電(dian)動(dong)車充電(dian)器的原理介紹(shao) 電(dian)動(dong)車充電(dian)器的分類(lei)

用有、無工頻（50赫茲）變壓器區分，可分為兩大類。貨運三輪充電器一般使用帶工頻變壓器的充電機，體積大、重量大，費電，但是可靠，便宜；電動自行車和電摩則使用所謂開關電源式充電器，省(sheng)電，效(xiao)率高，但是易壞(huai)。

開關電源式充電器的正確操作是：充電時，先插電池，后加市電；充足后，先切斷市電，后拔電池插頭。如果在充電時先拔電池插頭，特別是充電電流大（紅燈）時，非常容易損壞充電器。

常用的(de)開關電源式(shi)(shi)充(chong)電器又分(fen)半(ban)橋式(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)單激(ji)式(shi)(shi)兩大類，單激(ji)類又分(fen)為正激(ji)式(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)反激(ji)式(shi)(shi)兩類。半(ban)橋式(shi)(shi)成本高(gao)，性(xing)能好，常用于帶負脈沖的(de)充(chong)電器；單激(ji)式(shi)(shi)成本低，市場占有率高(gao)。

關于負脈沖充電器

根據麥斯先生的(de)三定(ding)律制作成功了(le)多種品牌的(de)快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環過(guo)程是：大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→切斷(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)路(lu)→對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)短(duan)暫放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→停止(zhi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→接通(tong)(tong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)路(lu)→大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)……這(zhe)一原理(li)用到了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)中(zhong)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中(zhong)，不切斷(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)路(lu)，用小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)短(duan)路(lu)瞬間(jian)，進(jin)行(xing)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。短(duan)路(lu)時(shi)由(you)于(yu)不切斷(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)路(lu)，在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)路(lu)中(zhong)串(chuan)連了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)。一般(ban)在(zai)(zai)1秒(miao)內短(duan)路(lu)3－5毫秒(miao)（1秒(miao)＝1000毫秒(miao)），由(you)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)里的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不能跳變(bian)，短(duan)路(lu)時(shi)間(jian)短(duan)促(cu)，可以保護充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源轉換部分。如果把充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)方向叫正，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)自(zi)然為負(fu)了(le)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車業就(jiu)出現(xian)了(le)名詞“負(fu)脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)”，而且稱可以延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命等等。

關于三段式充電器

近幾年(nian)，電動車普遍使用了(le)所謂(wei)三段(duan)(duan)(duan)式(shi)充(chong)電器(qi)(qi)，第(di)一個階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫恒(heng)流階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)二(er)(er)個階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫恒(heng)壓(ya)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)三個階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫涓(juan)流階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)。大多數(shu)充(chong)電器(qi)(qi)第(di)一、二(er)(er)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)是紅(hong)燈(deng)，第(di)三階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)變(bian)綠燈(deng)。

買(mai)新充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器要(yao)檢查(cha)三段式充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的三個重要(yao)參數(shu)，一般(ban)可以自己測(ce)得第三階段的低恒(heng)壓(ya)值。方法是，不接電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，給充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器加市(shi)電(dian)(dian)，用(yong)數(shu)字萬(wan)用(yong)表的200V直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檔(dang)測(ce)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。另兩個參數(shu)高恒(heng)壓(ya)值和轉折(zhe)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)一般(ban)需要(yao)專用(yong)工具才能測(ce)得。

充電方法：

1、變綠燈后再接(jie)著(zhu)充2－3小(xiao)時(shi)。

2、原則(ze)是淺放（電(dian)(dian)）勤充（電(dian)(dian)），就是騎(qi)行不足夠(gou)遠(yuan)，也要及(ji)時充電(dian)(dian)，避(bi)免放光再充電(dian)(dian)。

3、長(chang)期不騎，要定期（2－3個月）充電一(yi)次。

4、長期淺放(fang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池，3個月左(zuo)右(you)，作一次(ci)深(shen)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)，就(jiu)是(shi)所(suo)謂放(fang)光再充電(dian)(dian)，有(you)利于電(dian)(dian)池深(shen)部的(de)長期不動(dong)的(de)物質(zhi)的(de)活化。放(fang)光的(de)意思是(shi)，騎(qi)到控制器(qi)電(dian)(dian)池欠壓保護動(dong)作為(wei)止。

需要提醒幾點：

1、一般新(xin)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)投(tou)入使用8－10個(ge)月后，要對電(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行檢查和(he)維護。

2、一般(ban)名(ming)牌車配(pei)套的(de)(de)充(chong)電器是經過篩選的(de)(de)，通常(chang)不用測(ce)(ce)試，但是單獨到(dao)市場上采購的(de)(de)非配(pei)套充(chong)電器，一定要(yao)進行前述三(san)個參數的(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)試。

3、有一(yi)種不帶工(gong)頻變壓器的可控硅充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，直接整流(liu)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)可到30A，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓12V－80V可調，未(wei)徹底切斷市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前，千萬不要(yao)摸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，貨運三輪使用(yong)這(zhe)類(lei)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的客戶特別要(yao)注意安全。