文昌閣,位于貴陽城區東隅,始建于明萬歷三十七年(1609年),占地1200平方米,以設計巧妙、結構獨特而著名,是國家級重點文物保護單位。文(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)閣(ge)是中國(guo)一種傳統祭祀建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),許(xu)多地方都(dou)有修建(jian)(jian),但各地文(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)閣(ge)內所(suo)祀神祇數目(mu)不一。一般來說,文(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)閣(ge)都(dou)是四(si)角(jiao)形(xing)、六角(jiao)形(xing)、八角(jiao)形(xing),但貴陽文(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)閣(ge)卻是九(jiu)角(jiao)形(xing)樓閣(ge),建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)風(feng)格奇(qi)特:文(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)閣(ge)底(di)層(ceng)(ceng)呈(cheng)正(zheng)方形(xing),第二層(ceng)(ceng)和第三層(ceng)(ceng)是不等度數9個(ge)角(jiao);文(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)閣(ge)共有81根(gen)(gen)梁(liang)、54根(gen)(gen)柱,都(dou)是9的倍(bei)數;二、三層(ceng)(ceng)的欏木,各為9根(gen)(gen)。“九(jiu)”在易經里(li)意味著至高無上,代表崇高的地位。文(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)閣(ge)坐落在貴陽城老東門的月城上,地勢較高,登閣(ge)遠眺,山川城郭盡收眼(yan)底(di),視(shi)野遼闊,是欣賞貴陽風(feng)景的好去(qu)處。
道教廟宇。在貴州省貴陽市東門月城上。始建于明代萬歷三十七年 1609),清代康熙八年(1669)重修,雍正、乾隆、嘉慶、道光時均有維修和擴建。該閣是一座九角三層寶塔形建筑,兩邊設有(you)配殿,前為(wei)聯(lian)結配殿的齋(zhai)房(fang),平面(mian)布局(ju)成四合院形(xing)。主樓高約20米(mi),面(mian)闊(kuo)11.47米(mi),進(jin)深(shen)11.58米(mi),為(wei)三(san)(san)層(ceng)三(san)(san)檐、不(bu)等邊(bian)九角攢尖(jian)頂(ding),各(ge)層(ceng)插拱較(jiao)多,斗呈(cheng)曲線,翹角不(bu)高,窗花(hua)和枋板施有(you)彩繪,其建筑(zhu)風(feng)格(ge)頗具地方(fang)特色(se)。原(yuan)為(wei)供(gong)奉文(wen)昌帝(di)君之所,現(xian)是貴陽文(wen)物保(bao)護(hu)單位。
結(jie)構為三(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)三(san)檐九角(jiao)不等角(jiao)攢尖(jian)頂(ding)(ding)。目(mu)前國內閣(ge)樓(lou)的角(jiao)均(jun)(jun)(jun)為偶數(shu)等角(jiao),閣(ge)高(gao)三(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),九角(jiao)形(xing)(xing),底(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)平面(mian)呈方(fang)形(xing)(xing),總高(gao)為20米,兩邊設配(pei)殿(dian),前有(you)(you)齋房與配(pei)殿(dian)相連。在建(jian)(jian)筑上,頂(ding)(ding)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)金(jin)柱用樓(lou)過梁(liang)承(cheng)托(tuo),檐柱下(xia)(xia)穿二層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),作二層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)金(jin)柱;二層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)檐柱穿至(zhi)底(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),又作底(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)金(jin)柱,如(ru)此逐(zhu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)下(xia)(xia)放(fang),構成上小下(xia)(xia)大穩定(ding)形(xing)(xing)式,各層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)均(jun)(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)較大空(kong)間,外觀壯麗(li),氣勢雄偉;內二、三(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)楞(leng)木各九根(gen),屋(wu)頂(ding)(ding)9角(jiao),柱54根(gen),梁(liang)81根(gen),均(jun)(jun)(jun)為9的倍數(shu),可謂匠心(xin)巧運。古(gu)時“9”含極(ji)大極(ji)多之(zhi)意(yi)。閣(ge)樓(lou)古(gu)樸雄偉,閣(ge)下(xia)(xia)庭院幽(you)雅,窗(chuang)花和枋(fang)板(ban)施有(you)(you)彩繪;雕刻與北(bei)方(fang)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑迥異。配(pei)殿(dian)和齋房均(jun)(jun)(jun)為重檐懸山頂(ding)(ding)。初建(jian)(jian)時還附設有(you)(you)騾馬殿(dian),主樓(lou)上并置銅鼓一面(mian)。建(jian)(jian)筑風格頗具地方(fang)特色,九角(jiao)式在國內罕見。閣(ge)樓(lou)坐落在寬厚高(gao)大的月城上,雄偉壯麗(li)。山川城郭奔來(lai)眼底(di),益增(zeng)登臨覽勝(sheng)者的游興。