一、純電動汽車是什么意思

純電動汽車是指(zhi)由電(dian)機(ji)驅(qu)動(dong)，且驅(qu)動(dong)電(dian)能來(lai)源于車(che)(che)載可充(chong)電(dian)能量(liang)儲存系統（REESS）的(de)汽車(che)(che)。純電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)是指(zhi)以車(che)(che)載電(dian)源為動(dong)力，用電(dian)機(ji)驅(qu)動(dong)車(che)(che)輪(lun)行(xing)駛，符合(he)道路交通、安全法規各項要求的(de)車(che)(che)輛。由于對環(huan)境影響相(xiang)對傳統汽車(che)(che)較小，其前景被(bei)廣泛看好，但當前技術尚不成熟。

純電(dian)(dian)動汽車（Battery Electric Vehicle，簡稱BEV），它(ta)是完全由(you)可充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)（如(ru)鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)或鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)）提供(gong)動力源的汽車。雖然它(ta)已有186年的悠久歷(li)史，但一直僅限(xian)于(yu)某(mou)些特定(ding)范(fan)圍內應用，市場較小。主要原(yuan)因是由(you)于(yu)各種(zhong)類別(bie)的蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)普遍存在價格高、壽命短、外形尺寸和(he)重量大(da)、充電(dian)(dian)時間長等不足(zu)。

二、純電動汽車的基本結構和原理

純電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)由車(che)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池管理系統，電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)輔(fu)助設施，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)，控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)，底盤，車(che)身(shen)七(qi)部分(fen)組成，按(an)照傳統汽車(che)的結構劃分(fen)，也可(ke)以(yi)將純電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)分(fen)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)，底盤，車(che)身(shen)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣四部分(fen)。

1、電動機

電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機是電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)力裝置，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車的(de)(de)心臟，它是依據電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)感應原理實現(xian)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉(zhuan)換一種電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)裝置，它的(de)(de)主要作用是產(chan)生(sheng)旋轉(zhuan)遠動(dong)(dong)，作為用電(dian)(dian)設備或各種機械的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)力源。

2、發電機

發電(dian)機(ji)的主要作用是(shi)將機(ji)械能(neng)轉化為電(dian)能(neng)，在電(dian)動汽車上起(qi)能(neng)量回收的作用。

3、冷卻系統

冷(leng)(leng)卻系統通常(chang)由(you)散熱器，水(shui)(shui)泵，風扇，節溫(wen)(wen)器，冷(leng)(leng)卻液溫(wen)(wen)度表等組成，電動汽(qi)車(che)電動機采用(yong)(yong)兩種方式(shi)散熱，空(kong)氣冷(leng)(leng)卻和水(shui)(shui)冷(leng)(leng)卻，通常(chang)的電動汽(qi)車(che)多采用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)冷(leng)(leng)。

4、傳動系統

因為(wei)電動汽車(che)具(ju)有良好的牽引(yin)特性(xing)，所以不需(xu)要離合器和(he)變(bian)速(su)箱，車(che)速(su)控制由控制器通(tong)過調速(su)系統(tong)改(gai)變(bian)電動機的轉(zhuan)速(su)就(jiu)可以實現。

5、行駛系統

也就是底盤，和燃油車(che)相似，主要包括車(che)架，車(che)橋，車(che)輪，和懸架等，電動(dong)汽車(che)行駛系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用是接收電動(dong)機經傳(chuan)動(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)傳(chuan)來的(de)(de)(de)轉矩，并(bing)通過驅(qu)動(dong)輪和路(lu)面(mian)間的(de)(de)(de)附(fu)著(zhu)作(zuo)用，產生路(lu)面(mian)對汽車(che)的(de)(de)(de)牽引力(li)，以確保正常行駛。

6、蓄電池

蓄電池池的作用就是給電動機提供用電，為了滿足電動汽車對高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)需求，通常由多個(ge)12V或24V的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池串，并聯形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)(zu)作(zuo)為(wei)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力源(yuan)，動(dong)(dong)(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓是(shi)155V~400V，以(yi)周期(qi)性(xing)的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)來補充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，動(dong)(dong)(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)(zu)是(shi)純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)關鍵裝備，它儲存的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能及其自(zi)身的(de)(de)重量和體積對純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)性(xing)能起(qi)決定性(xing)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用。