三(san)林(lin)崩(beng)(beng)瓜(gua)(gua)是因皮(pi)薄(bo)而脆,成熟(shu)后稍(shao)受(shou)碰擊即會崩(beng)(beng)裂,外(wai)形(xing)長圓,中(zhong)部略(lve)粗,似橄(gan)欖(lan)形(xing)的(de)(de)馬鈴(ling),又稱馬鈴(ling)瓜(gua)(gua)。因皮(pi)薄(bo)而脆,成熟(shu)后稍(shao)受(shou)碰擊即會崩(beng)(beng)裂,外(wai)形(xing)長圓,中(zhong)部略(lve)粗,似橄(gan)欖(lan)形(xing)的(de)(de)馬鈴(ling),又稱馬鈴(ling)瓜(gua)(gua)。單(dan)重2公斤(jin)左右(you),大者(zhe)2.5-3公斤(jin),瓜(gua)(gua)皮(pi)呈淡綠色(se),有淺色(se)花網紋,皮(pi)薄(bo)而脆,瓤(rang)色(se)淡黃,籽血紅,肉厚汁多(duo),甜(tian)度尤高(gao),清香爽口。崩(beng)(beng)瓜(gua)(gua)植株(zhu)嬌嫩(nen),對(dui)生長環(huan)境要(yao)求較高(gao),如(ru)選擇(ze)排灌條件好(hao)的(de)(de)田塊,施足基肥,結瓜(gua)(gua)后只宜(yi)施淡肥,不(bu)能施濃(nong)肥、化肥,抗旱要(yao)開(kai)溝灌水,不(bu)能漫灌,摘瓜(gua)(gua)時宜(yi)在午后,以減(jian)少(shao)破裂。
三林(lin)崩瓜,原產地(di)(di)紹興(xing),上(shang)海最早(zao)在川沙,莘莊(zhuang)、顓橋等(deng)地(di)(di)栽培,繼而(er)(er)傳至南匯喬家花園、觀音(yin)堂(tang)一帶,而(er)(er)后才(cai)流(liu)傳到三林(lin)塘。
崩瓜具有近百年歷史(shi),尤(you)其三林的崩瓜更是(shi)上海本地(di)傳統名瓜。傳說每當(dang)雷雨過后,該瓜常破裂(lie)滿地(di),故名崩瓜或(huo)迸瓜;又因為形狀如(ru)馬鈴,人稱“馬鈴瓜”。也有寫成(cheng)“浜(bang)瓜”的,是(shi)否因種在河(he)浜(bang)邊(bian)而得名,這(zhe)要請教(jiao)當(dang)地(di)老農(nong)了(le)。
崩瓜(gua)的(de)(de)身世(shi)也是眾說紛紜。據說川沙麥家(jia)圈中種(zhong)得更早,后才引(yin)至三林塘,種(zhong)源在浙江紹(shao)(shao)興一(yi)帶,可(ke)(ke)從沒(mei)聽說過(guo)紹(shao)(shao)興歷(li)史(shi)上有如此名(ming)品;或說引(yin)自遙遠的(de)(de)新疆(jiang),還有洋西瓜(gua)和本(ben)土(tu)瓜(gua)雜交而成(cheng)的(de)(de)講法,可(ke)(ke)都找不到確鑿的(de)(de)史(shi)料,暫時只(zhi)好諸說并存。后來崩瓜(gua)飄洋過(guo)海傳到日(ri)本(ben),改稱“嘉寶”。
大凡(fan)名貴品種(zhong)(zhong)總顯得(de)(de)有些“嬌氣(qi)”,命運多(duo)舛。因為(wei)(wei)皮薄(bo)瓜(gua)(gua)脆(cui),崩(beng)瓜(gua)(gua)在搬運過(guo)程(cheng)中極易破裂,損耗率高,所以售價(jia)要比一般西瓜(gua)(gua)高許(xu)多(duo),只(zhi)有富(fu)裕人家才享受得(de)(de)起。解放后一度(du)(du)種(zhong)(zhong)得(de)(de)很多(duo),可后來實行(xing)計劃(hua)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),瓜(gua)(gua)田面(mian)積越縮越小,1958年(nian)(nian)人民公(gong)社的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)計劃(hua)中竟(jing)然沒(mei)有了崩(beng)瓜(gua)(gua)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)。眼見為(wei)(wei)三(san)林(lin)爭得(de)(de)名氣(qi)的(de)(de)崩(beng)瓜(gua)(gua)面(mian)臨絕境,老瓜(gua)(gua)農(nong)很是心疼,千方百計覓來瓜(gua)(gua)籽(zi),交給生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)隊繼續種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)。可在當時情況下,崩(beng)瓜(gua)(gua)的(de)(de)收(shou)購價(jia)只(zhi)能和其他(ta)瓜(gua)(gua)差不多(duo),這不成了賠本的(de)(de)買賣?終于,三(san)林(lin)塘崩(beng)瓜(gua)(gua)在1976年(nian)(nian)徹底絕了種(zhong)(zhong)。1978年(nian)(nian),上海(hai)農(nong)業科學院從(cong)日(ri)本引回“嘉寶”原種(zhong)(zhong)300粒,交三(san)林(lin)公(gong)社種(zhong)(zhong)籽(zi)站(zhan),由老瓜(gua)(gua)農(nong)試(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)0.7畝,1979年(nian)(nian)試(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)2.1畝,當年(nian)(nian)上市32擔,特(te)供錦江飯店(dian)。后來產(chan)(chan)量多(duo)了,超市也曾見過(guo)供應(ying),但似(si)乎并不如想象中那樣甜,也許(xu)是變種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)緣故,昔日(ri)據說甜度(du)(du)達17度(du)(du)的(de)(de)“妙物”已成為(wei)(wei)“廣陵(ling)散”。
三林崩(beng)瓜是因皮薄而脆,成熟后(hou)稍(shao)受碰擊即會崩(beng)裂,味(wei)道甜美,具有(you)食用價值。