【試用(yong)期(qi)陷(xian)(xian)阱】畢業生試用(yong)期(qi)陷(xian)(xian)阱有哪些 如何避免試用(yong)期(qi)陷(xian)(xian)阱
陷阱一：試用合格再簽訂勞動合同
先試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)再簽勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)，一般有(you)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)階(jie)段不簽勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)、試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)等同(tong)于(yu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)等表現形式。根據規定：“試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)包含在勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)內。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)僅約定試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)不成立，該期(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)為勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)。”也就(jiu)是說，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)是依附于(yu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)、以勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)為前提條(tiao)件的(de)，沒有(you)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)就(jiu)沒有(you)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)條(tiao)款，不存在單獨(du)的(de)“試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)”。
陷阱二：試用期期限超過法定期限。
一(yi)(yi)些用人單位(wei)規定的試(shi)用期限過(guo)長，如簽(qian)訂一(yi)(yi)年(nian)期勞動合同，試(shi)用期卻(que)長達6個月(yue)。
按(an)規定(ding)：“勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合同期(qi)限(xian)3個月以(yi)(yi)(yi)上不(bu)滿1年(nian)的，試(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)不(bu)得超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)過(guo)(guo)1個月；勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合同期(qi)限(xian)1年(nian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上不(bu)滿3年(nian)的，試(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)不(bu)得超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)過(guo)(guo)2個月；3年(nian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上固(gu)定(ding)期(qi)限(xian)和無固(gu)定(ding)期(qi)限(xian)的勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合同，試(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)不(bu)得超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)過(guo)(guo)6個月。”如果勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合同試(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)的約定(ding)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)過(guo)(guo)了(le)法律(lv)規定(ding)的期(qi)限(xian)，勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者可以(yi)(yi)(yi)要求(qiu)變更相應的勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合同期(qi)限(xian)，也可要求(qiu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人單位(wei)對超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)過(guo)(guo)部分按(an)照(zhao)非(fei)試(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)工(gong)資(zi)標(biao)準支(zhi)付工(gong)資(zi)。此外，依(yi)據規定(ding)，勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者還有權要求(qiu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人單位(wei)支(zhi)付賠償金。
陷阱三：擅自延長試用期或多次試用
有些用人單位往往以時間(jian)太(tai)短、考察(cha)不全(quan)面(mian)、還需繼續努力為理由，在原試用期屆滿(man)后延長(chang)或與勞(lao)動者重(zhong)新約定試用期。
按規定：“同(tong)一(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)人單位與同(tong)一(yi)(yi)勞動者(zhe)(zhe)只(zhi)能約定一(yi)(yi)次試(shi)用(yong)(yong)期。”即用(yong)(yong)人單位不(bu)得以任何(he)理由(you)與勞動者(zhe)(zhe)重(zhong)復約定試(shi)用(yong)(yong)期，也不(bu)得對原(yuan)來約定的(de)試(shi)用(yong)(yong)期進行(xing)延長。如果單位在一(yi)(yi)次試(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)合理時間內依然不(bu)能判斷勞動者(zhe)(zhe)是否勝任工作，就應承擔由(you)此而帶來的(de)風險。
陷阱四：試用期工資低于最低工資標準
一(yi)些用(yong)人單位(wei)把試(shi)用(yong)期職(zhi)工(gong)當(dang)作“價廉物美”的勞動力(li)，試(shi)用(yong)期工(gong)資常常低于最低工(gong)資標準，甚至“零工(gong)資”試(shi)用(yong)。
按規定：“勞動(dong)(dong)者在(zai)試(shi)(shi)用期(qi)的(de)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)不(bu)得低(di)(di)于本單(dan)位相同(tong)崗位最(zui)低(di)(di)檔工(gong)(gong)資(zi)或(huo)者勞動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)約定工(gong)(gong)資(zi)的(de)80%，并不(bu)得低(di)(di)于用人單(dan)位所在(zai)地的(de)最(zui)低(di)(di)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)標準(zhun)。”勞動(dong)(dong)者在(zai)試(shi)(shi)用期(qi)內的(de)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)權益受最(zui)低(di)(di)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)標準(zhun)和相同(tong)崗位最(zui)低(di)(di)檔工(gong)(gong)資(zi)或(huo)者勞動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)約定工(gong)(gong)資(zi)的(de)80%的(de)雙重保護(hu)，因此試(shi)(shi)用期(qi)不(bu)是“廉價(jia)期(qi)”、 “白用期(qi)”。
陷阱五：試用期內不為職工繳納社會保險費
有些用人(ren)單位為(wei)降低用工成(cheng)本(ben)，以試用期(qi)不(bu)包含在勞動合同期(qi)限中(zhong)，或(huo)(huo)試用期(qi)滿再說(shuo)為(wei)由，不(bu)給勞動者辦理社會保(bao)險，勞動者往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)不(bu)懂(dong)或(huo)(huo)不(bu)敢提出異議。
根據(ju)規定(ding)，勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)關系自用工(gong)之(zhi)日起建立，在(zai)試用期(qi)(qi)間，用人單(dan)位和(he)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)同(tong)樣存(cun)在(zai)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)關系，不(bu)能因勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)的試用期(qi)(qi)身份而加以(yi)限制(zhi)或與其(qi)他勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)區別(bie)對待。同(tong)時(shi)，社會保(bao)險是國(guo)家實施的一項強制(zhi)性的保(bao)險制(zhi)度，不(bu)管(guan)是用人單(dan)位和(he)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)私下(xia)約定(ding)免(mian)繳社會保(bao)險費，還是以(yi)商業(ye)保(bao)險取(qu)代社會保(bao)險，都是無效的。
陷阱六：試用期內隨意辭退職工
一些用(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)認為(wei)，既然是(shi)試(shi)用(yong)，用(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)在試(shi)用(yong)期內可以無條件、隨心(xin)所欲地解除勞動合同，很多職工(gong)也認為(wei)這是(shi)理所當然的事情(qing)。
根據規定，在試(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期中，用(yong)(yong)(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)證(zheng)明(ming)勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)存在不符合(he)(he)錄(lu)(lu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)條(tiao)件、嚴(yan)重違紀、嚴(yan)重失職、勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)無效(xiao)等法(fa)定解(jie)(jie)除(chu)情(qing)形，才能依法(fa)解(jie)(jie)除(chu)試(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期職工，否則，用(yong)(yong)(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)不得解(jie)(jie)除(chu)勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)在試(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期解(jie)(jie)除(chu)勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)的，還應當(dang)向勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)說(shuo)明(ming)理由。如(ru)果用(yong)(yong)(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)不能證(zheng)明(ming)勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)“不符合(he)(he)錄(lu)(lu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)條(tiao)件”而隨意解(jie)(jie)除(chu)勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)，屬于違法(fa)解(jie)(jie)除(chu)，勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)有權依法(fa)要(yao)求(qiu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)支付(fu)賠償金。
