芒果视频

伺服電機行業簡介

一、伺服電機的工作原理

伺服電機是常用電機的一種，它是一種絕對服從控制信號指揮的電機，設計用于精確定位而不是可控速。伺服電機一般由定子和轉子構成，定子上有兩個繞組，即勵磁繞組和控制繞組，兩個繞組在空間相差90°電角度，內部的電流、角度、偏心度等信號，通過一根電纜連接于伺服器，伺服器以此來修正對伺服電機的驅動信號。由于服電機本身具備發出脈沖的功能，伺服主要靠脈沖來定位，伺服電機每旋轉一個角度，都會發出對應數量的脈沖，這樣，和伺服電機接受的脈沖形成了呼應，或者叫閉環，如此一來，系統就會知道發了多少脈沖給伺服電機，同時又收了多少脈沖回來，這樣，就能夠很精確的控制電機的轉動，從而實現精確的定位，可以達到0.001mm。如果您需要購買伺服電機，可以先來了解一下伺服電機十大品牌。

二、伺服電機驅動器的作用和功能

伺(si)(si)服電(dian)(dian)(dian)機驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)器，簡稱伺(si)(si)服驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)器，屬于伺(si)(si)服系統(tong)的一部分，主要應用于高精度的定位系統(tong)，是用來控(kong)制(zhi)伺(si)(si)服電(dian)(dian)(dian)機的一種控(kong)制(zhi)器，它(ta)的功(gong)(gong)能細(xi)分的話有很多種，包(bao)括(kuo)：1、參數分組化(hua)設置、控(kong)制(zhi)模式再(zai)線(xian)任意切換。2、控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)交(jiao)流輸入、可(ke)設置的寬電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓輸入。3、瞬間掉(diao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)快速停機保護功(gong)(gong)能。4、再(zai)生制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)、動(dong)(dong)態制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)功(gong)(gong)能。5、絕(jue)對值系統(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓監(jian)控(kong)，低壓警告(gao)功(gong)(gong)能。6、調(diao)試(shi)軟(ruan)件支持參數管理、監(jian)控(kong)、示(shi)波(bo)器功(gong)(gong)能。

三、伺服電機控制方式的三種基本形式

伺服電(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)主要有三種，分(fen)別是(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)速(su)(su)(su)度模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)：1、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)是(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)外(wai)部模(mo)(mo)(mo)擬(ni)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸入或直(zhi)接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)址的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)賦(fu)值(zhi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)設(she)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)機軸對外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小，可(ke)以(yi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)即時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改變模(mo)(mo)(mo)擬(ni)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)定(ding)來(lai)(lai)(lai)改變設(she)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)矩大小，也(ye)可(ke)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)訊(xun)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)改變對應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)址的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數值(zhi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)實現。2、位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)一般是(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)外(wai)部輸入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脈(mo)沖(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頻率來(lai)(lai)(lai)確定(ding)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動速(su)(su)(su)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小，通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)脈(mo)沖(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)個數來(lai)(lai)(lai)確定(ding)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角度，也(ye)有些伺服可(ke)以(yi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)訊(xun)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)直(zhi)接對速(su)(su)(su)度和(he)位(wei)(wei)(wei)移進行賦(fu)值(zhi)。3、速(su)(su)(su)度模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)：通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)模(mo)(mo)(mo)擬(ni)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸入或脈(mo)沖(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頻率都可(ke)以(yi)進行轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動速(su)(su)(su)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，在(zai)有上(shang)位(wei)(wei)(wei)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)環PID控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)速(su)(su)(su)度模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)進行定(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)，但(dan)必須把電(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)信號(hao)或直(zhi)接負(fu)載的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)信號(hao)給(gei)上(shang)位(wei)(wei)(wei)反(fan)饋以(yi)做運算用。

四、伺服電機和步進電機的區別

步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和伺(si)服(fu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)都是電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，兩種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)比較(jiao)起來有一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)區(qu)別(bie)：1、控(kong)制(zhi)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)：伺(si)服(fu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)由電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)軸后端的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)編碼器(qi)保證，是步(bu)距角為1.8°的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脈沖(chong)當量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1/655。2、低頻(pin)(pin)(pin)特(te)性(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)：步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)低速(su)(su)時(shi)易出(chu)(chu)(chu)現低頻(pin)(pin)(pin)振(zhen)動(dong)現象(xiang)(xiang)，振(zhen)動(dong)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率與負載(zai)情況和驅動(dong)器(qi)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)有關；伺(si)服(fu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)轉(zhuan)非常平穩(wen)，即使在(zai)(zai)低速(su)(su)時(shi)也不(bu)(bu)(bu)會出(chu)(chu)(chu)現振(zhen)動(dong)現象(xiang)(xiang)。3、矩(ju)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)特(te)性(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)：步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)力(li)矩(ju)隨(sui)轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)升高(gao)而下(xia)降，且在(zai)(zai)較(jiao)高(gao)轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)時(shi)會急劇下(xia)降；伺(si)服(fu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)為恒(heng)力(li)矩(ju)輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)，在(zai)(zai)額(e)定轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)內都能(neng)(neng)輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)額(e)定轉(zhuan)矩(ju)。4、過(guo)載(zai)能(neng)(neng)力(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)：步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)(yi)般不(bu)(bu)(bu)具(ju)有過(guo)載(zai)能(neng)(neng)力(li)，伺(si)服(fu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)具(ju)有較(jiao)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)載(zai)能(neng)(neng)力(li)，具(ju)有速(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)過(guo)載(zai)和轉(zhuan)矩(ju)過(guo)載(zai)功能(neng)(neng)。5、運(yun)行性(xing)能(neng)(neng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)：步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)為開環控(kong)制(zhi)，啟動(dong)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率過(guo)高(gao)或負載(zai)過(guo)大易出(chu)(chu)(chu)現丟步(bu)或堵轉(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象(xiang)(xiang)，停止(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)過(guo)高(gao)易出(chu)(chu)(chu)現過(guo)沖(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象(xiang)(xiang)；伺(si)服(fu)驅動(dong)系統為閉(bi)環控(kong)制(zhi)，一(yi)(yi)般不(bu)(bu)(bu)會出(chu)(chu)(chu)現步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)丟步(bu)或過(guo)沖(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象(xiang)(xiang)，控(kong)制(zhi)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)更為可靠。6、速(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)響應性(xing)能(neng)(neng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong) 步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)從靜(jing)(jing)止(zhi)(zhi)加(jia)(jia)速(su)(su)到工(gong)作轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)（一(yi)(yi)般為每分鐘幾(ji)百轉(zhuan)）需(xu)要200～400毫秒(miao)(miao)；伺(si)服(fu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)速(su)(su)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)較(jiao)好，從靜(jing)(jing)止(zhi)(zhi)加(jia)(jia)速(su)(su)到其(qi)額(e)定轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)3000RPM僅(jin)需(xu)幾(ji)毫秒(miao)(miao)。