芒果视频

西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)(guan)話，因主要(yao)流行于(yu)(yu)長江(jiang)上游地區(qu)，亦稱(cheng)上江(jiang)官(guan)(guan)話，屬于(yu)(yu)現代漢語官(guan)(guan)話方言。西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)(guan)話下分(fen)6片(pian)、22小片(pian)，分(fen)布于(yu)(yu)四川、重慶、貴州、云南(nan)、湖(hu)北、廣西(xi)、湖(hu)南(nan)、陜西(xi)、江(jiang)西(xi)、甘肅、廣東(dong)(dong)、海(hai)南(nan)、福建(jian)共(gong)15省市自治區(qu)、600多縣市區(qu)以及東(dong)(dong)南(nan)亞的(de)少部分(fen)地區(qu)。

主要分布(bu)于四川、重慶、貴州、云南、湖北(bei)、廣(guang)西、湖南七省(sheng)和(he)直轄(xia)市(shi)。

《中國語言地(di)圖集》里給出的西南(nan)官話的定義是：西南(nan)地(di)區以及附近(jin)的，入聲整(zheng)體歸派(pai)到(dao)某一聲調或者四聲調值與成(cheng)都、武漢、重慶、常德、貴陽、昆明(ming)、桂林(lin)相近(jin)的漢語方(fang)言。

西南官(guan)話是從明朝開始，因移民(min)西南地區而逐漸形成(cheng)的(de)官(guan)話方言，其(qi)語(yu)音系統在官(guan)話中(zhong)也是最簡單的(de)，除了濁(zhuo)音清化等官(guan)話的(de)共同特點外，西南官(guan)話多數不分(fen)平、翹舌(she)音，是一種帶有(you)過(guo)渡性質的(de)南方官(guan)話。

西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)的使用人數多達(da)2.7億，是(shi)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方言中使用范圍最廣、使用人口最多的方言，一般史(shi)(shi)者(zhe)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)認為(wei)西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)是(shi)江(jiang)淮官(guan)話(hua)(hua)的延(yan)伸，二者(zhe)有淵(yuan)源關系，并(bing)同(tong)屬南(nan)方系官(guan)話(hua)(hua)，因為(wei)西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)的形成(cheng)根據歷(li)史(shi)(shi)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)表(biao)明，是(shi)從明代開始，因移民西(xi)南(nan)而逐漸形成(cheng)的官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方言，移民是(shi)西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)形成(cheng)的主要(yao)因素。

西(xi)南(nan)官話(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)形成(cheng)與(yu)元朝(chao)之后進入中(zhong)國(guo)西(xi)南(nan)地區的(de)(de)(de)移民具有很大關聯，成(cheng)渝片(pian)四(si)川話(hua)(hua)與(yu)湖廣片(pian)武漢話(hua)(hua)音系(xi)產生分(fen)化的(de)(de)(de)年代都至少可(ke)以上溯至明朝(chao)，因而西(xi)南(nan)官話(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)形成(cheng)年代應當(dang)更(geng)早(zao)。

同時有學者認為其可(ke)能(neng)與另一種南方官(guan)話（江淮官(guan)話）同源。西南官(guan)話在詞匯、音韻等(deng)方面與北方官(guan)話相比(bi)都具有顯著差異。部分(fen)方言：福善巖上土話。

發展歷史

西南(nan)(nan)官話(hua)(hua)是(shi)從明(ming)代開始，因移(yi)民西南(nan)(nan)而逐漸形成(cheng)的官話(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)，移(yi)民是(shi)西南(nan)(nan)官話(hua)(hua)形成(cheng)的主要因素。一(yi)般認為西南(nan)(nan)官話(hua)(hua)是(shi)江淮(huai)官話(hua)(hua)的延伸(shen)，二者有淵源(yuan)關系(xi)(xi)，并同屬南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)系(xi)(xi)官話(hua)(hua)，但學(xue)界對(dui)此說(shuo)法持(chi)謹慎觀點。

漢(han)族(zu)移民西(xi)南(nan)，四(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)屬較(jiao)早的(de)地區之一(yi)。四(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)古(gu)為(wei)(wei)巴蜀之地，土地肥沃，地理偏(pian)安，漢(han)族(zu)最早在秦統一(yi)巴蜀之后（約公元前301年）就已遷(qian)入此地。從秦至宋(song)歷代(dai)，均有漢(han)人(ren)(ren)因躲避戰(zhan)亂(luan)、天災而遷(qian)入四(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)。如唐(tang)末黃巢起(qi)義。漢(han)族(zu)遷(qian)入四(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)的(de)線(xian)路主(zhu)要是越過秦嶺移進，故移民的(de)主(zhu)體為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)原漢(han)人(ren)(ren)（以甘陜為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)），當時(shi)的(de)西(xi)南(nan)方(fang)言(yan)以北方(fang)官話(hua)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。

明清是漢族大(da)規模移民西南的重要時期(qi)，西南官話在(zai)這段時期(qi)中，通過方言間(jian)的不斷影響、融(rong)合(he)而逐步形(xing)成(cheng)。元(yuan)末明初，湖(hu)廣一(yi)帶是元(yuan)朝軍(jun)隊與紅巾軍(jun)、朱元(yuan)璋廝殺拉鋸的主戰(zhan)(zhan)場之(zhi)一(yi)，戰(zhan)(zhan)亂使得(de)當地人口急劇減(jian)少，造成(cheng)人口從西北(bei)到東南呈由稀變密(mi)的狀態。因故，明洪(hong)武間(jian)，出現了“江(jiang)西填湖(hu)廣”和第(di)一(yi)次“湖(hu)廣填四川”的移民大(da)潮(chao)，同時在(zai)滇黔(qian)、桂北(bei)一(yi)帶廣設衛(wei)所，遷(qian)入大(da)量(liang)移民。

明(ming)代(dai)大移民(min)(min)，徹底(di)改變了原來西(xi)(xi)南地區(qu)以少(shao)數(shu)民(min)(min)族(zu)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)體的(de)結構，遲至明(ming)末(mo)，漢族(zu)已在西(xi)(xi)南地區(qu)的(de)民(min)(min)族(zu)結構中(zhong)占(zhan)據絕對優勢。明(ming)代(dai)移民(min)(min)西(xi)(xi)南的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)方式是由衛所(suo)軍(jun)(jun)士及其家(jia)眷組成(cheng)的(de)軍(jun)(jun)事移民(min)(min)，其來源主(zhu)要(yao)為(wei)(wei)江南、湖廣、江西(xi)(xi)等地。

明(ming)代(dai)西(xi)南地區的韻(yun)書記錄，證明(ming)西(xi)南官話在當時已經成型(xing)。漢族早期移民(min)西(xi)南，因來源多樣，呈現(xian)出“五方雜處(chu)，言語(yu)各異”的局面。

為了解決“正(zheng)音”問題，當(dang)地出(chu)現了一些用官話“正(zheng)音”的韻(yun)(yun)書，如(ru)蘭(lan)茂《韻(yun)(yun)略易通》、葛中選《泰律篇》等(deng)。

明代西(xi)南(nan)地(di)(di)區(qu)出現(xian)的(de)韻書和辭(ci)書，大(da)體(ti)(ti)屬于官(guan)話(hua)(hua)系(xi)統(tong)，其音系(xi)均體(ti)(ti)現(xian)出一定的(de)地(di)(di)域方音特(te)點(dian)。而這(zhe)些地(di)(di)域方音特(te)點(dian)的(de)系(xi)統(tong)出現(xian)，標(biao)志著西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)基本形成。明正統(tong)年間(jian)的(de)《韻略(lve)易通》反映了通行于西(xi)南(nan)的(de)讀書音已(yi)與官(guan)話(hua)(hua)有明顯的(de)差(cha)異(yi)，以(yi)及(ji)當時西(xi)南(nan)地(di)(di)域性通語方音的(de)基本存在概(gai)況。

根據《讀書通·五聲譜(pu)》記(ji)錄說明，當時川(chuan)滇(dian)鄂等地(di)的方言中入(ru)(ru)聲亦然失去塞音(yin)韻尾。足以印證今西南官話(hua)中“入(ru)(ru)聲調合為一(yi)類，入(ru)(ru)聲韻不帶塞音(yin)韻尾，去聲調不分陰(yin)陽”的區(qu)域性語音(yin)特(te)點，在明末(mo)已經形成(cheng)。

清代(dai)西(xi)南的移民，除“湖(hu)廣(guang)(guang)填(tian)四(si)川”的外部人口遷入(ru)，內部主(zhu)要體(ti)現為(wei)區域(yu)擴散式移民。明(ming)(ming)末清初，起義不(bu)停，天災(zai)頻(pin)頻(pin)，戰亂不(bu)斷，造(zao)成四(si)川人口銳(rui)減。清順(shun)治、康熙年間又開(kai)始大量(liang)向(xiang)四(si)川移民，清代(dai)四(si)川移民的來源同明(ming)(ming)代(dai)一樣，以(yi)湖(hu)廣(guang)(guang)為(wei)主(zhu)，占(zhan)移民總數一半(ban)以(yi)上。

清(qing)代改土歸流完成后，漢人開始進入(ru)以(yi)前由少數民族控(kong)制的區(qu)域。乾(qian)隆中期(qi)以(yi)后，四(si)川人口(kou)開始向周邊地區(qu)遷移。一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)已遷入(ru)省(sheng)內(nei)的邊遠山區(qu)。

清代的(de)(de)移民由明代沿交(jiao)通要(yao)道的(de)(de)點、線狀分布(bu)，發展(zhan)為(wei)大量向邊遠(yuan)山區和少(shao)民聚(ju)居區流動的(de)(de)片、面分布(bu)。西南(nan)官話隨(sui)著內(nei)(nei)部擴(kuo)散式移民而(er)不(bu)(bu)斷整合(he)擴(kuo)張，形(xing)成了內(nei)(nei)聚(ju)力較強的(de)(de)區域性語言(yan)集團，往后一直(zhi)以其簡潔的(de)(de)音(yin)系優勢(shi)，隨(sui)人口的(de)(de)外(wai)移而(er)不(bu)(bu)斷向外(wai)擴(kuo)張。

從清朝到20世(shi)紀(ji)上半葉，入聲歸讀陽平的(de)(de)特點在西南官話較多的(de)(de)方(fang)言區內得(de)以(yi)呈現(xian)。清末，根據傳(chuan)教士(shi)對成都和漢口兩地(di)的(de)(de)語音記錄資料顯示，當時(shi)的(de)(de)西南官話仍存(cun)有(you)入聲調。

20世紀三(san)四十年(nian)代(dai)，楊時逢(feng)、趙元任等組(zu)織(zhi)調(diao)(diao)查了川(chuan)、黔、湘、鄂的(de)漢語方言(yan)(yan)，并撰寫出《四川(chuan)方言(yan)(yan)調(diao)(diao)查報告(gao)(gao)》《云(yun)方言(yan)(yan)調(diao)(diao)查報告(gao)(gao)》《湖(hu)南方言(yan)(yan)調(diao)(diao)查報告(gao)(gao)》和《湖(hu)北方言(yan)(yan)調(diao)(diao)查報告(gao)(gao)》。報告(gao)(gao)顯(xian)示，不僅(jin)武漢、成都(dou)的(de)入(ru)聲調(diao)(diao)已歸陽平(ping)，連同昆(kun)明、貴陽、桂林等，西(xi)南官(guan)話(hua)近五分之四的(de)方言(yan)(yan)點的(de)入(ru)聲均已歸讀陽平(ping)調(diao)(diao)。

入聲(sheng)讀陽平在西南官話中的演(yan)(yan)變(bian)，是(shi)非常晚近（20世紀及其以后）且為(wei)短(duan)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)內的共時(shi)(shi)語音演(yan)(yan)變(bian)現象，有(you)些方言(yan)點仍處于(yu)這一演(yan)(yan)變(bian)進程中。

特點介紹

西南官(guan)話(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)最大片區的(de)(de)(de)使用人(ren)口約(yue)為1億。其語音系統在官(guan)話(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)也是最簡單的(de)(de)(de)，除了(le)濁音清化、從g k h / z c s中(zhong)(zhong)分化出 j q x、-m韻(yun)尾派入-n或(huo)-ng、無尖團對立等(deng)官(guan)話(hua)的(de)(de)(de)共同特(te)點外，西南官(guan)話(hua)有(you)(you)不(bu)分平、翹舌音（有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)地區僅將中(zhong)(zhong)古漢語發(fa)音為zi-、ci-、si-的(de)(de)(de)入聲字讀作翹舌；也有(you)(you)極少(shao)數地區如北京話(hua)般嚴格區分平翹舌音），還有(you)(you)不(bu)分fu和(he)(he)hu（甚至(zhi)f與hu顛倒），部(bu)分不(bu)分n和(he)(he)l（大多(duo)有(you)(you)n、l對立），同時不(bu)分ing和(he)(he)in、eng和(he)(he)en（b、p、m、f后的(de)(de)(de)eng讀ong）。

多(duo)數入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)派(pai)入(ru)(ru)陽平，分類簡單，不似北京(jing)官(guan)話的(de)入(ru)(ru)派(pai)三聲(sheng)(sheng)復雜而混亂，但是有的(de)片保(bao)留(liu)入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)（但多(duo)為特(te)殊調值，并無塞音(yin)韻(yun)尾）或者派(pai)入(ru)(ru)其他調類。西南官(guan)話和湘語、客家話、粵語、贛語有不少相(xiang)似之處（比如(ru)保(bao)留(liu)了(le)大部分ng聲(sheng)(sheng)母，川東(dong)話有很(hen)多(duo)粵方(fang)言獨有的(de)讀(du)字(zi)法，如(ru)“解”、“六(liu)”等數百字(zi)），是一(yi)種帶有過渡性質(zhi)的(de)南方(fang)官(guan)話。

聲調

西(xi)南官話(hua)古(gu)入(ru)聲(sheng)未(wei)發生分(fen)化(hua)，整體(ti)保留(liu)或整體(ti)混入(ru)它調（主要混入(ru)陽(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)）。例如四川話(hua)中，入(ru)聲(sheng)整體(ti)混入(ru)陽(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)；岷江小片中整體(ti)保留(liu)了入(ru)聲(sheng)，部分(fen)地區(qu)甚至還保留(liu)塞(sai)音(yin)韻尾；仁富(fu)小片入(ru)聲(sheng)整體(ti)派入(ru)去聲(sheng)；雅棉小片入(ru)聲(sheng)整體(ti)派入(ru)陰平(ping)(ping)(ping)。

在湖廣片中，不(bu)乏去(qu)聲(sheng)分(fen)陰陽(yang)(yang)的次方言(yan)，同時也有(you)少部(bu)分(fen)入聲(sheng)分(fen)陰陽(yang)(yang)者。例(li)如湖南北部(bu)的津市(shi)，其方言(yan)中古全濁入歸(gui)陽(yang)(yang)入，其余歸(gui)陰入。

西南官(guan)話(hua)(hua)聲(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)調(diao)(diao)值大致(zhi)可分(fen)為10個類型(xing)，各(ge)類型(xing)之間(jian)差異顯著。其中(zhong)分(fen)布最(zui)廣的一種類型(xing)（陰平(ping)是(shi)最(zui)高(gao)調(diao)(diao)，陽平(ping)是(shi)最(zui)低(di)調(diao)(diao)，上聲(sheng)(sheng)是(shi)次(ci)高(gao)降(jiang)調(diao)(diao)，去聲(sheng)(sheng)是(shi)低(di)降(jiang)升調(diao)(diao)），即四(si)川(chuan)話(hua)(hua)聲(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)類型(xing)，主要(yao)流行于四(si)川(chuan)/重(zhong)慶一帶以及毗(pi)鄰的貴州北部。這(zhe)種聲(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)類型(xing)內部一致(zhi)性很高(gao)，是(shi)西南官(guan)話(hua)(hua)最(zui)具代表性的聲(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)類型(xing)。

川黔型

成渝亞型 55 21 42 213 陽平(ping) 四川盆地大部、貴州北部

瀘州亞型(xing) 55 21 42 13 33 四川(chuan)盆地東南(nan)部

瀘定(ding)亞(ya)型 55 21 53 24 陰平 川西西部雅(ya)安一帶(dai)

自貢亞型 55 21 42 213 去聲(sheng) 川(chuan)中沱(tuo)江下游一帶

貴陽亞(ya)型(xing) 45 21 43 24 陽平 貴州中部(bu)和西部(bu)

漢中亞型(xing) 55 21 24 212 濁(zhuo)入(ru)陽(yang)(yang)平(ping);清入(ru)/次濁(zhuo)入(ru)歸陰平(ping)或陽(yang)(yang)平(ping) 陜西(xi)西(xi)南部，甘(gan)肅(su)隴(long)南局(ju)地

云南型

昆明亞型(xing) 44 31 53 212 陽平 云南中部

個舊亞型 55 42 33 12 陽平 云南(nan)(nan)南(nan)(nan)部

保山亞型 32 44 53 25 陽平(ping) 云南西(xi)部

湖廣型

武漢亞型 55 213 42 35 陽平 湖北中(zhong)西部

石首亞型 45 13 41 陰214/陽(yang)(yang)33 陰25/陽(yang)(yang)入(ru)歸陽(yang)(yang)去 湖北南部(bu)

漢壽(shou)亞型(xing) 55 213 42 陰35/陽33 55 湖南西(xi)北(bei)部

澧州亞(ya)型 55 13 21 陰213/陽33 陰35/陽入(ru)歸陽去 湖南北部（常德）

桃源亞(ya)型 44 23 21 陰(yin)213/陽33 55 湖南北部(bu)（常德）

黎(li)平亞型(xing) 33 13 31 53 陽平(黎(li)平有(you)入聲調) 湘黔(qian)界(jie)

襄陽-北官(guan)型 35 52 55 21 陽平（少(shao)數(shu)清入歸陰平） 湖(hu)北北部

桂柳型

桂林亞型 33 21 55 35 陽平 廣西(xi)北部

永(yong)州(zhou)亞型(xing) 33 23 55 陽(yang)23/陰(yin)214 陽(yang)平 永(yong)州(zhou)

欽(qin)州(zhou)亞型 35 21 44 13 陰13/陽5 欽(qin)州(zhou)城區(qu)

邕州官話 35 31 54 13 大部分歸陽平(ping)；陰5/陽2 南寧局(ju)地

軍話與未分片

八(ba)所亞(ya)型 33 31 51 55 11 東方市和昌江市郊區

贛州亞型(xing) 33 31 53 13 5 贛州城關

信豐亞型 33 53 31 13 陽平 信豐城關

考量入聲

凡普通(tong)話讀陰平(ping)、上、去，而(er)在(zai)西南官話入派陽平(ping)的字(zi)大(da)多是古入聲字(zi)（例(li)外(wai)字(zi)：玉(yu)）。

凡(fan)不(bu)(bu)送氣的陽(yang)平字是古代(dai)入聲(sheng)(sheng)字。多數(shu)鼻音韻尾（陽(yang)聲(sheng)(sheng)韻）字都不(bu)(bu)是古代(dai)入聲(sheng)(sheng)字。

凡(fan)?r音節的字(zi)不是古(gu)代入聲字(zi)。凡(fan)uai、uei韻母(mu)的字(zi)不是古(gu)入聲字(zi)（例外字(zi)：蟀(shuai)）。

除靴瘸以(yi)外的(de)y?韻母字是(shi)古代(dai)入聲字。

凡普通話有元音(yin)韻尾而(er)西南官話沒有的字是古代入聲字。

除了(le)西蜀片的(de)樂山話的(de)瘸和德江(jiang)話的(de)祛白讀韻母(mu)(mu)為io，凡(fan)方言中的(de)io韻母(mu)(mu)字(zi)都是古代(dai)入聲字(zi)。

韻母

①以川黔(qian)片-重慶話為例

開尾(wei) 元音尾(wei) 鼻音尾(wei)

開口(kou)呼(hu) ?　日 ? a o　我 e　黑(hei) ai　街(jie) ei　批 au　包(bao) ?u　走 an　煩 ?n　櫻 a?　幫 o?　畝(mu)

二大

齊齒呼 i　一(yi) ia　牙 ie　葉(xie) iai　介 iau　標 i?u　九 ian　變 in　兵 ia?　量

合口呼 u　五 ua　瓜(gua) ue　國 uai　乖 uei　類 uan　段 u?n　春 ua?　光

撮(cuo)口(kou)呼 y　魚 yo　藥 ye　絕 yu　俗 yan　鮮(xian) yn　泳(yong) yo?　蓉

②以(yi)湖廣片-武漢(han)話為例

開口呼 齊齒呼 合口呼 撮口呼 備注(zhu)

? 子此十(shi)支是(shi) i 一比力七氣 u 五不(bu)附戶古(gu) y 女(nv)于入主出 ?二日k??去(白讀(du))

ɑ 八大乍下撒 iɑ 牙甲恰家瞎 uɑ 話(hua)瓦瓜(gua)化刷 ?ya 靴(白(bai)讀)

o 窩末多左(zuo)合 io 約(yue)若虐學削

? 北(bei)得克蛇革 ie 也別劣邪絕 u? 說國(guo)虢或獲 ye 月(yue)決(jue)掘缺穴 “茄”“薛”“劣”開(kai)合(he)不定

ai 艾(ai)拜乃在介 uai 外(wai)怪快拐衰

ei 貝杯最(zui)披內 uei 瑰未吹銳回 “最(zui)”“脆”“歲”開(kai)合不定

ɑu 奧(ao)包(bao)刀少早 iɑu 巧妖了小苗

ou 歐口杜六竹 iou 又牛九囚秀

an 南安凡(fan)旦短 ien 言片天千偏 uan 丸船官款歡 yen 鉛沿倦玄軟 “全”“癬”“縣”開合(he)不定

?n 恩硬崩吞(tun)存 in 印民丁巾心(xin) u?n 文坤昏橫(heng)混(hun) y?n 春(chun)允永均唇 “傾(qing)”“尋”“旬”開合不定

ɑ? 湯(tang)方上(shang)巷郎 iɑ? 仰兩江香羊 uɑ? 王旺窗光狂(kuang)

o? 翁中孟木工 io? 榮茸窮兄雄 開合不定者多(duo)表現為“武合漢開”

③以桂柳片-桂林話(hua)為例

韻母共35個。

韻母表

ī /?/ 絲 i /i/ 衣(yi) u /u/ 烏 ü /y/ 迂

a /a/ 啊 ia /ia/ 呀(ya) ua /ua/ 蛙(wa)

o /o/ 哦(e) io /io/ 喲

e /?/ 呃 ie /ie/ 椰 üe /ye/ 月(yue)

??ê /e/ 兒

ai/?/哀 uai /u?/ 歪

ei/?i/欸 ui /u?i/ 威

ao/ɑ/熬 iao /iɑ/ 腰

ou/?u/歐 iu /i?u/ 憂 üu /yu/ 肉

an/?/安 ian /i?/ 煙(yan) uan /u?/ 彎 üan /y?/ 冤(yuan)

en/?n/恩 in /in/ 因 un /un/ 溫 ün /yn/ 暈

ang/ɑ?/昂 iang /iɑ?/ 央(yang) uang /uɑ?/ 汪

ong/o?/翁(weng) iong /io?/ 雍

說明：

1、ai、ao兩韻母（含各(ge)呼）的韻尾極其微弱，有(you)脫落(luo)趨勢。2.ê屬舊讀，下有(you)兒(er)、而(er)、爾、耳、二等字。

典(dian)型(xing)的西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)具有陰平(ping)(ping)(ping)、陽(yang)(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)、上(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、去(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)四聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)五(wu)調(diao)甚至有六調(diao)的區域，古入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)舒化成渝(yu)片等片派入(ru)(ru)陽(yang)(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)，岷(min)江仁富小片派入(ru)(ru)去(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng).根據1939年的民國(guo)調(diao)查西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)有單(dan)獨的入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao).則也認定(ding)為西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)。西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)四聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)典(dian)型(xing)的調(diao)值如(ru)下（以四川話(hua)為例）：陰平(ping)(ping)(ping)55、陽(yang)(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)212、上(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)53、去(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)214、入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)21.舒化后出現陰平(ping)(ping)(ping)55、陽(yang)(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)211、上(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)53、去(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)213、入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)211.或陰平(ping)(ping)(ping)55、陽(yang)(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)212、上(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)53、去(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)213、入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)211.

從建(jian)國后(hou)逐漸出現入聲被歸陽(yang)平學術專家占據言(yan)論(lun)(lun)上風。李(li)榮發表在(zai)《方(fang)(fang)言(yan)》1985年(nian)第1期的(de)(de)(de)《官話方(fang)(fang)言(yan)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)區》里說(shuo)得很(hen)明白，也很(hen)直接。他說(shuo)：“討(tao)論(lun)(lun)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)分(fen)(fen)區，根(gen)據五十(shi)年(nian)代方(fang)(fang)言(yan)普查(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)(de)結果，和以(yi)(yi)前的(de)(de)(de)研究，新近的(de)(de)(de)調(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)。方(fang)(fang)言(yan)普查(cha)(cha)(cha)分(fen)(fen)省區安(an)排工(gong)作(zuo)。調(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)以(yi)(yi)市、縣(xian)或相當于縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)政區為(wei)單位(wei)，每一單位(wei)為(wei)一個(ge)調(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)點(dian)（以(yi)(yi)市、縣(xian)人(ren)民(min)委員(yuan)會(hui)所在(zai)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)為(wei)調(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)對象）。市、縣(xian)人(ren)民(min)委員(yuan)會(hui)在(zai)一地(di)以(yi)(yi)一個(ge)調(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)點(dian)論(lun)(lun)。要是調(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)點(dian)加密，分(fen)(fen)區的(de)(de)(de)準確性就(jiu)可以(yi)(yi)提高。”

延伸

西南(nan)官話中最大的(de)一片（成渝小(xiao)片）的(de)使(shi)用人口約1億。西南(nan)官話的(de)語音(yin)系(xi)統比較，西南(nan)官話以成渝小(xiao)片（西南(nan)官話中使(shi)用地域人口最廣）為代表(biao)舉列：

1.無后鼻(bi)音(yin) ing，eng，普通話(hua)eng結尾的字分別并了到en和(he)ong中.存在的后鼻(bi)音(yin)：ong ung ang iong iang uang uong。

2. 聲母(mu)保(bao)留(liu) ng-，區別n- l-（部分地(di)區無n）。

3.大部分地區(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)母無翹舌，只有 z c s 保留(liu) [z] [c] [s] 的濁聲(sheng)(sheng)（有人說是濁擦聲(sheng)(sheng)）比(bi)如：側(ce)[z]e有些標記成 tse. 西南(nan)官(guan)話的r音大部分讀的也是[z]（湖北部分區(qu)域是[?]或(huo)零聲(sheng)(sheng)母）但是r在結尾(wei)的時候(hou)讀的是l（舌頂(ding)口腔頂(ding)部不卷舌）。

4.-m-n尾(wei)并(bing)未完全在(zai)西(xi)南官(guan)話中合并(bing).部分(fen)字依(yi)然感(gan)覺的到(dao)-m結尾(wei)。比如：痕hen感(gan)gam

西(xi)南官話(hua)有(you)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)一些語法(fa)結(jie)(jie)構，大(da)多(duo)在明朝的(de)白話(hua)書籍中(zhong)(zhong)能找到出處。比如："飯吃(chi)了著(zhu)"這(zhe)個結(jie)(jie)構是明朝白話(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)常見的(de)但不見于(yu)現(xian)代白話(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)了其中(zhong)(zhong)"著(zhu)"字讀do而福州話(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)還有(you)見的(de)到同樣的(de)結(jie)(jie)構他們(men)用(yong)"著(zhu)無(wu)"讀 do mo.

西南(nan)官(guan)話部分字的(de)讀音非常古老.有上古的(de)遺音.比如"蹲"西南(nan)官(guan)話用(yong)"居"讀gu或ku，這個就是居字的(de)古音。

分布

西南(nan)(nan)官話(hua)是(shi)使(shi)用人(ren)口(kou)(kou)最(zui)多、分布區域面(mian)積最(zui)廣的(de)(de)漢語分支之一。據統(tong)計使(shi)用西南(nan)(nan)官話(hua)的(de)(de)人(ren)口(kou)(kou)超過(guo)2.7億，占中國(guo)全(quan)國(guo)人(ren)口(kou)(kou)的(de)(de)五分之一，整個官話(hua)區人(ren)口(kou)(kou)的(de)(de)三分之一，相當于(yu)湘(xiang)語、贛語、粵語、閩語人(ren)口(kou)(kou)的(de)(de)總(zong)和。西南(nan)(nan)官話(hua)中最(zui)大的(de)(de)分區川黔片和西蜀片的(de)(de)使(shi)用人(ren)口(kou)(kou)都超過(guo)1.5億。

西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)官(guan)話在(zai)中國境內主要分布(bu)于西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)的四(si)川(chuan)、云南(nan)(nan)(nan)、貴州、重(zhong)慶的絕大多數漢語地區，以(yi)及(ji)臨近的湖北(bei)省大部(bu)、湖南(nan)(nan)(nan)省西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)、廣(guang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)部(bu)、陜西(xi)(xi)(xi)省南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)、河南(nan)(nan)(nan)信陽也(ye)有一些鄉鎮存在(zai)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)官(guan)話，另在(zai)江西(xi)(xi)(xi)、福建、廣(guang)東、海(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)、安徽存在(zai)方言島。鄰近云南(nan)(nan)(nan)的緬甸果(guo)敢、佤邦、泰北(bei)也(ye)有人使用西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)官(guan)話。

《中國(guo)語言地圖集》87版中將西南官話分為(wei)(wei)成(cheng)渝(yu)、灌赤、黔北(bei)、昆貴、滇(dian)西、鄂北(bei)、武天、岑江(jiang)(jiang)、黔東南、黔南、湘南、桂(gui)柳(liu)、常鶴等十二(er)片(pian)。其中音(yin)韻現(xian)象復雜(za)的灌赤片(pian)又(you)分為(wei)(wei)岷江(jiang)(jiang)、仁富、雅棉、麗川四(si)小(xiao)片(pian)；滇(dian)西片(pian)又(you)分為(wei)(wei)姚理、保潞兩(liang)個小(xiao)片(pian)、昆貴片(pian)。

根據《中國語言(yan)地圖集(ji)》90版(ban)，西南(nan)(nan)官(guan)話(hua)可(ke)以分(fen)為(wei)川(chuan)黔(qian)、湖(hu)廣、川(chuan)西、云南(nan)(nan)、桂(gui)柳(liu)6片(pian)(pian)(pian)。其中，川(chuan)黔(qian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)分(fen)為(wei)成渝、陜南(nan)(nan)、黔(qian)中3小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)；西蜀片(pian)(pian)(pian)分(fen)為(wei)岷赤、雅甘、江貢3小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)；川(chuan)西片(pian)(pian)(pian)分(fen)為(wei)康藏、涼山2小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)。云南(nan)(nan)片(pian)(pian)(pian)分(fen)為(wei)滇(dian)中、滇(dian)西、滇(dian)南(nan)(nan)3小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)；桂(gui)柳(liu)片(pian)(pian)(pian)分(fen)為(wei)湘南(nan)(nan)、黔(qian)南(nan)(nan)、桂(gui)北、桂(gui)南(nan)(nan)4小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)；湖(hu)廣片(pian)(pian)(pian)分(fen)為(wei)鄂北、鄂中、湘西、湘北、懷玉、黔(qian)東(dong)、黎靖7小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)。也就是新版(ban)西南(nan)(nan)官(guan)話(hua)分(fen)為(wei)6片(pian)(pian)(pian)22小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)，片(pian)(pian)(pian)數減少，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)增加。

分區

西南(nan)官話(hua)分布在四川、重(zhong)慶、貴(gui)州、云南(nan)、廣西、湖(hu)北、湖(hu)南(nan)、陜西、江西等9個省(sheng)市，下分6個片22個小片，544個縣市區，使(shi)用人口約2.7億人，是官話(hua)方(fang)言里使(shi)用范圍最(zui)廣，使(shi)用人口最(zui)多的方(fang)言。

片 小片

川黔(qian)片(pian) 成渝小(xiao)片(pian) 黔(qian)中(zhong)小(xiao)片(pian) 陜南(nan)小(xiao)片(pian)

西(xi)蜀片(pian) 岷(min)赤小(xiao)(xiao)片(pian) 雅甘小(xiao)(xiao)片(pian) 江貢小(xiao)(xiao)片(pian)

川西片(pian) 康藏小片(pian) 涼山小片(pian) --

云南片 滇(dian)中小(xiao)片 滇(dian)西小(xiao)片 滇(dian)南小(xiao)片

湖廣片(pian) 鄂北小片(pian) 鄂西(xi)小片(pian) 鄂中小片(pian)

湘北小(xiao)片(pian)(pian) 湘西小(xiao)片(pian)(pian) 懷玉小(xiao)片(pian)(pian)

黔東小(xiao)片 黎靖小(xiao)片 ---

桂柳片(pian) 湘(xiang)南(nan)小片(pian) 桂北小片(pian) 黔南(nan)小片(pian)

川黔片

共141個縣市(shi)區(qu)，使用人口(kou)約10000萬人。分為三個小(xiao)片(pian)。

1.成渝小片

主要(yao)分布在四川盆(pen)地內部(bu)，包括(kuo)四川省中部(bu)東(dong)部(bu)、重慶市(shi)絕大部(bu)分、貴(gui)州(zhou)黔西北(bei)地區、云南滇東(dong)地區，共105個縣市(shi)區。

四川(chuan)省：安(an)岳縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、巴中(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、北川(chuan)羌(qiang)族自治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、蒼溪(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、成都市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、達州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、大(da)(da)英縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、大(da)(da)竹(zhu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、德陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、廣(guang)安(an)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、廣(guang)漢市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、廣(guang)元市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、華(hua)鎣(ying)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、簡(jian)陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、劍閣縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、江(jiang)油(you)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、金(jin)堂(tang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、開江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、閬中(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、樂至縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鄰(lin)水縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、羅(luo)江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、綿陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、綿竹(zhu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、南(nan)(nan)部縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南(nan)(nan)充市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、南(nan)(nan)江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、蓬安(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、蓬溪(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、平(ping)昌(chang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、平(ping)武(wu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、青(qing)川(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、渠縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、三臺縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、射洪市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、遂寧(ning)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、通(tong)江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、萬源(yuan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、旺蒼縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、溫江(jiang)區(qu)、武(wu)勝(sheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、西(xi)充縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宣漢縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鹽亭縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、儀隴縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、營山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、岳池(chi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、中(zhong)(zhong)江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、資陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、資中(zhong)(zhong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、梓潼縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

重慶(qing)市：巴南(nan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、北(bei)(bei)碚區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、璧山(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、長壽區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、城(cheng)口縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、大(da)(da)渡(du)口區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、大(da)(da)足區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、墊江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、豐都縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、奉節縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、涪陵區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、合川(chuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、江北(bei)(bei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、九龍坡區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、開州(zhou)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、梁(liang)平(ping)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、南(nan)岸(an)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、南(nan)川(chuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、彭水苗族(zu)(zu)土家族(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、黔江區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、榮昌區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、沙坪壩區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、石柱土家族(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、銅梁(liang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、潼南(nan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、萬州(zhou)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、巫(wu)山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、巫(wu)溪縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、武隆區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、秀山(shan)土家族(zu)(zu)苗族(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、永川(chuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、酉陽土家族(zu)(zu)苗族(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、渝(yu)北(bei)(bei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、渝(yu)中區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、云陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、忠(zhong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。

貴州省：畢(bi)節市、大方縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、道真仡佬(lao)族(zu)(zu)苗(miao)(miao)族(zu)(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、赫章縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、黃平縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、江口(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、金(jin)沙(sha)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、開陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、六盤水市、 納雍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、黔(qian)西(xi)市、石阡縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、水城縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、松(song)桃苗(miao)(miao)族(zu)(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、銅(tong)仁市、萬山區、息(xi)烽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、修文縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、織金(jin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、紫云苗(miao)(miao)族(zu)(zu)布依族(zu)(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。

云南(nan)省(sheng)：大關縣(xian)、威(wei)信縣(xian)、彝良(liang)縣(xian)、永善(shan)縣(xian)、鎮雄縣(xian)。

2.黔中小片

分(fen)布于貴陽以西的黔中、黔西北地區，廣西還有3個(ge)方言點也可畫入(ru)黔中小片。共20個(ge)縣市區。

貴州省：安龍縣(xian)(xian)、安順市(shi)、冊亨縣(xian)(xian)、長(chang)順縣(xian)(xian)、關嶺布依族(zu)(zu)苗族(zu)(zu)自治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)、貴陽(yang)市(shi)、六枝特區(qu)、盤州市(shi)、平壩(ba)區(qu)、普安縣(xian)(xian)、普定縣(xian)(xian)、清鎮市(shi)、晴(qing)隆(long)縣(xian)(xian)、望謨縣(xian)(xian)、興仁市(shi)、興義市(shi)、貞豐縣(xian)(xian)、鎮寧布依族(zu)(zu)苗族(zu)(zu)自治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)。

廣(guang)西壯族自治區：樂(le)業縣(xian)、隆林(lin)各族自治縣(xian)、凌(ling)云(yun)縣(xian)。

3.陜南小片

包括16個縣區。

陜西省：漢臺區、南鄭區、佛坪(ping)縣(xian)(xian)、嵐皋縣(xian)(xian)、留壩縣(xian)(xian)、略陽縣(xian)(xian)、勉縣(xian)(xian)、寧強(qiang)縣(xian)(xian)、城固縣(xian)(xian)、漢陰(yin)縣(xian)(xian)、寧陜縣(xian)(xian)、石泉縣(xian)(xian)、鎮(zhen)巴(ba)縣(xian)(xian)、鎮(zhen)坪(ping)縣(xian)(xian)、紫陽縣(xian)(xian)、西鄉(xiang)縣(xian)(xian)。

西蜀片

共82個縣市區，使(shi)用人口約4000萬人，分(fen)為3個小(xiao)片。

1.岷赤小片

主(zhu)要分布在岷江中下(xia)游地區和赤水河流域(yu)，還包括云(yun)南省的3個(ge)(ge)方言(yan)點和重(zhong)慶(qing)市的兩個(ge)(ge)方言(yan)點，總數為62個(ge)(ge)縣市。

四川省：長寧縣(xian)、崇州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、大邑(yi)縣(xian)、都江堰市(shi)(shi)(shi)、峨(e)邊(bian)彝(yi)族自治(zhi)縣(xian)、峨(e)眉(mei)山(shan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、高縣(xian)、珙縣(xian)、古藺(lin)縣(xian)、合江縣(xian)、黑(hei)水縣(xian)、洪雅縣(xian)、犍為縣(xian)、江安縣(xian)、筠連縣(xian)、樂(le)山(shan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、瀘(lu)縣(xian)、瀘(lu)州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、馬邊(bian)彝(yi)族自治(zhi)縣(xian)、茂(mao)縣(xian)、眉(mei)山(shan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、沐川縣(xian)、南溪區、彭(peng)山(shan)縣(xian)、彭(peng)州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、郫都區、屏(ping)山(shan)縣(xian)、蒲江縣(xian)、青神縣(xian)、邛崍市(shi)(shi)(shi)、什邡市(shi)(shi)(shi)、雙流區、松潘縣(xian)、汶川縣(xian)、新津區、興文縣(xian)、敘永縣(xian)、宜賓市(shi)(shi)(shi)、敘州(zhou)區、滎經縣(xian)。

重慶市：江津區(qu)、綦江區(qu)

貴州(zhou)省：赤(chi)水市(shi)、德江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、鳳岡縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、湄潭縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、仁(ren)懷(huai)市(shi)、思南縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、綏(sui)陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、桐梓縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、甕(weng)安(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、務川(chuan)仡佬族(zu)苗(miao)族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、習水縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、沿河土(tu)家(jia)族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、印江土(tu)家(jia)族(zu)苗(miao)族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、余慶(qing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、正(zheng)安(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、遵義(yi)市(shi)、播州(zhou)區(qu)。

云南省：水富(fu)市、綏(sui)江縣、鹽津縣。

2.雅甘小片

包括12個縣市。

四川省：寶(bao)興縣(xian)、丹(dan)棱縣(xian)、甘洛縣(xian)、漢源縣(xian)、夾(jia)江縣(xian)、蘆山(shan)縣(xian)、瀘定縣(xian)、名山(shan)區(qu)、石棉縣(xian)、天全縣(xian)、雅安市(shi)、冕(mian)寧縣(xian)。

3.江貢小片

包括8個縣市。

四川(chuan)省(sheng)：富順縣(xian)(xian)、井(jing)研縣(xian)(xian)、隆昌(chang)市、內江市、仁壽縣(xian)(xian)、榮縣(xian)(xian)、威遠縣(xian)(xian)、自貢市。

川西片

共43個(ge)市縣，使用人(ren)口約(yue)600萬(wan)人(ren)。本片(pian)分(fen)(fen)布于四(si)川(chuan)西(xi)部的涼山、甘(gan)孜、阿(a)壩等3個(ge)少數民族(zu)自治州，還包括攀(pan)枝花市的一區兩縣。分(fen)(fen)為(wei)兩個(ge)小片(pian)。

1.康藏小片

本小片的(de)兩南官話主要受(shou)藏語或羌語影響，分(fen)布(bu)于四川的(de)甘(gan)孜(zi)和(he)阿壩兩州(zhou)及涼(liang)山州(zhou)的(de)木里(li)藏族(zu)自治縣(xian)(xian)，包括26個縣(xian)(xian)。

四川省：阿壩縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、巴塘縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、白玉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、丹(dan)巴縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、道孚(fu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、稻城縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、得(de)榮縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、德格縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、甘孜(zi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、紅原縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、金(jin)川縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、九龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、康定市、理塘縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、理縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、爐霍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、馬(ma)爾康市、木里藏族自治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、壤塘縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、若爾蓋縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、色達縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、石渠縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鄉城縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、小(xiao)金(jin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、新龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、雅(ya)江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

2.涼山小片

本小片(pian)西南官話受彝語影(ying)響(xiang)，分布(bu)于涼山州和攀枝花市，包括(kuo)17個縣市。

四川省：布拖縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、德昌(chang)(chang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、會(hui)東縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、會(hui)理市(shi)、金陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、雷(lei)波縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、美(mei)姑(gu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、米易縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、寧南縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、攀枝花市(shi)、普格縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、西昌(chang)(chang)市(shi)、喜德縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鹽邊(bian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鹽源縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、越西縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、昭覺縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

云南片

共(gong)118個縣市，使用人口約4000萬人。分為3個小(xiao)片。

1.滇中小片

共61個縣市。

云南(nan)(nan)省：安(an)寧(ning)市(shi)、呈貢區、澄江市(shi)、楚(chu)雄市(shi)、大(da)理市(shi)、大(da)姚縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、峨山彝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、富民縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、富源(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、華寧(ning)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、華坪縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、會澤縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、江城哈(ha)(ha)尼(ni)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)彝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、江川區、晉寧(ning)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、景洪市(shi)、昆(kun)明市(shi)、瀘(lu)西縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、魯甸縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、陸良(liang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、祿豐縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、祿勸彝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)苗族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、羅(luo)平縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、馬龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、勐海(hai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、勐臘縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、彌渡(du)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、彌勒縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、墨江哈(ha)(ha)尼(ni)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、牟(mou)定(ding)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南(nan)(nan)華縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南(nan)(nan)澗彝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、寧(ning)蒗彝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、寧(ning)洱(er)哈(ha)(ha)尼(ni)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)彝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、巧家縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、曲靖(jing)市(shi)、師(shi)宗縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、石林彝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、雙柏縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、普洱(er)市(shi)、嵩明縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、通(tong)海(hai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、巍山彝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)回族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、武定(ding)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、祥云縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、新平彝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)傣族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宣威(wei)市(shi)、尋甸回族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)彝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、漾濞彝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、姚安(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宜良(liang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、易門(men)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、永平縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、永仁縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、永勝縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、玉溪市(shi)、元江哈(ha)(ha)尼(ni)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)彝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)傣族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、元謀縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、沾益縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、昭(zhao)通(tong)市(shi)。

貴(gui)州省：威寧彝(yi)族(zu)(zu)回族(zu)(zu)苗(miao)族(zu)(zu)自(zi)治縣。

2.滇西小片

總計37個縣市。

云南(nan)省：保山市(shi)、賓川縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、滄(cang)(cang)源(yuan)佤族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、昌(chang)寧(ning)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、德欽(qin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、洱源(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鳳慶縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、福貢(gong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、耿(geng)馬傣(dai)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)佤族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、貢(gong)山獨龍族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)怒族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鶴(he)慶縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、劍川縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、景東彝(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、景谷傣(dai)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)彝(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、蘭坪(ping)白族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)普(pu)米(mi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、瀾滄(cang)(cang)拉祜族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、玉龍納西族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、梁河縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、臨滄(cang)(cang)市(shi)、龍陵縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、隴川縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、瀘水市(shi)、芒市(shi)、孟連傣(dai)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)拉祜族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)佤族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、瑞麗市(shi)、施甸縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、雙江(jiang)拉祜族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)佤族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)布朗族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)傣(dai)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、騰(teng)沖市(shi)、維西傈僳族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、西盟佤族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、香格里(li)拉市(shi)、盈江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、永德縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、云龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、云縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鎮康縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鎮沅彝(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)哈尼族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)拉祜族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

3.滇南小片

總計20個縣市。

云南省：富(fu)寧(ning)縣(xian)(xian)、個舊市(shi)、廣(guang)南縣(xian)(xian)、河(he)口瑤族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)、紅(hong)河(he)縣(xian)(xian)、建水縣(xian)(xian)、金平苗族(zu)瑤族(zu)傣族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)、開遠市(shi)、綠春縣(xian)(xian)、麻栗坡(po)縣(xian)(xian)、馬關(guan)縣(xian)(xian)、蒙自(zi)市(shi)、屏邊苗族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)、丘北(bei)縣(xian)(xian)、石(shi)屏縣(xian)(xian)、文(wen)山市(shi)、西疇縣(xian)(xian)、硯山縣(xian)(xian)、元(yuan)陽縣(xian)(xian)；

廣西(xi)壯族自治區：西(xi)林縣。

湖廣片

共(gong)85個(ge)(ge)縣市，使用(yong)人口約(yue)5250萬(wan)人。可分成8個(ge)(ge)小片。

1.鄂北小片

共10個縣市。

湖(hu)北省：十堰(yan)市(shi)、襄陽(yang)市(shi)、丹江口市(shi)、房縣、谷(gu)城縣、老河口市(shi)、南漳縣、隨(sui)州市(shi)、隨(sui)縣、棗陽(yang)市(shi)。

2.鄂西小片

共5個縣市。

湖北省：鄖西(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、竹山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、竹溪縣(xian)(xian)(xian)；陜(shan)西(xi)省：白河縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、平(ping)利縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。

3.鄂中小片

共33個縣市。

湖(hu)北省：巴東縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、保康縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、長陽土家族(zu)自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、當陽市(shi)(shi)(shi)、恩(en)施市(shi)(shi)(shi)、建始縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、江陵(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、荊門(men)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、荊州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、來鳳縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、利川市(shi)(shi)(shi)、潛江市(shi)(shi)(shi)、沙洋縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、松滋市(shi)(shi)(shi)、五峰土家族(zu)自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、咸豐縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、興山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宣(xuan)恩(en)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宜(yi)昌市(shi)(shi)(shi)、宜(yi)城市(shi)(shi)(shi)、宜(yi)都市(shi)(shi)(shi)、遠安(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、枝江市(shi)(shi)(shi)、鐘祥市(shi)(shi)(shi)、秭(zi)歸縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、漢(han)川市(shi)(shi)(shi)、京山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、天門(men)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、武漢(han)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、仙桃市(shi)(shi)(shi)；

湖南(nan)省：龍山縣、桑植縣、張家界市。

4.湘北小片

共12個縣市。

湖南省(sheng)：常(chang)德市(shi)、慈(ci)利縣(xian)(xian)、漢壽縣(xian)(xian)、津市(shi)市(shi)、澧縣(xian)(xian)、臨澧縣(xian)(xian)、石門縣(xian)(xian)、桃源縣(xian)(xian)；

湖(hu)北省：鶴峰縣、石首市(shi)、公安縣、洪湖(hu)市(shi)。

5.湘西小片

共8個縣市。

湖南省(sheng)：保(bao)靖縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、鳳凰縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、古丈(zhang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、花垣縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、吉首市、麻(ma)陽苗族自治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、永順縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、沅陵縣(xian)(xian)(xian)；

另：邵(shao)陽市區(qu)、邵(shao)東縣(xian)、新邵(shao)縣(xian)、邵(shao)陽縣(xian)和新寧(ning)縣(xian)話(hua)雖(sui)屬湘語，但接近(jin)西南官話(hua)。

6.懷玉小片

共6個縣市。

湖南省(sheng)：懷化(hua)市(shi)(shi)、新晃侗(dong)族自治縣(xian)(xian)、芷江侗(dong)族自治縣(xian)(xian)、中(zhong)方縣(xian)(xian)、洪江市(shi)(shi)；

貴州省：玉(yu)屏侗族自治(zhi)縣。

7.黔東小片

共10個縣。

貴州省：岑鞏縣(xian)、從江縣(xian)、劍河(he)縣(xian)、錦(jin)屏(ping)縣(xian)、榕江縣(xian)、施秉縣(xian)、三穗(sui)縣(xian)、臺江縣(xian)、天(tian)柱縣(xian)、鎮遠縣(xian)。

8.黎靖(jing)小片(pian)共3個縣。

湖南省：靖州(zhou)苗族(zu)侗族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)、通道侗族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)；貴州(zhou)省：黎平縣(xian)。

桂柳片

共75個縣市(shi)，1鎮，使(shi)用人口約3007萬(wan)人。可以分為3個小片。

1.湘南小片

共14個縣(xian)市，1鎮。

湖南(nan)省：郴(chen)州(zhou)市、道縣(xian)(xian)、東安縣(xian)(xian)、桂陽縣(xian)(xian)、嘉禾縣(xian)(xian)、江華瑤族自治縣(xian)(xian)、江永(yong)縣(xian)(xian)、藍山縣(xian)(xian)、臨(lin)武縣(xian)(xian)、寧遠(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)、雙牌縣(xian)(xian)、新(xin)田(tian)縣(xian)(xian)、宜章縣(xian)(xian)、永(yong)州(zhou)市；

廣東省(sheng):韶(shao)關(guan)市(shi)樂昌市(shi)坪石(shi)鎮。

2.桂北小片共46個縣。

廣西(xi)壯族自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區：全州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、巴馬(ma)瑤族自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、百(bai)色(se)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、賓(bin)陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、大化瑤族自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、德(de)保(bao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、東蘭縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、都安(an)瑤族自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鳳山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、富川瑤族自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、恭(gong)城(cheng)瑤族自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、桂(gui)林市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、合山市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、河池市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、賀(he)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、環江(jiang)毛南族自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、靖西(xi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、來賓(bin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、荔浦縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、臨桂(gui)區、靈川縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、柳(liu)(liu)城(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、柳(liu)(liu)江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、柳(liu)(liu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、龍勝(sheng)各族自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鹿寨縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、羅城(cheng)仫佬族自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、馬(ma)山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、那坡縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南丹(dan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、平(ping)果(guo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、平(ping)樂縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、融(rong)安(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、融(rong)水苗族自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、三江(jiang)侗族自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、上林縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、田東縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、田林縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、田陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、武宣(xuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、象州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、忻城(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、陽(yang)朔縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宜州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)區、永福縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、昭平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鐘山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

3.黔南小片

共15個縣市。

貴州省(sheng)：丹寨縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、都(dou)勻市、獨山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、福泉市、貴定縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、惠水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、凱里市、雷山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、荔波縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、龍(long)里縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、羅甸縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、麻(ma)江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、平塘縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、三都(dou)水(shui)(shui)族自治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)；

廣西壯族自治區：天峨縣(xian)。

界線

西南(nan)官話與中原官話的(de)分界(jie)(jie)線是：淮河上游(you)-桐(tong)柏山-南(nan)陽/駐馬(ma)店市界(jie)(jie)-牛頭店-鎮坪北(bei)-重慶陜西省(sheng)界(jie)(jie)-正陽西南(nan)-花(hua)里-嵐皋北(bei)-洞河-紫(zi)陽東(dong)-漢王(wang)-漢陰西-木王(wang)-鎮安北(bei)-石甕(weng)-柞水(shui)東(dong)-營盤-廣貨(huo)街-佛(fo)坪西北(bei)-金水(shui)東(dong)-西鄉北(bei)-城固東(dong)-鳳縣南(nan)-勉縣北(bei)-略陽東(dong)北(bei)-陜西甘(gan)(gan)(gan)肅省(sheng)界(jie)(jie)-陽平關-甘(gan)(gan)(gan)肅文縣碧口鎮以北(bei)-高(gao)川-五里壩-楊家河-大通江(jiang)與陜西省(sheng)界(jie)(jie)交(jiao)叉(cha)處-陜西四(si)(si)川省(sheng)界(jie)(jie)-四(si)(si)川甘(gan)(gan)(gan)肅省(sheng)界(jie)(jie)。

《中國(guo)語(yu)言地圖集》把(ba)陜(shan)(shan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)的(de)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)全部歸入(ru)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)。但陜(shan)(shan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)東(dong)(dong)、西(xi)(xi)兩(liang)片(pian)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)存在明顯的(de)差異。東(dong)(dong)部安康地區(qu)的(de)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)與西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)鄂北小片(pian)相(xiang)似(si)且有共(gong)同(tong)(tong)的(de)歷史來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)，西(xi)(xi)部漢中地區(qu)的(de)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)與西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)成(cheng)都片(pian)相(xiang)似(si)且有共(gong)同(tong)(tong)的(de)歷史來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)。依照方言特(te)點(dian)和(he)歷史來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)，陜(shan)(shan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)東(dong)(dong)、西(xi)(xi)兩(liang)片(pian)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)宜分別歸屬(shu)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)武天(tian)片(pian)和(he)成(cheng)渝(yu)片(pian)。

漢(han)陰話：漢(han)陰話屬(shu)于西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話區(qu)，位(wei)于南(nan)北(bei)方言過渡帶，處(chu)于西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話、中(zhong)原官(guan)話、江淮官(guan)話三(san)大官(guan)話區(qu)交界處(chu)，具有(you)明顯的(de)(de)方言融(rong)合(he)特征，漢(han)陰人的(de)(de)移民(min)主(zhu)體為湖南(nan)人，其次是(shi)湖北(bei)人、河南(nan)人、廣東(dong)人等(deng)，因此在發音和(he)詞(ci)匯(hui)方面(mian)，有(you)大量的(de)(de)湘語(yu)詞(ci)匯(hui)和(he)部分粵語(yu)詞(ci)匯(hui)，相(xiang)對于鄰(lin)縣(xian)石泉縣(xian)，漢(han)陰縣(xian)受四川影響(xiang)較石泉縣(xian)小，反之受湖北(bei)湖南(nan)影響(xiang)較大，因此漢(han)陰話屬(shu)于西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話哪個片的(de)(de)問題很有(you)爭議。

關(guan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)漢(han)(han)陰(yin)(yin)話(hua)(hua)(hua)，有(you)三(san)四(si)種說(shuo)法(fa)，分(fen)兩派(pai)(pai)(pai)，一派(pai)(pai)(pai)認為(wei)(wei)漢(han)(han)陰(yin)(yin)話(hua)(hua)(hua)屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)中原官話(hua)(hua)(hua)秦隴片(pian)，一派(pai)(pai)(pai)認為(wei)(wei)漢(han)(han)陰(yin)(yin)話(hua)(hua)(hua)屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)西(xi)南(nan)官話(hua)(hua)(hua)，但(dan)(dan)這一關(guan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)漢(han)(han)陰(yin)(yin)話(hua)(hua)(hua)屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)哪(na)一片(pian)有(you)爭(zheng)議，主(zhu)流認為(wei)(wei)漢(han)(han)陰(yin)(yin)話(hua)(hua)(hua)屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)西(xi)南(nan)官話(hua)(hua)(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)渝小片(pian)，但(dan)(dan)是(shi)由于(yu)(yu)(yu)漢(han)(han)陰(yin)(yin)話(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)石泉話(hua)(hua)(hua)有(you)明顯區別（在(zai)方言詞匯(hui)和(he)(he)調(diao)值上(shang)，詞匯(hui)上(shang)和(he)(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)北交界(jie)的(de)荊州常德(de)方言類似），石泉話(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)典型的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)渝小片(pian)，而(er)漢(han)(han)陰(yin)(yin)話(hua)(hua)(hua)受湖(hu)(hu)(hu)北湖(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)影(ying)響較大，所以有(you)人認為(wei)(wei)漢(han)(han)陰(yin)(yin)話(hua)(hua)(hua)屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)西(xi)南(nan)官話(hua)(hua)(hua)武天片(pian)或者常鶴片(pian)，直到新版(ban)方言集出(chu)版(ban)尚未有(you)定(ding)論。

生存危機

雖然說西(xi)南官話被公認為全國方言較(jiao)為強(qiang)勢的(de)地區，但事實上由于“推廣普(pu)通(tong)話”政(zheng)策，西(xi)南官話的(de)生(sheng)存環境正受到普(pu)通(tong)話的(de)強(qiang)烈沖擊(ji)，有學者認為長(chang)期(qi)以往，西(xi)南官話長(chang)遠甚至有完全被普(pu)通(tong)話取代的(de)可(ke)能。

一(yi)方(fang)面，以成(cheng)都(dou)貴陽(yang)(yang)為首的(de)西南大(da)城市城區(qu)方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)大(da)有(you)被普通(tong)話取(qu)代的(de)趨勢，由于推廣普通(tong)話，大(da)城市10后小孩很(hen)多已經不會講本地方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)；加上(shang)很(hen)多80后和(he)(he)90后年輕家(jia)長對(dui)方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)消極態度(du)，從而導致成(cheng)都(dou)貴陽(yang)(yang)等大(da)城市方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)逐漸式微。除此(ci)以外，昆明(ming)市區(qu)的(de)方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)狀(zhuang)況也不容樂觀，但由于使用人(ren)數偏少，因此(ci)貴陽(yang)(yang)和(he)(he)昆明(ming)比成(cheng)都(dou)和(he)(he)重慶市區(qu)方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)狀(zhuang)況更糟糕，也大(da)有(you)被普通(tong)話取(qu)代的(de)趨勢。

另一方面，西南官話外圍地區的方言被(bei)普通話取代的趨勢(shi)也非常明(ming)顯(xian)。具體表現如下：

①陜西漢(han)中主體方言原先本來屬(shu)于(yu)西南(nan)官話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，但(dan)由于(yu)屬(shu)于(yu)陜西省，與西安聯系更(geng)密切，再加上西安普(pu)通話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)普(pu)及率比(bi)川渝地區高(gao)，被普(pu)通話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和中原官話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)大量(liang)替換；如(ru)今(jin)在漢(han)中，西南(nan)官話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)逐步淪落為(wei)小(xiao)眾方言，漢(han)中年(nian)輕人里面(mian)如(ru)今(jin)會(hui)講西南(nan)官話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的大幅度減(jian)少，更(geng)多的都(dou)是講中原官話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和普(pu)通話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。未來20年(nian)內，西南(nan)官話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)很有可能會(hui)在漢(han)中被完全邊緣化(hua)。

②廣西(xi)桂柳話也屬于(yu)西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話，十年(nian)前(qian)都還是廣西(xi)最強勢的(de)方言，但由于(yu)受到首府南(nan)寧(ning)和強制推(tui)普的(de)影響，也逐(zhu)漸步入南(nan)寧(ning)白話的(de)后塵，被普通話大量(liang)取(qu)代。

③湖(hu)北武漢話也(ye)屬于西南官話，但(dan)由于政(zheng)治地位的(de)原因，逐步被普通話代替；西南官話湖(hu)廣片的(de)鄂北小片也(ye)正(zheng)逐步被中原官話同化甚(shen)至取代

④湖(hu)北(bei)宜昌話(hua)也屬(shu)于西南官話(hua)，但由于受到(dao)武漢的影響(xiang)，被普通話(hua)取代(dai)的趨勢尤其明顯。

⑤湘西懷化(hua)也(ye)說西南官(guan)話，但隨(sui)著普通(tong)話的推廣(guang)逐步(bu)消亡(wang)。

部分方言

福善巖上土話。

自貢話、懷德話、富順(shun)話。