一、什么是汽車電機控制器

汽(qi)車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機控制器是控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)機驅動整車(che)行駛的控制單元，屬于電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)核心零部件。電(dian)(dian)(dian)機控制器具有CAN通(tong)訊功(gong)(gong)能、過流(liu)保護(hu)、過載保護(hu)、欠壓保護(hu)、過壓保護(hu)、缺相保護(hu)、能量(liang)回(hui)饋、限功(gong)(gong)率、高(gao)(gao)壓互鎖、故障(zhang)上報(bao)等(deng)(deng)功(gong)(gong)能。電(dian)(dian)(dian)機控制器技術目前比(bi)較成熟，它具有集(ji)成度(du)高(gao)(gao)、功(gong)(gong)率密度(du)高(gao)(gao)、壽命長、輸出(chu)穩定等(deng)(deng)特(te)點(dian)。

二、電機控制器的組成部分

1、電子控制模塊

是包括(kuo)硬件電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路和(he)相應的(de)控制(zhi)軟件的(de)統稱。硬件電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路主要包括(kuo)微處理(li)器及(ji)其最小系(xi)統、對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，轉速(su)，溫(wen)度(du)等(deng)狀態的(de)監測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路、各種(zhong)硬件保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，以及(ji)與整車控制(zhi)器、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池管理(li)系(xi)統等(deng)外部控制(zhi)單(dan)元數(shu)據(ju)交互的(de)通(tong)信電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。控制(zhi)軟件根據(ju)不同類型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)特點實(shi)現相應的(de)控制(zhi)算法(fa)。

2、驅動器

可以(yi)將(jiang)微控(kong)(kong)制器對電(dian)機的(de)控(kong)(kong)制信(xin)號轉換為驅(qu)動功率變換器的(de)驅(qu)動信(xin)號，并隔離(li)功率信(xin)號和(he)控(kong)(kong)制信(xin)號。

3、功率變換模塊

起到對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機電(dian)(dian)(dian)流進(jin)行(xing)控(kong)制的作用(yong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車經常使用(yong)的功率(lv)器(qi)件有(you)大功率(lv)晶體(ti)管(guan)(guan)、門極可關斷(duan)晶閘管(guan)(guan)、功率(lv)場(chang)效(xiao)應(ying)管(guan)(guan)、絕緣(yuan)柵雙極晶體(ti)管(guan)(guan)以及智能功率(lv)模塊等。

該圖片由注冊用戶"健康生活"提供，版權聲明反饋

三、電動汽車電機控制器的作用

1、降低電(dian)機控制器靜態(tai)功耗。電(dian)機控制器具備(bei)IGBT結溫估(gu)算、變載(zai)頻和過調(diao)制技術，系統效(xiao)率高、動(dong)力強、可靠性高，具有CAN喚醒和休眠功能，避(bi)免蓄電(dian)池饋(kui)電(dian)。

2、電機控制(zhi)(zhi)器具備制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)回(hui)饋(kui)功能，當整車(che)剎車(che)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)時(shi)，電機控制(zhi)(zhi)器通過制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)回(hui)饋(kui)將(jiang)電能存在動(dong)力(li)電池中，提高續航里程。

3、汽車(che)電機的放流坡(po)功能是為了避免有坡(po)道起步時，當(dang)制(zhi)動(dong)踏板向油門(men)踏板切換(huan)的過程中車(che)輛后(hou)(hou)溜(liu)(liu)(liu)，當(dang)發現車(che)輛后(hou)(hou)溜(liu)(liu)(liu)時，電機控制(zhi)器(qi)進(jin)入防溜(liu)(liu)(liu)坡(po)轉態(tai)，控制(zhi)器(qi)自動(dong)調(diao)整轉矩(ju)輸出客服車(che)輛因(yin)重力引(yin)起的后(hou)(hou)溜(liu)(liu)(liu)。

4、電機(ji)控制(zhi)(zhi)器還(huan)具備定速巡航功能(neng)，在不踩油(you)門(men)踏板的情況(kuang)下，電機(ji)控制(zhi)(zhi)器可輸出力矩(ju)自動(dong)按(an)照VCU設定車(che)速，保持車(che)輛以固(gu)定的速度行駛，以節省駕(jia)駛員體力，提高駕(jia)駛體驗。

5、防抖(dou)功(gong)能，可(ke)以根(gen)據客戶的需求(qiu)增加整(zheng)車防抖(dou)功(gong)能，保(bao)證車輛的舒適性。

四、純電動汽車電機控制器工作原理是什么

電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)在驅動(dong)汽車(che)工(gong)作過程中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)在促使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)工(gong)作。電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)是由(you)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)和(he)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)兩部(bu)分組成。其(qi)中逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)接(jie)收電(dian)(dian)(dian)池輸送(song)過來的直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能，逆(ni)變(bian)成三相交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)給(gei)汽車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，其(qi)次控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)接(jie)受電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)轉速(su)等(deng)信號反饋到儀表，當發生制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)或者加速(su)行為時，控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變(bian)頻器(qi)頻率的升(sheng)降，從而達到加速(su)或者減速(su)的目的。