電動車充(chong)電器(qi)的原理介紹(shao) 電動車充(chong)電器(qi)的分(fen)類

用有、無工頻（50赫茲）變壓器區分，可分為兩大類。貨運三輪充電器一般使用帶工頻變壓器的充電機，體積大、重量大，費電，但是可靠，便宜；電動自行車和電摩則使用所謂開關電源式充電器，省電，效率高，但(dan)是易(yi)壞。

開關電源式充電器的正確操作是：充電時，先插電池，后加市電；充足后，先切斷市電，后拔電池插頭。如果在充電時先拔電池插頭，特別是充電電流大（紅燈）時，非常容易損壞充電器。

常用的開關電源式(shi)充(chong)電器又分半橋(qiao)式(shi)和單(dan)激式(shi)兩(liang)大類，單(dan)激類又分為正激式(shi)和反激式(shi)兩(liang)類。半橋(qiao)式(shi)成本(ben)高，性能好，常用于帶負脈(mo)沖的充(chong)電器；單(dan)激式(shi)成本(ben)低，市場占(zhan)有(you)率高。

關于負脈沖充電器

根據麥斯(si)先生的(de)三定律制作成功了(le)多種品牌(pai)的(de)快速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環過程是：大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)脈沖(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→切斷(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)路(lu)(lu)→對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)短(duan)(duan)(duan)暫放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→停(ting)止放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→接(jie)通(tong)(tong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)路(lu)(lu)→大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)脈沖(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)……這一原理用(yong)到(dao)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中，不切斷(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)路(lu)(lu)，用(yong)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)瞬間，進行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)時(shi)由于不切斷(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)路(lu)(lu)，在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)路(lu)(lu)中串連了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感。一般在1秒(miao)內(nei)短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)3－5毫秒(miao)（1秒(miao)＝1000毫秒(miao)），由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感里的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不能跳變，短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)時(shi)間短(duan)(duan)(duan)促，可(ke)以保護充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源轉換部分。如(ru)果把充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)方(fang)向叫正，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)自然為負了(le)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車業就出現了(le)名詞“負脈沖(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)”，而且稱可(ke)以延(yan)長(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命等(deng)等(deng)。

關于三段式充電器

近(jin)幾年，電動(dong)車普(pu)遍使用了所謂三(san)段(duan)(duan)式充電器，第(di)一(yi)個(ge)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)叫恒流階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)，第(di)二(er)個(ge)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)叫恒壓階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)，第(di)三(san)個(ge)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)叫涓流階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)。大多數(shu)充電器第(di)一(yi)、二(er)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)是(shi)紅燈，第(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)變綠燈。

買新充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)要(yao)檢(jian)查三段(duan)式(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的三個重要(yao)參數(shu)，一般可以自己測得(de)第三階段(duan)的低(di)恒壓值。方(fang)法是(shi)，不接電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，給(gei)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)加(jia)市(shi)電(dian)(dian)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)數(shu)字(zi)萬用(yong)(yong)(yong)表的200V直流電(dian)(dian)壓檔測充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的輸出電(dian)(dian)壓。另兩個參數(shu)高恒壓值和(he)轉折電(dian)(dian)流一般需要(yao)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)工具(ju)才能測得(de)。

充電方法：

1、變綠燈后再(zai)接著充(chong)2－3小時。

2、原則是淺放（電）勤(qin)充(chong)(chong)（電），就是騎行(xing)不(bu)足(zu)夠(gou)遠(yuan)，也要及時充(chong)(chong)電，避免放光再充(chong)(chong)電。

3、長(chang)期(qi)不騎(qi)，要定期(qi)（2－3個(ge)月）充電(dian)一次。

4、長(chang)(chang)期淺放(fang)的電池(chi)，3個月左右，作一次深(shen)放(fang)電，就是所(suo)謂放(fang)光再充電，有利于電池(chi)深(shen)部的長(chang)(chang)期不(bu)動的物質的活化。放(fang)光的意思是，騎到(dao)控制器電池(chi)欠壓保護動作為止。

需要提醒幾點：

1、一般新電池(chi)投(tou)入使用8－10個月后，要對電池(chi)進(jin)行檢查和維護(hu)。

2、一般名(ming)牌車配(pei)套的(de)(de)充(chong)電器是經(jing)過篩(shai)選的(de)(de)，通常不用測試(shi)，但(dan)是單獨到市場上采購的(de)(de)非配(pei)套充(chong)電器，一定(ding)要進行前述三個(ge)參數(shu)的(de)(de)測試(shi)。

3、有一種不帶(dai)工頻(pin)變壓(ya)器的可控硅充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，直(zhi)接整流(liu)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)可到30A，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)12V－80V可調，未徹底切斷市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)，千(qian)萬不要(yao)摸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，貨(huo)運三輪使用這類充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的客(ke)戶特(te)別要(yao)注意(yi)安全。