什么是混聯式混合動力汽車

混聯式混合動力汽車包含了串聯(lian)式(shi)(shi)和并(bing)聯(lian)式(shi)(shi)的特點。動(dong)(dong)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)包括發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，根據(ju)助力裝置不同(tong)，它(ta)又分為(wei)(wei)(wei)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)和電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)兩種(zhong)動(dong)(dong)力形式(shi)(shi)。這兩種(zhong)動(dong)(dong)力單(dan)元既可(ke)(ke)以單(dan)獨驅動(dong)(dong)車輛，也可(ke)(ke)以共同(tong)協作(zuo)。同(tong)時(shi)混聯(lian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)由于具(ju)有(you)(you)單(dan)獨的發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，不再像(xiang)并(bing)聯(lian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)那(nei)樣使用(yong)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)使用(yong)，因此發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)還可(ke)(ke)以與(yu)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)共同(tong)工作(zuo)時(shi)對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組進行充電(dian)(dian)。混聯(lian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的內燃機(ji)(ji)(ji)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)和電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)驅動(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)各(ge)有(you)(you)一套(tao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械變速(su)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構，通過齒(chi)輪系(xi)(xi)或采用(yong)行星(xing)輪式(shi)(shi)結(jie)構結(jie)合在一起，從而(er)綜合調節內燃機(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)之間的轉速(su)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)。

混聯(lian)結構在發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)協同(tong)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)輛行駛的同(tong)時，發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)還能帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力電(dian)池充電(dian)，不再(zai)像(xiang)并(bing)聯(lian)結構中(zhong)單一電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)需要身兼(jian)兩(liang)職，并(bing)且理(li)論上(shang)它(ta)能夠實現(xian)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)，電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)輛的模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式。因此，混聯(lian)結構的驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式有，純(chun)電(dian)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式、純(chun)油模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式、混合模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式、充電(dian)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式四種。

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混聯式混合動力汽車優缺點

目前(qian)用到(dao)最多的是混(hun)聯混(hun)動系(xi)(xi)統(tong)。該結構(gou)的優點是控制方(fang)便，缺(que)點是結構(gou)比較復雜(za)，成本高。從理論上(shang)講，混(hun)聯式(shi)(shi)(shi)混(hun)合(he)動力(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)可以(yi)實現串聯（即增程式(shi)(shi)(shi)）的工(gong)作(zuo)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。而與并聯式(shi)(shi)(shi)混(hun)合(he)動力(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)相比，混(hun)聯式(shi)(shi)(shi)動力(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)可以(yi)更(geng)加靈(ling)活(huo)地根(gen)據工(gong)況來調節(jie)內(nei)燃機(ji)的功(gong)率(lv)輸出和電機(ji)的運轉(zhuan)。

混聯的結構優點和使用優點更加接近于并聯結構車型，但混聯的驅動模式更加豐富，在并聯的混合驅動模式基礎上，加入了充電功能，這意味著發動機和電動機(ji)全(quan)力(li)驅動車輛時(shi)也不用(yong)擔心(xin)電量(liang)消(xiao)耗的問題。并(bing)且得益于“ECVT”的加入，使電動機(ji)和發動機(ji)的配合更加默契(qi)，能夠適(shi)應(ying)的工況更多，節(jie)油效果更加出色。

不過由于混(hun)聯結構更加復雜，相(xiang)應車型的(de)(de)價格(ge)也更高(gao)，而且由于“ECVT”存在(zai)技術(shu)壟斷，其他廠(chang)家無法選(xuan)擇(ze)，但是隨著豐田(tian)專利的(de)(de)到(dao)期，相(xiang)信未來將會有(you)更多的(de)(de)混(hun)聯車型推出。