1、發動機效率:電動機的效率比汽(qi)油機高
電動機的電能來源同樣是化石燃料,一款汽車是否節能,其實是在談論它的發動機效率,將燃料/能(neng)量來源轉(zhuan)換成機(ji)械能(neng)的(de)效率。汽、柴油機(ji)理論最高效率50%,實際只(zhi)有30-40%,電動機理論最高效率88%,實際(ji)使用效率超過60%。
2、行駛效率:在城(cheng)市道路行駛中,電動汽(qi)車效率(lv)更有(you)優勢
電動(dong)汽(qi)車是速(su)度越(yue)低越(yue)省電,基本符(fu)合能耗趨勢,大部分(fen)汽(qi)、柴油車的(de)經濟時速在60-100公里之間(jian)。
3、能量轉換:電(dian)(dian)動車電(dian)(dian)池得到的電(dian)(dian)能經多(duo)次(ci)轉換,更(geng)不節能?
汽(qi)、柴油車和(he)(he)電動汽(qi)車,所用的(de)能源形態,都是從油井(jing)經歷(li)復(fu)雜的(de)轉換和(he)(he)傳輸過程,不(bu)能簡單(dan)判(pan)斷哪個更環保。
4、性能油耗:高性能和普通性能電動汽車油耗沒有顯著差異
為了維持超大排量發動機的氣缸運轉,高性能跑車即使在低負荷運行條件下也肯定比小排量汽車損耗的燃油多許多。電(dian)(dian)動機具(ju)有“需(xu)要多少電(dian)(dian)力就(jiu)輸(shu)出多少功率”的特(te)點(dian),無論是高性能電(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)還是家(jia)用電(dian)(dian)動汽車(che),它們在低(di)負荷運行下耗電(dian)(dian)量不會有明(ming)顯差異。
總結:純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)(che)目前(qian)還有(you)續航里程偏短、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間長(chang)等(deng)弊端,目前(qian)大部(bu)分國(guo)家(jia)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設施都不完(wan)善(shan),一(yi)旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力耗(hao)盡會很尷尬(ga)。而(er)插(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)式混合(he)動力車(che)(che)在(zai)(zai)短距離行駛,如上下班時,其100公里左右的(de)(de)純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動模式續航里程已經足夠(gou)。而(er)在(zai)(zai)長(chang)途旅行等(deng)必要情況下,還可以繼續使用汽(qi)油。因此插(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)式混動車(che)(che)在(zai)(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備完(wan)善(shan)前(qian)是一(yi)種(zhong)良好的(de)(de)過渡車(che)(che)型。另外電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)(che)雖(sui)然節能,但要做到(dao)更環(huan)(huan)保(bao),需要更高(gao)效低(di)污(wu)染的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)技術。目前(qian)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量更高(gao)、對(dui)環(huan)(huan)境影響更小的(de)(de)鋰空氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和鎂(mei)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)都在(zai)(zai)研(yan)發中,未來如果(guo)有(you)所突(tu)破(po),無疑能讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)(che)更加環(huan)(huan)保(bao)。