黑龍潭公園由古建筑群和“龍泉探梅”兩大景區組成。清人碩慶題聯“兩樹梅花一潭水,四時煙雨半山云”,正是公園景觀特色的寫照。龍(long)潭分(fen)前后兩(liang)池(chi),中(zhong)以(yi)一(yi)橋相(xiang)隔(ge),一(yi)泉水(shui)(shui)清,一(yi)泉水(shui)(shui)渾(hun),似道(dao)家(jia)所(suo)說陰(yin)陽各半的(de)“太級圖”。兩(liang)泉水(shui)(shui)相(xiang)連,但(dan)兩(liang)泉的(de)魚卻互不(bu)越潭,形成“兩(liang)水(shui)(shui)相(xiang)交(jiao),魚不(bu)往(wang)來”的(de)奇異(yi)景觀。古(gu)建筑群繞潭而(er)建,下觀即黑龍(long)宮(gong),始建于明(ming)洪(hong)武(wu)二十(shi)七年(1394年),供奉著(zhu)龍(long)王、水(shui)(shui)族等(deng)塑像(xiang),傳說為(wei)興云(yun)降(jiang)雨之神(shen)。隱于綠蔭(yin)深處依(yi)山而(er)建的(de)為(wei)上觀龍(long)泉觀,即“漢黑水(shui)(shui)祠(ci)”。觀中(zhong)植有(you)被(bei)郭沫若為(wei)“三異(yi)木”的(de)唐梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)、宋柏(bo)、明(ming)茶,以(yi)及元杉(shan)、清玉蘭(lan)等(deng),明(ming)清時期梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花均匯(hui)于此(ci),故至今古(gu)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)薈萃,正如(ru)阮元所(suo)道(dao):“千(qian)歲(sui)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花千(qian)尺潭,春風(feng)先到彩云(yun)南。”與古(gu)建筑相(xiang)接的(de)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)——“龍(long)泉探(tan)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)”為(wei)昆(kun)明(ming)新十(shi)六景之一(yi),是(shi)西南地(di)區最大的(de)賞梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)勝地(di)和(he)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花研究(jiu)基地(di)。園(yuan)內(nei)薈萃了數千(qian)株梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)樹(shu)、梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)樁及百年古(gu)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei);有(you)濃郁云(yun)南地(di)方民族建筑特色的(de)亭、臺(tai)、樓、榭(xie)散布其(qi)間,漾溢著(zhu)中(zhong)國梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)文化的(de)無言之美與沉靜幽思的(de)情(qing)趣(qu)。園(yuan)內(nei)保留有(you)凸字(zi)碑(bei)(bei)、唐梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)碑(bei)(bei)、宋柏(bo)碑(bei)(bei)等(deng)歷代著(zhu)名碑(bei)(bei)刻,以(yi)及明(ming)忠義(yi)公薛爾望墓和(he)祠(ci)堂遺址。
緊靠(kao)龍(long)潭邊的古建筑群(qun)即"黑(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)宮(gong)",俗稱為下觀,始建于明(ming)洪(hong)武二十(shi)七年(1394年),明(ming)景泰四年(1454年)世(shi)襲黔(qian)國公沐(mu)氏,重修黑(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)宮(gong)。黑(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)宮(gong)三進四院,綠樹森森,古樸幽雅(ya),正(zheng)殿(dian)供龍(long)王(wang),配殿(dian)供水族等塑像(xiang)。1966年,"文化大(da)革命"中,塑像(xiang)全毀(hui)。龍(long)宮(gong)正(zheng)殿(dian)墻(qiang)上鑲有清(qing)康(kang)熙年間云貴總督范承勛(xun)游(you)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)潭題詠碑記(ji)。2000年11月3日黑(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)潭清(qing)水池有大(da)量金(jin)線(xian)魚游(you)出(chu),昆明(ming)新聞媒體作(zuo)了報(bao)道(dao),引起社會廣泛關注(zhu)。黑(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)宮(gong)已恢復為古跡游(you)覽區(qu)。
上(shang)觀(guan)(guan)又(you)稱龍(long)泉觀(guan)(guan)。龍(long)泉觀(guan)(guan)山(shan)門(men)拱門(men)牌坊,上(shang)書"紫極(ji)玄都"。黑(hei)龍(long)潭上(shang)觀(guan)(guan)分為雷神殿(dian)、北極(ji)殿(dian)、玉皇殿(dian)、三清殿(dian)和(he)長春(chun)真(zhen)人、通(tong)妙真(zhen)人祠(ci)(ci)等5進13所(suo)大小院落(luo),整個(ge)建筑群順山(shan)勢由南向(xiang)北層(ceng)(ceng)層(ceng)(ceng)升高。第(di)一層(ceng)(ceng)紫極(ji)玄都山(shan)門(men),第(di)二層(ceng)(ceng)雷神殿(dian),第(di)三層(ceng)(ceng)北極(ji)殿(dian)(現(xian)為祖師殿(dian),側面為斗姆閣),第(di)四層(ceng)(ceng)玉皇殿(dian),第(di)五(wu)層(ceng)(ceng)三清殿(dian),重重殿(dian)宇(yu)有(you)配殿(dian)和(he)廂房。天師殿(dian)、三豐殿(dian)、長春(chun)真(zhen)人祠(ci)(ci)、通(tong)妙真(zhen)人祠(ci)(ci)、休偃、庖房宇(yu),均南北排列(lie)。
雷(lei)神殿前通(tong)道兩(liang)側,有(you)兩(liang)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)植于元代的(de)(de)(de)(de)孔雀杉,東(dong)面一(yi)(yi)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)尤為繁茂,樹高26米(mi)(mi)(mi),胸(xiong)徑1米(mi)(mi)(mi),西面一(yi)(yi)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)于1979年遭(zao)雷(lei)擊后已枯(ku)萎(wei),現(xian)僅存約 10米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樹身及新發的(de)(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)干。甬(yong)道兩(liang)側近"紫極玄(xuan)都"牌(pai)坊的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)是奇異的(de)(de)(de)(de)扭(niu)柏(bo)樹,一(yi)(yi)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)左扭(niu),一(yi)(yi)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)右扭(niu),俗稱"左扭(niu)柏(bo)和右扭(niu)柏(bo)",兩(liang)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)柏(bo)樹胸(xiong)徑均(jun)在1米(mi)(mi)(mi)以上,右側一(yi)(yi)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)于1984年被雪壓倒折斷,僅剩(sheng)6米(mi)(mi)(mi)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)枯(ku)樹樁。碑亭東(dong)面,有(you)一(yi)(yi)梅(mei)園,俗稱東(dong)花(hua)園。白梅(mei)、紅梅(mei)、綠梅(mei)及臘(la)梅(mei)等多個品種,梅(mei)樹老態(tai)龍鐘,枝(zhi)干橫蜷,都是百年的(de)(de)(de)(de)古梅(mei),冬(dong)末春初幽香一(yi)(yi)園。
唐(tang)(tang)開元天寶(bao)年(nian)(nian)間,道安和(he)尚由大理羅筌寺(si)云(yun)(yun)游昆明(ming),手(shou)植兩株(zhu)梅(mei)花。到清嘉慶年(nian)(nian)間,兩株(zhu)古梅(mei)"樹身腐(fu)爛,中若玲瓏(long),旁發柔枝",1923年(nian)(nian)兩株(zhu)唐(tang)(tang)梅(mei)自然(ran)死(si)去,現留下一株(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)四分之一支干,雖經(jing)千年(nian)(nian)風(feng)霜,仍然(ran)枝干虬結蒼勁,蜿(wan)蜒橫陳,臥如龍眠。現存(cun)唐(tang)(tang)梅(mei),為唐(tang)(tang)梅(mei)支干上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)"旁發柔枝"。這株(zhu)歷經(jing)千歲(sui)風(feng)雪(xue)的(de)(de)(de)奇花,千百年(nian)(nian)來為人們贊不(bu)絕(jue)口。清道光年(nian)(nian)間阮元的(de)(de)(de)《詠梅(mei)詩》:"千歲(sui)梅(mei)花千尺潭(tan),春(chun)風(feng)先到彩云(yun)(yun)南。香吹(chui)蒙鳳龜(gui)茲笛,影伴天龍石佛龕。玉斧曾(ceng)遭云(yun)(yun)外劃,驪(li)珠常向水中探(tan)。只(zhi)嗟李(li)杜無題句(ju),不(bu)與逋仙季迪談。"既寫(xie)黑(hei)龍潭(tan)的(de)(de)(de)千歲(sui)梅(mei)花,千尺龍潭(tan),又敘云(yun)(yun)南歷史,對春(chun)風(feng)先到的(de)(de)(de)彩云(yun)(yun)之南,充滿贊譽之情(qing)。
位于北極(ji)殿前,高(gao)28米(mi)(mi),胸(xiong)徑1.4米(mi)(mi)。古根(gen)盤結,枝(zhi)葉茂密。此外,玉皇殿前還有一株宋柏(bo),高(gao)25米(mi)(mi),胸(xiong)徑1.25米(mi)(mi),高(gao)聳云霄,枝(zhi)葉繁茂。
植于明代,品種為早(zao)桃紅(hong),至今(jin)已(yi)有四百(bai)多年的(de)歷史,樹高8米,胸徑0.25米,每(mei)逢歲(sui)寒(han),其它茶花尚含(han)苞欲放(fang),這株早(zao)桃紅(hong)已(yi)千朵盛開,十分(fen)艷麗。
上觀(guan)(guan)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)內,保存(cun)著歷代(dai)大量珍貴(gui)的碑(bei)(bei)(bei)碣,除唐(tang)梅(mei)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)、凸字碑(bei)(bei)(bei)外,還有(you)宋柏碑(bei)(bei)(bei)、張三豐(feng)畫(hua)像碑(bei)(bei)(bei)、阮元詩碑(bei)(bei)(bei)、黑龍(long)(long)(long)潭全景圖(tu)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)及歷代(dai)興修黑龍(long)(long)(long)潭碑(bei)(bei)(bei)記(ji)。在黑龍(long)(long)(long)宮前兩(liang)院側墻(qiang)還鑲嵌有(you):道光元年(nian)(nian)《重(zhong)(zhong)修黑龍(long)(long)(long)宮碑(bei)(bei)(bei)記(ji)》、嘉慶三年(nian)(nian)《示永禁派累碑(bei)(bei)(bei)記(ji)》、康熙庚午年(nian)(nian)沈陽范承勛游黑龍(long)(long)(long)潭的碑(bei)(bei)(bei)記(ji)。黑龍(long)(long)(long)潭下(xia)觀(guan)(guan)黑龍(long)(long)(long)宮與上觀(guan)(guan)龍(long)(long)(long)泉(quan)觀(guan)(guan),1961年(nian)(nian)昆明(ming)市人民(min)委員會公布為市級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點文物(wu)保護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)。1993年(nian)(nian)11月(yue)云南省人民(min)政(zheng)府公布為省級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點文物(wu)保護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)。
梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)景(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)上觀古建(jian)(jian)筑的(de)(de)北面(mian),東臨三清殿,西(xi)至龍泉(quan)路(lu),南接桂(gui)花(hua)(hua)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),北抵杜鵑谷。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)始建(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)1991年9月,先后(hou)(hou)進行三期工(gong)(gong)程建(jian)(jian)設,于(yu)(yu)1993年底竣工(gong)(gong),總投資450萬元(yuan)。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)總面(mian)積28.5公頃(qing),種(zhong)植(zhi)地(di)栽梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)28個(ge)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong),1700株(zhu),培植(zhi)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)樁(zhuang)2000多(duo)株(zhu)。1994年元(yuan)旦(dan)正式對外開放(fang),命(ming)名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)"龍泉(quan)探梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)",為(wei)(wei)(wei)昆(kun)明新十六景(jing)之一(yi)。"龍泉(quan)探梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)"分為(wei)(wei)(wei)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)盆景(jing)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)景(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、果(guo)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)和賞(shang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)4個(ge)景(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)盆景(jing)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)景(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu):又稱梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)藝(yi)景(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu),園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)入口處立有(you)高4米,寬1.6米由4塊青(qing)石壘疊(die)而成的(de)(de)"梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)韻"石碑,園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)門為(wei)(wei)(wei)青(qing)綠色(se)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林建(jian)(jian)筑牌(pai)坊。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)有(you)毛澤(ze)東《沁(qin)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)春.詠梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)》詩牌(pai),展(zhan)出有(you)數百盆珍稀(xi)古梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)盆景(jing)。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)建(jian)(jian)有(you)"文(wen)化齋(zhai)"閣(ge)廊。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)區(qu)(qu)(qu),位(wei)于(yu)(yu)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)山腰,上連紅楓林,下接藝(yi)景(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu),園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)匯聚(ju)全國梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)珍稀(xi)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)12個(ge),優良品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)70個(ge)。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)建(jian)(jian)有(you)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)展(zhan)廳、接待室(shi)和爬(pa)山廊。賞(shang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)區(qu)(qu)(qu),位(wei)于(yu)(yu)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)西(xi)北側,至公園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)后(hou)(hou)大門。賞(shang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)依山傍水,有(you)水榭亭廊及噴泉(quan)。花(hua)(hua)開時節(jie),入園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)賞(shang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei),有(you)"且喜東湖春來到,紅梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)萬樹一(yi)齊開"的(de)(de)景(jing)觀特色(se)。果(guo)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)景(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu),匯集了滇中、滇西(xi)、滇南果(guo)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)樹2000多(duo)株(zhu),分片(pian)栽種(zhong),果(guo)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)素(su)潔芳香,花(hua)(hua)期早,花(hua)(hua)開時雪梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)香濤,令人浮想聯翩。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)四周遍植(zhi)松、竹配景(jing),把梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)的(de)(de)風骨,松的(de)(de)堅貞,竹的(de)(de)氣節(jie)融于(yu)(yu)一(yi)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中,形成"歲寒(han)三友"景(jing)觀。
1997年為迎接"香港回(hui)(hui)歸",黑龍潭(tan)風景(jing)名勝區營造了"迎香港回(hui)(hui)歸紀念林(lin)"。林(lin)區占地(di)2公頃,共種植紅(hong)(hong)楓樹2000余株,立(li)了石刻紀念碑(bei)。每(mei)逢深秋,半山紅(hong)(hong)葉隨(sui)風搖(yao)曳,滿(man)山映紅(hong)(hong)。
杜(du)鵑谷(gu)緊連果梅區,位于"龍泉探梅"北面(mian)的山谷(gu)中(zhong),占地(di)8公(gong)頃,種植杜(du)鵑10萬多株,清明前后,滿(man)山滿(man)溝杜(du)鵑爭(zheng)奇(qi)斗艷,呈現花海景觀。
龍(long)泉(quan)山有(you)環(huan)山游路至定(ding)風(feng)(feng)塔(ta)(ta),塔(ta)(ta)高(gao)13米,為七層(ceng)八角密檐實心塔(ta)(ta)。定(ding)風(feng)(feng)塔(ta)(ta)又名(ming)(ming)文(wen)筆塔(ta)(ta)。定(ding)風(feng)(feng)塔(ta)(ta)始(shi)建于明(ming)代,清咸豐二年(nian)(nian)(1852年(nian)(nian))重(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)過。七級塔(ta)(ta)身白(bai)云石壘(lei)砌,雕鑿精細,造型端莊,塔(ta)(ta)上刻道(dao)教四方神名(ming)(ming),還刻有(you)《重(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)五老山定(ding)風(feng)(feng)塔(ta)(ta)記(ji)》及道(dao)教《玉皇(huang)心印妙(miao)經(jing)》等。按重(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)碑(bei)文(wen)載,重(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)是為使龍(long)泉(quan)觀(guan)道(dao)院更加壯觀(guan),"培風(feng)(feng)脈于名(ming)(ming)山"意為龍(long)泉(quan)觀(guan)的風(feng)(feng)水塔(ta)(ta)。1993年(nian)(nian)重(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)定(ding)風(feng)(feng)塔(ta)(ta)。
龍泉山東山嘴(zui)半坡上,松柏叢中(zhong),為(wei)王德三(san)(san)、吳澄、馬(ma)登云三(san)(san)烈士(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu),建于(yu)1984年。是云南省重(zhong)點文(wen)物保護單位。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)園座北向(xiang)南,建有休息亭。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)地兩側(ce)安裝石欄,四周廣植松柏。三(san)(san)烈士(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)后(hou)是王復(fu)生、張(zhang)舫烈士(shi)(shi)的墓(mu)(mu)(mu)地。
在昆明市內,可(ke)乘9、79、128、249路公交車可(ke)直達(da)公園。
公園屬(shu)于低緯度高(gao)原山地季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)候(hou),由于受印度洋西南暖濕氣(qi)流的影響,日(ri)照長、霜(shuang)期(qi)短、年平均氣(qi)溫(wen)15℃。氣(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)和,夏無酷暑(shu),冬不嚴寒,四季(ji)如春,氣(qi)侯宜(yi)人(ren)。