勞動合同(tong)有什么(me)用？勞動合同(tong)簽訂(ding)要注意(yi)什么(me)？

勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同是產生勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)法律關系的法律事實，是建立(li)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)關系的基本(ben)形式。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者同用人單(dan)位訂立(li)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同，對(dui)于保障勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者的合法權益，合理(li)使用勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)力，增(zeng)強企業活力，發揮勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者的積極性和(he)創造性，提高勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)生產率，促進社(she)會主(zhu)義(yi)現(xian)代(dai)化建設，都有重要的作用，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同的作用主(zhu)要表(biao)現(xian)在以下幾方面：

(1)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)是勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)重要保障(zhang)。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)是勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)獲得職業的(de)(de)權(quan)(quan)利。它(ta)是勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)生存的(de)(de)權(quan)(quan)利。我國憲法(fa)規定：“中(zhong)華人民(min)共(gong)和(he)國公民(min)有勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)權(quan)(quan)利和(he)義務。”國家通過憲法(fa)和(he)法(fa)律保障(zhang)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)是保障(zhang)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)法(fa)律形式。它(ta)可以將國家規定的(de)(de)客觀(guan)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)變為(wei)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)的(de)(de)主觀(guan)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)訂立勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)，意味著勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)在合(he)同(tong)(tong)期限內獲得有保障(zhang)的(de)(de)工(gong)作，用人單位不得無故解除勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)。國家通過促進經(jing)濟和(he)社會(hui)發展(zhan)，創造(zao)就(jiu)業條件，擴(kuo)大(da)就(jiu)業機會(hui)，保障(zhang)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)。

(2)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)是用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)合(he)理(li)使用(yong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力、鞏固(gu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)紀律、提(ti)高勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)生(sheng)產(chan)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)手段(duan)。用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)可以(yi)根據生(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)營或工作需要(yao)確(que)定招收錄(lu)用(yong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間、條件、方式(shi)和數量(liang)，并且(qie)通過與(yu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)簽訂不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)類型、不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)期限的(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)，發揮勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)專長，做(zuo)到人(ren)(ren)盡(jin)其才，合(he)理(li)使用(yong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力。用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)享有依(yi)法(fa)訂立、變更、解(jie)除、終止勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)自主(zhu)權，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)能進能出，可以(yi)促(cu)進勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力流動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，優化(hua)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力資源配置。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)規(gui)定勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)必須遵守其所在單(dan)(dan)位(wei)內部(bu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)規(gui)則和其他規(gui)章制度，有利(li)于(yu)鞏固(gu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)紀律。簽訂勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)之一是為了提(ti)高勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)生(sheng)產(chan)率(lv)。只要(yao)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)認真履行勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)，就(jiu)能調動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)廣(guang)大勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)積極性，促(cu)進勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)生(sheng)產(chan)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高。

(3)勞(lao)動合同是(shi)減(jian)少(shao)和(he)防止(zhi)發生勞(lao)動爭議(yi)的重(zhong)要措施。在(zai)我國社會(hui)主義(yi)制度下，勞(lao)動者同用人(ren)單位的根(gen)本利益是(shi)一致的，但(dan)是(shi)由于(yu)種種原因也會(hui)產生矛盾(dun)，發生勞(lao)動爭議(yi)。簽訂勞(lao)動合同，明確規定當(dang)事人(ren)雙方(fang)的權利和(he)義(yi)務，有(you)助(zhu)于(yu)提高雙方(fang)履(lv)行合同的自覺性，促使他們正確地行使權利，嚴格(ge)地履(lv)行義(yi)務。這樣，就可以減(jian)少(shao)和(he)防止(zhi)發生勞(lao)動爭議(yi)。

普通員工簽訂注意事項

一、勞動合(he)同簽(qian)訂(ding)的時間(jian)

自用工(gong)(gong)之日起一個月(yue)內訂(ding)立(li)書(shu)面勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)即可(ke)。否(fou)則用人(ren)單(dan)位須向勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動者支(zhi)付雙(shuang)倍工(gong)(gong)資。自用工(gong)(gong)之日起超(chao)過一年未與勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動者簽訂(ding)書(shu)面勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)的，視為雙(shuang)方已(yi)經形成無固(gu)定期限勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)。

二、勞動合同的期限

勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同的(de)期(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)有三種(zhong)：有固定(ding)期(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同、無固定(ding)期(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同和以完成一定(ding)的(de)工(gong)作為期(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同。所(suo)以用人單位與勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者在簽訂勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同時要根據雙方的(de)需求來協(xie)商確(que)定(ding)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同的(de)期(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)。同時，如果有約定(ding)試(shi)(shi)用期(qi)(qi)(qi)，試(shi)(shi)用期(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)包含在勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同期(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)內的(de)，若(ruo)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同僅約定(ding)試(shi)(shi)用期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)，試(shi)(shi)用期(qi)(qi)(qi)不成立，該(gai)期(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)為勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同期(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)。并且以完成一定(ding)的(de)工(gong)作為期(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同或者勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同期(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)不滿3個月的(de)，依照勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同法規定(ding)該(gai)情形(xing)不得約定(ding)試(shi)(shi)用期(qi)(qi)(qi)。

三、對非全日制(zhi)用工要特(te)別注意

1、非全日制勞動者(zhe)在(zai)同一用人(ren)單(dan)位一般(ban)平均每日工作(zuo)時(shi)間(jian)不(bu)超過(guo)4小(xiao)時(shi)。每周工作(zuo)時(shi)間(jian)累計不(bu)超過(guo)24小(xiao)時(shi)。

2、非全(quan)日制用工不得約定試用期。

3、非全日制用工小時計酬標準不得低(di)于最低(di)小時工資標準。

4、非(fei)全(quan)日制用工勞(lao)動報酬結算支付周(zhou)期最長不得(de)超過15日。

5、用人單位必須為勞動(dong)者繳納工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保險，否則(ze)發生工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)事故則(ze)要承擔相關責任。

高級管理人員簽訂注意事項

一(yi)、聘任(ren)和解聘的問題(ti)

對(dui)于(yu)高級管理人(ren)員的(de)(de)聘(pin)(pin)任(ren)和解聘(pin)(pin)不(bu)同于(yu)一般的(de)(de)勞(lao)動者，他主(zhu)要是由(you)《公(gong)司法》等法律專門規定的(de)(de)，如依照(zhao)公(gong)司法規定未經用(yong)人(ren)單位董事會的(de)(de)決(jue)議，用(yong)人(ren)單位是無權直接聘(pin)(pin)任(ren)或解聘(pin)(pin)高級管理人(ren)員的(de)(de)。所以(yi)在(zai)簽訂勞(lao)動合(he)(he)同時(shi)要規定明(ming)確，以(yi)便和普通(tong)員工(gong)的(de)(de)勞(lao)動合(he)(he)同區(qu)別開來。

二、加班費問題

對(dui)于高級管理人(ren)員來說(shuo)，其工作性質是與普通勞(lao)動者不(bu)同的。在(zai)實務中，經常會有(you)公司(si)的高級管理人(ren)員離職以(yi)后，向公司(si)要求給(gei)付加班費的問(wen)題(ti)，所以(yi)用人(ren)單位在(zai)簽訂(ding)勞(lao)動合同時應注意(yi)解決(jue)這個問(wen)題(ti)。

三、保密條款

由于高級管理人(ren)(ren)員會接觸到用人(ren)(ren)單位的(de)商業秘密(mi)，所以為(wei)了防止(zhi)高級管理人(ren)(ren)員將商業秘密(mi)泄(xie)露(lu)給他人(ren)(ren)損害用人(ren)(ren)單位的(de)利益(yi)，就需要在(zai)勞動合同中增加保密(mi)條款，并且對違反保密(mi)條款時應承擔的(de)責任做好約定。

四、競業限制條款

競(jing)業(ye)限(xian)制(zhi)是用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)對勞動者(zhe)在用(yong)工時或終(zhong)止、解(jie)除(chu)勞動合同(tong)(tong)后的(de)一定期(qi)限(xian)內不得(de)經營同(tong)(tong)類(lei)業(ye)務(wu)或在與本單(dan)位(wei)(wei)有競(jing)爭(zheng)關(guan)系的(de)其他用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)任職，也不得(de)自己生產(chan)與原單(dan)位(wei)(wei)有競(jing)爭(zheng)關(guan)系的(de)同(tong)(tong)類(lei)產(chan)品或經營同(tong)(tong)類(lei)業(ye)務(wu)。為了更好的(de)保護用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)的(de)利(li)益，在與高級管理人(ren)員簽訂的(de)勞動合同(tong)(tong)中根(gen)據實際情況(kuang)添加競(jing)業(ye)限(xian)制(zhi)條款。