一、電抗器和濾波器的區別

1、性質不同

電抗器也叫電感器，一個導體通電時就會在其所占據的(de)一定(ding)空(kong)間(jian)范(fan)圍產生磁場，所以所有能載流(liu)的(de)電導體都有一般(ban)意義(yi)上的(de)感性。

濾波器由電容、電感和電阻組成的濾波電路。濾波器可以對電(dian)源線中特(te)定(ding)頻率(lv)的(de)頻點或該頻點以外的(de)頻率(lv)進行有效濾(lv)除(chu)，得到一個特(te)定(ding)頻率(lv)的(de)電(dian)源信號，或消除(chu)一個特(te)定(ding)頻率(lv)后的(de)電(dian)源信號。

2、分類不同

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)按結構及冷卻介質分為(wei)空心(xin)式、鐵心(xin)式、干式、油浸式等。按接法(fa)分為(wei)并(bing)聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)和串聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)。按功能(neng)分為(wei)限流和補(bu)(bu)償(chang)。按用(yong)途分為(wei)限流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)、濾波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)、平(ping)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)、功率(lv)因數補(bu)(bu)償(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)、串聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)、平(ping)衡電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)、接地電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)、消弧線(xian)圈、進線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)、出線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)、飽和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)、自飽和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)、可(ke)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)（可(ke)調電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)、可(ke)控(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)）、軛流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)、串聯諧振電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)、并(bing)聯諧振電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)等。

濾(lv)(lv)波器(qi)(qi)(qi)按(an)所(suo)處理(li)的(de)信號分(fen)為(wei)模擬(ni)濾(lv)(lv)波器(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)數字濾(lv)(lv)波器(qi)(qi)(qi)兩種。按(an)所(suo)通(tong)過(guo)信號的(de)頻段(duan)分(fen)為(wei)低通(tong)、高(gao)通(tong)、帶(dai)通(tong)、帶(dai)阻(zu)和(he)(he)全通(tong)濾(lv)(lv)波器(qi)(qi)(qi)五種。按(an)所(suo)采用的(de)元器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)分(fen)為(wei)無(wu)源和(he)(he)有源濾(lv)(lv)波器(qi)(qi)(qi)兩種。根(gen)據濾(lv)(lv)波器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)安放位(wei)置不同(tong)，分(fen)為(wei)板上濾(lv)(lv)波器(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)面板濾(lv)(lv)波器(qi)(qi)(qi)。

3、作用不同

濾波器(qi)為(wei)一(yi)種(zhong)選頻(pin)裝置，可(ke)以(yi)使信號中特定(ding)的頻(pin)率成分通(tong)過(guo)，而極大地衰減(jian)其他頻(pin)率成分。利(li)用(yong)濾波器(qi)的這種(zhong)選頻(pin)作用(yong)，可(ke)以(yi)濾除干(gan)擾噪聲或進(jin)行頻(pin)譜分析。

電(dian)(dian)力系統中所采(cai)取的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)常見的(de)(de)有(you)串聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)和并(bing)聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)。串聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)主要用來(lai)限(xian)制短路電(dian)(dian)流，也有(you)在濾波(bo)器(qi)中與(yu)電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)串聯(lian)或并(bing)聯(lian)用來(lai)限(xian)制電(dian)(dian)網中的(de)(de)高次諧波(bo)。220kV、110kV、35kV、10kV電(dian)(dian)網中的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)用來(lai)吸(xi)收電(dian)(dian)纜線路的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)容性無功的(de)(de)。可以通過調(diao)整(zheng)并(bing)聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)的(de)(de)數(shu)量來(lai)調(diao)整(zheng)運行電(dian)(dian)壓。

二、電抗器和濾波器哪個治理諧波好

電抗器和(he)(he)濾波(bo)器是在諧波(bo)治理中常見(jian)的兩種設備。雖然它(ta)們都有(you)著對諧波(bo)電流和(he)(he)電壓(ya)進行有(you)效(xiao)控制的功能，但是在實際應用(yong)中，它(ta)們的效(xiao)果和(he)(he)特點(dian)卻有(you)著明顯(xian)的區別。

電(dian)抗器(qi)是一(yi)種被(bei)動(dong)式的電(dian)力(li)設備，主(zhu)要通過電(dian)感元(yuan)件對諧波電(dian)流進行(xing)阻抗匹配(pei)和(he)電(dian)壓降低(di)，實現諧波治理的目的。相(xiang)比較于濾(lv)波器(qi)，電(dian)抗器(qi)具有結構簡單(dan)、造(zao)價低(di)廉(lian)以及可(ke)靠性高的特(te)點。

由于(yu)其排除電(dian)(dian)(dian)網諧(xie)波的(de)(de)方式主要是降(jiang)(jiang)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，因此在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)偏低的(de)(de)情況下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)器可以(yi)發揮較好(hao)的(de)(de)諧(xie)波治理(li)效果。然而，電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)器存(cun)在(zai)一個缺點，即它不(bu)能對(dui)諧(xie)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)進行有效的(de)(de)降(jiang)(jiang)低，因此對(dui)于(yu)負荷(he)側的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備，諧(xie)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)影響仍然存(cun)在(zai)。

而濾(lv)波(bo)(bo)(bo)器是一(yi)種能夠消除諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)和電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)主動式設(she)備。它通過(guo)在電(dian)(dian)網中注入(ru)適當的(de)反(fan)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)或通過(guo)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)和電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)之間(jian)的(de)相位關系來實現(xian)功(gong)率因數校正和諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)治理(li)。相較于(yu)電(dian)(dian)抗器，濾(lv)波(bo)(bo)(bo)器的(de)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)治理(li)效果更加全(quan)面和徹底。

濾波(bo)器(qi)能夠消除諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)流和電(dian)(dian)壓，減(jian)少諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)對負荷側電(dian)(dian)氣設備(bei)的影響。此外，濾波(bo)器(qi)還可(ke)以(yi)根據實際需求(qiu)進行調整和設置，以(yi)適應(ying)不(bu)同的諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)治理(li)要求(qiu)。

電抗(kang)器(qi)和濾波器(qi)在諧波治(zhi)理(li)中都發揮(hui)著重要的作用(yong)。電抗(kang)器(qi)在電壓下(xia)降的情況下(xia)適用(yong)性更強，結構簡單且成本(ben)低廉；而濾波器(qi)的諧波治(zhi)理(li)效果更徹底，能夠(gou)消(xiao)除諧波電流和電壓，但(dan)造價相對(dui)較高。

三、電抗器和濾波器的接線順序

在電氣系統中，電抗器和濾波(bo)(bo)器(qi)通常是一(yi)起使用的。但是，它們(men)的接(jie)線順序很重要(yao)。一(yi)般(ban)情況下，應該先(xian)將電(dian)抗器(qi)接(jie)在電(dian)源前面，再將濾波(bo)(bo)器(qi)接(jie)在電(dian)抗器(qi)后面。

原因是電抗器可以防止電路中出現高電壓，從而保護濾波器。如果將濾波器放在電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)前面，濾波器(qi)(qi)可(ke)能會因為過(guo)高的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓而損壞。此外，電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)還可(ke)以(yi)限制電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)上升(sheng)速度，減(jian)輕(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)負載(zai)壓力(li)，從而幫助電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)降低(di)噪聲。