行(xing)為(如所有(you)權(quan)(quan)(quan)的拋棄)。
處(chu)分行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)分為(wei)(wei)物(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)與準物(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)兩(liang)類。物(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)是(shi)直接變動物(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)效(xiao)果的行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei),如(ru)讓與物(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)、拋棄物(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)、認(ren)定(ding)抵押或質(zhi)權(quan)(quan)(quan)等(deng)(deng);準物(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)是(shi)直接變動物(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)以外支配型權(quan)(quan)(quan)認(ren)定(ding)、移轉或消滅效(xiao)果的處(chu)分行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei),例如(ru)認(ren)定(ding)采礦權(quan)(quan)(quan)、漁業權(quan)(quan)(quan)等(deng)(deng)。
處分行為與負擔行為的區別
1、法律(lv)效果不同。處分行(xing)為發生(sheng)使相對(dui)人(ren)取得權利的(de)(de)法律(lv)效果,而負擔行(xing)為的(de)(de)效力則在(zai)于使行(xing)為人(ren)承(cheng)擔給付義務。
2、處分行(xing)為以行(xing)為人具(ju)有處分權為生效要(yao)件(jian),負擔行(xing)為則不需要(yao)行(xing)為人具(ju)備處分權。
3、處分行為(wei)適用標(biao)的(de)物(wu)特(te)(te)定(ding)化原則,即處分行為(wei)的(de)標(biao)的(de)物(wu)必須是特(te)(te)定(ding)的(de)。負擔(dan)行為(wei)則沒有(you)這樣的(de)限制(zhi)。
4、處分行(xing)(xing)為適用公示原則,負(fu)擔行(xing)(xing)為沒有這一(yi)要求。