昆明(ming)(ming)太和(he)宮(gong),在云南(nan)省(sheng)昆明(ming)(ming)市城東15里處(chu)的鳴鳳(feng)山(shan)(shan)(又稱(cheng)鸚鵡山(shan)(shan))。創建(jian)于明(ming)(ming)萬歷三十年(1602)。云南(nan)巡撫(fu)陳(chen)用賓命人仿湖北武當山(shan)(shan)太和(he)宮(gong)內的銅殿式樣(yang)鑄造“金殿”供奉真(zhen)武神像(xiang),又于殿外筑磚墻、城樓,宮(gong)門環護,故成太和(he)宮(gong)。
光緒《云南通志》載(zai):咸豐(feng)八年(nian)(1858)毀于兵燹;次年(nian)紳士黃琮、褚(chu)光昌等重(zhong)鑄真武像;同治、光緒年(nian)間有續修。宮(gong)外有三(san)天門(men),喻(yu)三(san)清天;山腳至一天門(men)有七十二(er)級臺(tai)階。喻(yu)七十二(er)地煞(sha);一天門(men)內有三(san)十六級臺(tai)階,喻(yu)三(san)十六天罡。宮(gong)內有欞星(xing)門(men)、金殿(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)神(shen)殿(dian)(dian)、鐘樓(lou)等建筑。鐘樓(lou)內懸(xuan)14噸重(zhong)銅鐘一座(zuo),鑄于永樂(le)二(er)十一年(nian)(1423),高2.1米,口(kou)周長6.7米,聲傳四(si)(si)十里。雷(lei)神(shen)殿(dian)(dian)(現(xian)為陳(chen)列室)內有相傳是真武大(da)帝“伏魔(mo)制(zhi)怪”的(de)(de)七星(xing)寶劍及(ji)平西(xi)王吳三(san)桂使用過的(de)(de)銅制(zhi)大(da)刀,又有馬、趙、溫、岳四(si)(si)元帥及(ji)風(feng)、雨(yu)、雷(lei)、電四(si)(si)神(shen)并龜蛇二(er)將(jiang)塑像。
鳴(ming)鳳山(shan)(shan)俗稱(cheng)“鸚鵡山(shan)(shan)”,這里(li)山(shan)(shan)勢巍峨峻(jun)峭,峰(feng)巒疊(die)翠,“一半(ban)青山(shan)(shan)一半(ban)云”,素有(you)“鳴(ming)鳳勝境(jing)”的稱(cheng)譽。
太和宮金(jin)(jin)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)始(shi)建于(yu)明(ming)(ming)萬(wan)歷(li)三十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(1602年(nian)(nian)),當時的(de)云南巡(xun)撫陳用賓仿照湖(hu)北武(wu)當山太和宮的(de)形式,興建了銅鑄的(de)北極(ji)真武(wu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),供(gong)奉北極(ji)真武(wu)大帝。外圍筑(zhu)有(you)(you)太和宮、紫禁城等。明(ming)(ming)崇禎十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(1637年(nian)(nian)),此殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)被巡(xun)撫張鳳(feng)翮移往大理賓川雞(ji)足山金(jin)(jin)頂寺(si),今已毀棄。現存金(jin)(jin)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為清(qing)康熙十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(1671年(nian)(nian))吳三桂所造,殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)中的(de)橫梁上(shang)鑄有(you)(you)“大清(qing)康熙十(shi)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)西(xi)親王吳三桂室(shi)人王氏敬造”字樣。
太和宮宮城的(de)(de)雉(zhi)蝶、城門、城樓建(jian)筑保存完好,小巧(qiao)精(jing)致。金殿(dian)(dian)矗(chu)立在城中大理石的(de)(de)臺基之上(shang),四(si)周圍以(yi)(yi)(yi)護欄(lan)。殿(dian)(dian)全部以(yi)(yi)(yi)青銅(tong)鑄(zhu)造,斗拱、梁架、藻(zao)井以(yi)(yi)(yi)及外(wai)(wai)檐(yan)的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)都為仿木結構的(de)(de)建(jian)筑形式(shi)(shi),呈方形,長、寬各6.2米,高6.7米,重檐(yan)歇山(shan)式(shi)(shi)。殿(dian)(dian)內(nei)的(de)(de)神像、匾聯、梁柱(zhu)、墻屏、裝(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)皆以(yi)(yi)(yi)銅(tong)鑄(zhu),重約200噸(dun),是(shi)全中國較大的(de)(de)銅(tong)殿(dian)(dian)。門窗用鏤空翮浮雕手(shou)法刻(ke)鑄(zhu)龍(long)鳳紋及錦繡圖案(an);瓦當、滴(di)水都飾(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)云龍(long)紋。殿(dian)(dian)門為六抹格(ge)扇,裙板(ban)雕麒麟、鳳紋、云龍(long)紋等(deng),具有(you)鮮明的(de)(de)地方特(te)色。殿(dian)(dian)旁左右的(de)(de)待亭,以(yi)(yi)(yi)及聳(song)立的(de)(de)旗(qi)桿和日月(yue)七星(xing)旗(qi)等(deng)也是(shi)銅(tong)鑄(zhu)而成的(de)(de),小巧(qiao)玲瓏,刻(ke)工精(jing)致。整座殿(dian)(dian)宇富(fu)麗堂皇,灼灼生輝(hui),光彩奪目,不愧為中國銅(tong)鑄(zhu)藝(yi)術的(de)(de)佳作。殿(dian)(dian)后有(you)一株明代山(shan)茶,高約10米,名(ming)“蝶翅(chi)”, 翅(chi)表茶花怒(nu)放,花紅(hong)似火,格(ge)外(wai)(wai)艷麗。
太和宮(gong)金殿為(wei)研究云南明清(qing)以來冶金鑄造(zao)技術提(ti)供了十(shi)分重要的(de)資料,同時也為(wei)云南清(qing)代木(mu)結構(gou)建筑的(de)造(zao)型和裝飾提(ti)供了可靠的(de)實物保(bao)證。