電(dian)(dian)動車充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)原理介紹 電(dian)(dian)動車充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)分類(lei)

用有、無工頻（50赫茲）變壓器區分，可分為兩大類。貨運三輪充電器一般使用帶工頻變壓器的充電機，體積大、重量大，費電，但是可靠，便宜；電動自行車和電摩則使用所謂開關電源式充電器，省電，效率高(gao)，但是易壞。

開關電源式充電器的正確操作是：充電時，先插電池，后加市電；充足后，先切斷市電，后拔電池插頭。如果在充電時先拔電池插頭，特別是充電電流大（紅燈）時，非常容易損壞充電器。

常用的(de)開關(guan)電(dian)源式(shi)(shi)(shi)充電(dian)器又分半橋(qiao)式(shi)(shi)(shi)和單激式(shi)(shi)(shi)兩大類，單激類又分為正(zheng)激式(shi)(shi)(shi)和反激式(shi)(shi)(shi)兩類。半橋(qiao)式(shi)(shi)(shi)成本高，性能好，常用于帶負脈沖的(de)充電(dian)器；單激式(shi)(shi)(shi)成本低，市場占(zhan)有率(lv)高。

關于負脈沖充電器

根據麥斯(si)先生的三定律制作成功了(le)多種(zhong)品牌的快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循環過(guo)程是：大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流脈(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)→切斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通路(lu)→對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池短(duan)暫放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)→停止放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)→接通充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通路(lu)→大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流脈(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)……這一原理用到了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器中(zhong)(zhong)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)，不切斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通路(lu)，用小電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻將電(dian)(dian)(dian)池短(duan)路(lu)瞬(shun)間，進行(xing)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。短(duan)路(lu)時由于(yu)不切斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通路(lu)，在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)串連了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)。一般(ban)在1秒內短(duan)路(lu)3－5毫秒（1秒＝1000毫秒），由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)里(li)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流不能(neng)跳變，短(duan)路(lu)時間短(duan)促，可(ke)以保護充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的電(dian)(dian)(dian)源轉換部(bu)分(fen)。如果把充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流方(fang)向叫正，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)自然為負了(le)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車業就出(chu)現了(le)名詞“負脈(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器”，而且稱可(ke)以延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)池壽命等等。

關于三段式充電器

近幾年，電動(dong)車普遍使用了所(suo)謂(wei)三段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)式充電器(qi)，第(di)(di)一個階段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫恒流階段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)二(er)(er)個階段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫恒壓階段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)三個階段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫涓(juan)流階段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)。大多(duo)數(shu)充電器(qi)第(di)(di)一、二(er)(er)階段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)是紅燈，第(di)(di)三階段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)變(bian)綠(lv)燈。

買(mai)新充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)要檢查(cha)三(san)(san)段式充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的三(san)(san)個重要參數(shu)，一(yi)般可以自(zi)己測(ce)得第(di)三(san)(san)階段的低恒(heng)壓值(zhi)。方(fang)法是，不接電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，給充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)加市電(dian)(dian)(dian)，用(yong)數(shu)字(zi)萬(wan)用(yong)表的200V直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓檔測(ce)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。另兩個參數(shu)高恒(heng)壓值(zhi)和轉折電(dian)(dian)(dian)流一(yi)般需要專用(yong)工(gong)具(ju)才能(neng)測(ce)得。

充電方法：

1、變綠燈(deng)后再接著充2－3小時。

2、原則是(shi)淺放（電(dian)）勤充（電(dian)），就是(shi)騎行不足夠遠，也要及時充電(dian)，避免(mian)放光再充電(dian)。

3、長期不騎，要(yao)定(ding)期（2－3個月(yue)）充電一次。

4、長期(qi)淺放的(de)電池(chi)(chi)，3個月(yue)左右，作一(yi)次深(shen)放電，就是所謂放光(guang)再充電，有(you)利(li)于(yu)電池(chi)(chi)深(shen)部的(de)長期(qi)不動(dong)的(de)物質的(de)活化。放光(guang)的(de)意思是，騎到控(kong)制器電池(chi)(chi)欠壓保護動(dong)作為止。

需要提醒幾點：

1、一(yi)般新電池(chi)投(tou)入使(shi)用8－10個月(yue)后(hou)，要對電池(chi)進行檢(jian)查(cha)和(he)維(wei)護。

2、一(yi)般(ban)名(ming)牌車配(pei)套的充電(dian)(dian)器是(shi)(shi)經過篩選的，通常不用測試，但是(shi)(shi)單(dan)獨到市場上采購(gou)的非配(pei)套充電(dian)(dian)器，一(yi)定要(yao)進行(xing)前述三個參(can)數的測試。

3、有一種不(bu)帶(dai)工頻變壓器(qi)的可控(kong)硅充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機，直接整流(liu)(liu)市(shi)電(dian)(dian)為電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)可到(dao)30A，電(dian)(dian)壓12V－80V可調，未徹(che)底切斷市(shi)電(dian)(dian)前(qian)，千萬不(bu)要摸電(dian)(dian)池，貨運三輪使用這類充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機的客戶特別要注意安全。