電動車充(chong)電器(qi)的原(yuan)理介紹 電動車充(chong)電器(qi)的分類

用有、無工頻（50赫茲）變壓器區分，可分為兩大類。貨運三輪充電器一般使用帶工頻變壓器的充電機，體積大、重量大，費電，但是可靠，便宜；電動自行車和電摩則使用所謂開關電源式充電(dian)器，省電(dian)，效率高，但是(shi)易(yi)壞(huai)。

開關電源式充電器的正確操作是：充電時，先插電池，后加市電；充足后，先切斷市電，后拔電池插頭。如果在充電時先拔電池插頭，特別是充電電流大（紅燈）時，非常容易損壞充電器。

常(chang)(chang)用(yong)的(de)開關電源式(shi)充電器(qi)又分半(ban)橋(qiao)式(shi)和(he)(he)單激(ji)式(shi)兩大類(lei)，單激(ji)類(lei)又分為(wei)正激(ji)式(shi)和(he)(he)反激(ji)式(shi)兩類(lei)。半(ban)橋(qiao)式(shi)成本高(gao)，性能好，常(chang)(chang)用(yong)于帶負(fu)脈沖的(de)充電器(qi)；單激(ji)式(shi)成本低，市(shi)場(chang)占有率高(gao)。

關于負脈沖充電器

根(gen)據(ju)麥斯(si)先生的(de)三定律(lv)制(zhi)作成(cheng)功了(le)多種品(pin)牌(pai)的(de)快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環(huan)過程(cheng)是：大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)脈(mo)沖充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→切斷(duan)(duan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)→對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池短暫放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→停(ting)止放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→接通充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)→大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)脈(mo)沖充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)……這一(yi)原理用到了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器中，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)中，不(bu)(bu)切斷(duan)(duan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，用小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池短路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)瞬間，進行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。短路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)時(shi)由(you)于(yu)不(bu)(bu)切斷(duan)(duan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中串連了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)。一(yi)般在1秒內短路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)3－5毫(hao)(hao)秒（1秒＝1000毫(hao)(hao)秒），由(you)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)里(li)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不(bu)(bu)能跳變，短路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)時(shi)間短促，可以保(bao)護充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)轉換部分(fen)。如(ru)果把充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)方向叫正，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)自然(ran)為負了(le)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車業就出現了(le)名詞(ci)“負脈(mo)沖充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器”，而(er)且稱(cheng)可以延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池壽命(ming)等等。

關于三段式充電器

近幾年，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車普遍使用(yong)了所謂三段(duan)式充電(dian)(dian)器，第(di)一(yi)個(ge)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)叫(jiao)恒(heng)流階(jie)(jie)段(duan)，第(di)二(er)個(ge)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)叫(jiao)恒(heng)壓階(jie)(jie)段(duan)，第(di)三個(ge)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)叫(jiao)涓流階(jie)(jie)段(duan)。大(da)多數充電(dian)(dian)器第(di)一(yi)、二(er)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)是紅(hong)燈(deng)，第(di)三階(jie)(jie)段(duan)變綠燈(deng)。

買新充電器(qi)(qi)(qi)要(yao)檢查三(san)段式(shi)充電器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)三(san)個重(zhong)要(yao)參(can)數(shu)(shu)，一般可以自己測(ce)得第(di)三(san)階段的(de)低恒壓值。方法(fa)是，不接電池，給充電器(qi)(qi)(qi)加市電，用數(shu)(shu)字(zi)萬用表的(de)200V直流(liu)(liu)電壓檔測(ce)充電器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)輸(shu)出電壓。另兩個參(can)數(shu)(shu)高恒壓值和(he)轉折電流(liu)(liu)一般需(xu)要(yao)專(zhuan)用工具才(cai)能(neng)測(ce)得。

充電方法：

1、變綠(lv)燈后再(zai)接著充2－3小時。

2、原則是淺放（電(dian)）勤充(chong)(chong)（電(dian)），就是騎行(xing)不足(zu)夠遠(yuan)，也要及時充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，避免放光再充(chong)(chong)電(dian)。

3、長(chang)期(qi)(qi)不騎，要定期(qi)(qi)（2－3個月）充電一次。

4、長(chang)(chang)期淺放的(de)電(dian)池，3個月左右(you)，作一次深放電(dian)，就是所謂(wei)放光(guang)再充(chong)電(dian)，有利于電(dian)池深部的(de)長(chang)(chang)期不動(dong)的(de)物質的(de)活化。放光(guang)的(de)意思(si)是，騎到(dao)控制器(qi)電(dian)池欠壓保(bao)護動(dong)作為止。

需要提醒幾點：

1、一(yi)般新電池投入使用8－10個月后(hou)，要對電池進(jin)行檢查和維(wei)護。

2、一般名牌車配套的(de)(de)充電(dian)器(qi)是(shi)經過篩(shai)選的(de)(de)，通常不用測試，但是(shi)單獨到市場上采購的(de)(de)非配套充電(dian)器(qi)，一定要進行前述三個參數的(de)(de)測試。

3、有(you)一種不帶工頻(pin)變壓器的(de)可控硅充電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，直接整流(liu)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)可到30A，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓12V－80V可調，未徹底切(qie)斷市電(dian)(dian)(dian)前，千萬不要摸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，貨(huo)運三輪使用這類充電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)客(ke)戶特別要注意安全。