勞動(dong)合同(tong)有什么(me)(me)用？勞動(dong)合同(tong)簽訂要(yao)注意什么(me)(me)？

勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)是產(chan)生(sheng)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)法(fa)律關系的(de)(de)法(fa)律事實(shi)，是建立勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)關系的(de)(de)基(ji)本形式。勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者同(tong)用(yong)(yong)人單位訂(ding)立勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)，對于保(bao)障(zhang)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者的(de)(de)合(he)(he)法(fa)權益，合(he)(he)理使用(yong)(yong)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)力，增強(qiang)企業活力，發揮勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者的(de)(de)積(ji)極(ji)性和創造性，提高勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)生(sheng)產(chan)率，促進社會(hui)主義(yi)現代化建設，都有重要的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)，勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)主要表現在以下幾方面：

(1)勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)是(shi)勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)重要保(bao)障(zhang)。勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)是(shi)勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)獲得(de)職(zhi)業(ye)的(de)(de)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利。它(ta)是(shi)勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)生存的(de)(de)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利。我國憲法規定：“中華人民共(gong)和(he)國公(gong)民有勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利和(he)義務。”國家(jia)通過(guo)憲法和(he)法律保(bao)障(zhang)勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)。勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)是(shi)保(bao)障(zhang)勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)法律形式(shi)。它(ta)可以將國家(jia)規定的(de)(de)客觀勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)變為勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)的(de)(de)主觀勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)。勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)訂立勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)，意味著(zhu)勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)，勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)在合同(tong)(tong)期限(xian)內(nei)獲得(de)有保(bao)障(zhang)的(de)(de)工作(zuo)，用(yong)人單位不得(de)無故解除(chu)勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)。國家(jia)通過(guo)促進經濟(ji)和(he)社會發展，創造就業(ye)條件，擴大就業(ye)機會，保(bao)障(zhang)勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)。

(2)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)是用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位合理使用(yong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)、鞏固勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)紀(ji)律(lv)、提高(gao)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)生(sheng)產(chan)率(lv)的(de)重(zhong)要手段(duan)。用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位可以根據(ju)生(sheng)產(chan)經營或工作需要確定(ding)招收(shou)錄用(yong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)時間、條件、方式(shi)和(he)數量，并(bing)且(qie)通過與勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)簽(qian)訂(ding)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)類型、不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)期限(xian)的(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)，發揮勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)專(zhuan)長(chang)，做到人(ren)(ren)盡其才，合理使用(yong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)。用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位享有依(yi)法訂(ding)立、變更、解除、終(zhong)止勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)的(de)自主權，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)能進(jin)能出，可以促(cu)進(jin)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)流動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，優化(hua)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)資源(yuan)配(pei)置。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)規定(ding)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)必須遵守其所在單位內部勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)規則和(he)其他(ta)規章制度，有利于鞏固勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)紀(ji)律(lv)。簽(qian)訂(ding)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)的(de)目的(de)之一是為了提高(gao)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)生(sheng)產(chan)率(lv)。只要用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位認(ren)真(zhen)履(lv)行勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)，就能調動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)廣大勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)積(ji)極性，促(cu)進(jin)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)生(sheng)產(chan)率(lv)的(de)提高(gao)。

(3)勞(lao)動(dong)合同(tong)是減(jian)少和防止發生(sheng)勞(lao)動(dong)爭議(yi)的重要措(cuo)施。在我國社(she)會(hui)主義制(zhi)度下，勞(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)同(tong)用人單位的根本利(li)益是一致的，但(dan)是由于種種原因也會(hui)產生(sheng)矛盾，發生(sheng)勞(lao)動(dong)爭議(yi)。簽訂勞(lao)動(dong)合同(tong)，明確(que)規(gui)定當事人雙(shuang)方的權(quan)利(li)和義務，有助于提高雙(shuang)方履行合同(tong)的自覺性，促使他(ta)們正確(que)地(di)行使權(quan)利(li)，嚴格地(di)履行義務。這樣，就(jiu)可(ke)以減(jian)少和防止發生(sheng)勞(lao)動(dong)爭議(yi)。

普通員工簽訂注意事項

一、勞動合同簽訂的時間(jian)

自用(yong)工(gong)(gong)之日(ri)起(qi)一(yi)(yi)個月內(nei)訂立書(shu)面(mian)勞(lao)動(dong)合同即可。否(fou)則(ze)用(yong)人單位須(xu)向勞(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)支付雙倍(bei)工(gong)(gong)資。自用(yong)工(gong)(gong)之日(ri)起(qi)超過一(yi)(yi)年未(wei)與勞(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)簽訂書(shu)面(mian)勞(lao)動(dong)合同的，視為雙方(fang)已經形(xing)成無固定期(qi)限勞(lao)動(dong)合同。

二、勞動合同的期限

勞動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)有(you)三種(zhong)：有(you)固定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)的(de)(de)勞動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)、無固定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)的(de)(de)勞動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)和以完成一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)工作為期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)的(de)(de)勞動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)。所以用(yong)人單位與勞動(dong)者(zhe)在(zai)簽訂勞動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)時要根據雙方的(de)(de)需求來協商(shang)確定(ding)(ding)(ding)勞動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)。同(tong)(tong)時，如果有(you)約定(ding)(ding)(ding)試(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，試(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是包(bao)含在(zai)勞動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)內的(de)(de)，若勞動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)僅(jin)約定(ding)(ding)(ding)試(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)成立，該期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)為勞動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)。并(bing)且以完成一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)工作為期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)的(de)(de)勞動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)或(huo)者(zhe)勞動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)不(bu)滿(man)3個月的(de)(de)，依照勞動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)法規定(ding)(ding)(ding)該情形不(bu)得約定(ding)(ding)(ding)試(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。

三、對(dui)非全日制用工(gong)要特別注意

1、非全日制勞(lao)動者在(zai)同一(yi)用人單(dan)位一(yi)般(ban)平均每日工作時(shi)間不超(chao)過4小時(shi)。每周工作時(shi)間累計不超(chao)過24小時(shi)。

2、非全(quan)日(ri)制用工不得(de)約定試用期。

3、非全(quan)日制用(yong)工小時(shi)計(ji)酬標準(zhun)不得低于(yu)最低小時(shi)工資標準(zhun)。

4、非全日制(zhi)用工勞動(dong)報酬結算支(zhi)付(fu)周期最(zui)長不(bu)得超過15日。

5、用人單位必須為(wei)勞動(dong)者繳納工傷保險(xian)，否則(ze)發生工傷事故(gu)則(ze)要承(cheng)擔(dan)相(xiang)關(guan)責任(ren)。

高級管理人員簽訂注意事項

一、聘任和解聘的問題(ti)

對于(yu)高(gao)級管理(li)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)聘任和解聘不同于(yu)一般(ban)的(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)動者(zhe)，他(ta)主要是(shi)由《公司法(fa)》等(deng)法(fa)律專(zhuan)門規(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)，如(ru)依照公司法(fa)規(gui)定未經用人單位(wei)董事(shi)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)決議，用人單位(wei)是(shi)無權直接聘任或解聘高(gao)級管理(li)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)。所以(yi)在簽訂勞(lao)動合同時要規(gui)定明確，以(yi)便和普(pu)通員(yuan)工的(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)動合同區別開來。

二、加班費問題

對于高級管理人(ren)員(yuan)來說，其工作性質(zhi)是與普通(tong)勞(lao)(lao)動者(zhe)不同(tong)的。在實務(wu)中，經(jing)常會有公司的高級管理人(ren)員(yuan)離職以(yi)后，向公司要求給付(fu)加班費的問題，所以(yi)用(yong)人(ren)單位在簽訂勞(lao)(lao)動合同(tong)時應注意解決這(zhe)個問題。

三、保密條款

由于高(gao)級管理人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)會接觸(chu)到用(yong)人(ren)單位的(de)(de)商業秘密，所以為了防止高(gao)級管理人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)將商業秘密泄露給他(ta)人(ren)損害用(yong)人(ren)單位的(de)(de)利益(yi)，就需要在勞(lao)動合(he)同中(zhong)增加(jia)保(bao)(bao)密條款，并且對違反保(bao)(bao)密條款時應(ying)承擔的(de)(de)責任做好(hao)約定(ding)。

四、競業限制條款

競(jing)業(ye)限(xian)制(zhi)是用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)對勞(lao)動者在(zai)用(yong)工時或(huo)終(zhong)止、解除勞(lao)動合(he)同(tong)后的(de)(de)(de)一定期限(xian)內不得經營同(tong)類業(ye)務或(huo)在(zai)與本單(dan)位(wei)有競(jing)爭(zheng)關系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)其他(ta)用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)任職，也(ye)不得自己生產與原單(dan)位(wei)有競(jing)爭(zheng)關系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)類產品(pin)或(huo)經營同(tong)類業(ye)務。為了更好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)保護用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)利益，在(zai)與高(gao)級管理人(ren)員簽訂的(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)動合(he)同(tong)中(zhong)根據實(shi)際情況添加競(jing)業(ye)限(xian)制(zhi)條款。