一、汽車發電機工作原理是什么

汽車發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)是怎樣工作的(de)呢？當(dang)外電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路通(tong)(tong)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刷(shua)使(shi)勵磁(ci)繞組(zu)通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，便產(chan)生(sheng)磁(ci)場，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)被磁(ci)化(hua)為(wei)N極(ji)(ji)和S極(ji)(ji)。當(dang)轉子旋轉時，磁(ci)通(tong)(tong)交(jiao)替地在定子繞組(zu)中變(bian)化(hua)，根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)感應原理可(ke)知，定子的(de)三相(xiang)繞組(zu)中便產(chan)生(sheng)交(jiao)變(bian)的(de)感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢，這就是汽車發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)工作原理。具體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路為(wei)：蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池正極(ji)(ji)→充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)指(zhi)示燈→調節(jie)器觸點(dian)→勵磁(ci)繞阻→搭鐵(tie)→蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池負(fu)極(ji)(ji)。

由(you)原動機（即發(fa)動機）拖動直流勵磁的同步發(fa)電機轉子(zi)，以轉速n（rpm）旋轉，三相定(ding)(ding)子(zi)繞阻便(bian)感(gan)應交流電勢。定(ding)(ding)子(zi)繞阻若接入用(yong)電負載，電機就有交流電能輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)，經過(guo)發(fa)電機內部的整流橋將(jiang)交流電轉換成(cheng)直流電從輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)端(duan)子(zi)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)。

交流(liu)發電(dian)機(ji)分為定(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)和(he)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)兩部分，三相(xiang)(xiang)定(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)按照彼此相(xiang)(xiang)差120度電(dian)角(jiao)度分布在(zai)殼體(ti)上(shang)，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)由(you)兩塊極(ji)(ji)爪組(zu)(zu)成。當轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)接通(tong)直流(liu)電(dian)時即(ji)被勵磁(ci)，兩塊極(ji)(ji)爪形(xing)成N極(ji)(ji)和(he)S極(ji)(ji)。磁(ci)力(li)線(xian)由(you)N極(ji)(ji)出發，透過(guo)空氣(qi)間(jian)隙進(jin)入定(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)鐵心再(zai)回到相(xiang)(xiang)鄰的(de)S極(ji)(ji)。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)一旦旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)就會切割磁(ci)力(li)線(xian)，在(zai)定(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)中產生互(hu)差120度電(dian)度角(jiao)的(de)正弦電(dian)動勢，即(ji)三相(xiang)(xiang)交流(liu)電(dian)，再(zai)經由(you)二極(ji)(ji)管組(zu)(zu)成的(de)整流(liu)元(yuan)件變為直流(liu)電(dian)輸出。

當開關閉合(he)后，首先由蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。此(ci)時(shi)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)指(zhi)示燈(deng)由于有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流通過，所以燈(deng)會亮。但發(fa)(fa)動機(ji)(ji)起動后，隨著發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)轉速提高(gao)，發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)端(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)也不斷(duan)升高(gao)。當發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)與(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)相(xiang)等(deng)時(shi)，發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)“B”端(duan)(duan)和“D”端(duan)(duan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位相(xiang)等(deng)，此(ci)時(shi)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)指(zhi)示燈(deng)由于兩端(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位差為零而(er)熄(xi)滅(mie)。指(zhi)示發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)已(yi)經正常工作，勵磁電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流由發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)自己(ji)供給。發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)中三相(xiang)繞阻所產生(sheng)的(de)三相(xiang)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢經二極管(guan)整流后，輸(shu)出直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，向負載(zai)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，并向蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

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二、汽車驅動電機如何接線

1、汽車電機上會(hui)有B、B+、D+、E、W等(deng)符號以及相應的接線點，通過這(zhe)些符號將線接入即可。

2、每臺電機都有(you)一(yi)個(ge)最大接線點(dian)即B點(dian)端，這是連(lian)接到蓄電池，打開電源開關就有(you)電壓。

3、E點是搭鐵線，就是負極。

4、D+接(jie)(jie)線端大部連(lian)接(jie)(jie)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)指(zhi)示燈，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓通(tong)過指(zhi)示燈到(dao)D+起到(dao)勵磁作用，如果拆(chai)下這(zhe)條線指(zhi)示燈滅了，那么可以(yi)判斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)不會充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，用萬用表(biao)測量需(xu)要(yao)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，沒有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路斷路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)是不充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的，也可以(yi)將(jiang)這(zhe)條線拆(chai)下直接(jie)(jie)搭鐵(tie)，如指(zhi)示燈亮可以(yi)判斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路是正常的。

5、W接(jie)線端是連接(jie)發(fa)動(dong)機轉速(su)表（有(you)的(de)沒用），有(you)的(de)汽車(che)用W線來控制空調開(kai)關和熄火(huo)電(dian)磁閥(fa)，當(dang)發(fa)動(dong)機還工作時而這條線斷開(kai)，控制器判定發(fa)動(dong)機已熄火(huo)沒必要(yao)再打(da)開(kai)熄火(huo)電(dian)磁閥(fa)，所(suo)以這時關閉電(dian)門(men)鎖無法(fa)讓發(fa)動(dong)機熄火(huo)

同樣，空調(diao)控制開關的(de)電(dian)源(yuan)是由(you)w線電(dian)源(yuan)打(da)開繼電(dian)器而得(de)電(dian)，沒有(you)w線電(dian)壓空調(diao)控制開關無(wu)(wu)法(fa)工(gong)作(zuo)，同樣道(dao)理可(ke)以利用(yong)這w線控制起動(dong)后無(wu)(wu)法(fa)起動(dong)馬達，可(ke)以起到保護馬達的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。