購買種子須知

當前春耕在即，正(zheng)是(shi)種子(zi)(zi)銷(xiao)售旺季和農民(min)大量(liang)購(gou)買種子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)時節。種子(zi)(zi)作為有生(sheng)命的(de)(de)再生(sheng)的(de)(de)農業生(sheng)產資料，質量(liang)的(de)(de)好壞關系到農民(min)一年(nian)的(de)(de)收成。種子(zi)(zi)是(shi)技(ji)術含量(liang)很高的(de)(de)商品，用肉眼、憑表象往(wang)往(wang)難以識別種子(zi)(zi)質量(liang)的(de)(de)優(you)劣，只能是(shi)在購(gou)買時加以防范，多加注意，選擇合(he)法的(de)(de)經營者、合(he)適(shi)的(de)(de)種子(zi)(zi)等。那么，在購(gou)買種子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)時候如何(he)防范假劣種子(zi)(zi)呢？

買(mai)(mai)誰的(de)(de)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，到什么地(di)方去買(mai)(mai)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總體上講(jiang)，就(jiu)是(shi)要買(mai)(mai)合法(fa)經營(ying)(ying)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，要買(mai)(mai)資金雄厚、信譽(yu)好的(de)(de)大型(xing)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)公司的(de)(de)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。按照(zhao)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)法(fa)的(de)(de)規定(ding)，種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)經營(ying)(ying)者(zhe)(zhe)包括具有種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)經營(ying)(ying)許可證的(de)(de)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)經營(ying)(ying)者(zhe)(zhe)及其分支機構和代銷者(zhe)(zhe)、包裝種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)零(ling)售商(shang)。但所有經營(ying)(ying)者(zhe)(zhe)都(dou)應辦理(li)營(ying)(ying)業執照(zhao)。因此，購買(mai)(mai)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)應當到有固定(ding)的(de)(de)經營(ying)(ying)場所、當地(di)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)公司等單位，最好是(shi)選擇大型(xing)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)公司的(de)(de)分支機構。

買什么樣的種子

一是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)買(mai)小包裝的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，根據自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)需求選擇(ze)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)包裝規(gui)(gui)格(ge)(ge)。二是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)買(mai)標(biao)(biao)簽(qian)(qian)齊(qi)全的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。根據種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)法的(de)(de)(de)有(you)關規(gui)(gui)定(ding)，銷售的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)應(ying)當(dang)加(jia)工、包裝、附有(you)標(biao)(biao)簽(qian)(qian)，標(biao)(biao)簽(qian)(qian)應(ying)當(dang)標(biao)(biao)注(zhu)作(zuo)物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)類別(bie)、品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名稱(cheng)、產(chan)地(di)、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)經營(ying)(ying)許可(ke)(ke)(ke)證(zheng)編(bian)(bian)號(hao)、質(zhi)(zhi)量指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)、檢疫證(zheng)明編(bian)(bian)號(hao)、凈含量、生(sheng)產(chan)年月、生(sheng)產(chan)商名稱(cheng)、生(sheng)產(chan)商地(di)址(zhi)以及聯(lian)系方(fang)式等，主要(yao)(yao)農作(zuo)物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)還應(ying)當(dang)加(jia)注(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)生(sheng)產(chan)許可(ke)(ke)(ke)證(zheng)編(bian)(bian)號(hao)和品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)審(shen)(shen)定(ding)編(bian)(bian)號(hao)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)法這樣規(gui)(gui)定(ding)是(shi)(shi)便于使用者選擇(ze)。多數種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)生(sheng)產(chan)商將標(biao)(biao)簽(qian)(qian)內容(rong)印在(zai)包裝袋上(shang)，農民購(gou)買(mai)時要(yao)(yao)注(zhu)意查看，尤其是(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、質(zhi)(zhi)量是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)符合需求，經營(ying)(ying)許可(ke)(ke)(ke)證(zheng)編(bian)(bian)號(hao)、生(sheng)產(chan)商地(di)址(zhi)及聯(lian)系方(fang)式是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)齊(qi)全，必(bi)要(yao)(yao)時可(ke)(ke)(ke)通過(guo)經營(ying)(ying)許可(ke)(ke)(ke)證(zheng)編(bian)(bian)號(hao)等信息向(xiang)農業行(xing)政主管部門(men)核實生(sheng)產(chan)商情況(kuang)(kuang)，通過(guo)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)審(shen)(shen)定(ding)編(bian)(bian)號(hao)查詢(xun)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)情況(kuang)(kuang)。三是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)買(mai)質(zhi)(zhi)量合格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、優質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，不(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)貪圖便宜(yi)購(gou)買(mai)不(bu)合格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。四是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)購(gou)買(mai)合適的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，尤其要(yao)(yao)注(zhu)意是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)適宜(yi)當(dang)地(di)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)，要(yao)(yao)注(zhu)意查看標(biao)(biao)簽(qian)(qian)中標(biao)(biao)注(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)適宜(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)區域(yu)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)包括本地(di)，主要(yao)(yao)農作(zuo)物品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)當(dang)是(shi)(shi)審(shen)(shen)定(ding)通過(guo)的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，新(xin)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)首次要(yao)(yao)少量試驗、摸索其栽培技(ji)術(shu)及品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)適應(ying)性、來年再大(da)量種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)。

不要買什么樣的種子

一是(shi)散裝(zhuang)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)或已(yi)打(da)開包(bao)裝(zhuang)的(de)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)或無證(zheng)包(bao)裝(zhuang)的(de)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)；二是(shi)標識模(mo)糊、標注不全的(de)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)；三(san)是(shi)走街(jie)串巷(xiang)、沿街(jie)叫賣、來路不明的(de)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)；四是(shi)小廣告宣傳新特優、郵寄(ji)的(de)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)。

購種時注意事項

一是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)注意核實種(zhong)子經(jing)(jing)營者(zhe)的(de)證照，查看證照經(jing)(jing)營范(fan)圍與其(qi)所賣(mai)種(zhong)子是(shi)(shi)否相符；二是(shi)(shi)查看包(bao)裝(zhuang)標簽是(shi)(shi)否完整(zheng)清晰；三是(shi)(shi)向經(jing)(jing)營者(zhe)索要(yao)(yao)發票等(deng)購(gou)(gou)種(zhong)憑(ping)(ping)據，購(gou)(gou)種(zhong)憑(ping)(ping)據要(yao)(yao)蓋有公章，并(bing)要(yao)(yao)求清楚地標明購(gou)(gou)買時間、品種(zhong)名(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)、數量、等(deng)級、價格(ge)等(deng)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)信(xin)息，不要(yao)(yao)接受個人簽名(ming)(ming)的(de)字據或(huo)收(shou)條(tiao)(tiao)等(deng)；四是(shi)(shi)向經(jing)(jing)營者(zhe)索要(yao)(yao)種(zhong)子簡要(yao)(yao)性(xing)狀(zhuang)、主要(yao)(yao)栽培措施、使用(yong)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)的(de)說(shuo)明等(deng)材料（如生產商(shang)已將此類內容印(yin)在包(bao)裝(zhuang)袋上作為(wei)標簽一部分可以不索要(yao)(yao)）。另外，農民朋友購(gou)(gou)買種(zhong)子后要(yao)(yao)妥善(shan)保(bao)存，尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)南方(fang)陰雨潮濕氣候條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)下，最好(hao)放在冷涼(liang)干燥的(de)地方(fang)，防止霉爛變質，特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)發芽率降低(di)。

用種時注意事項

一(yi)是(shi)要嚴格(ge)按種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子經營(ying)者提供的(de)主(zhu)要栽培(pei)措施、使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)條(tiao)件說明(ming)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)，要做(zuo)到良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)良法配套，尤(you)其(qi)不可(ke)(ke)隨意改變播(bo)期和(he)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)生長調節(jie)劑，以(yi)(yi)免因使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)不當(dang)(dang)造成(cheng)損失。近幾年(nian)接觸的(de)一(yi)些種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子案件，有相當(dang)(dang)一(yi)部分(fen)是(shi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)不當(dang)(dang)引起的(de)，如有些農(nong)民為了甘藍早上市，賣上好價錢，提前播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，結(jie)果造成(cheng)抽薹(tai)，不結(jie)球，造成(cheng)減(jian)產甚至絕(jue)收。二是(shi)要根據土壤墑情等因素合理確定播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量，自(zi)己(ji)儲存(cun)時間較長的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子最好先作一(yi)下發芽試驗。三是(shi)按規定處理剩余種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子，尤(you)其(qi)包衣種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子要注意防止(zhi)中毒，不可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)作飼料或糧食(shi)。四是(shi)要妥善保(bao)存(cun)包裝袋、標簽、說明(ming)和(he)購種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)憑證等物品，以(yi)(yi)便出現事故時作為證據。

種子使用過程中如果出現了問題，怎么辦？

根(gen)據種(zhong)子(zi)法的(de)規定，種(zhong)子(zi)使用(yong)中出現(xian)問題(ti)，可通過以下幾(ji)種(zhong)途徑解決：一是與種(zhong)子(zi)經營者協商；二(er)是請(qing)求其他人(ren)或有關(guan)部門（農業局(ju)、工商局(ju)、消費者協會等）調解；三是向仲裁機構申請(qing)仲裁；四是向人(ren)民(min)法院起(qi)訴。

田間(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植的莊(zhuang)稼出了(le)問(wen)題，可能有(you)多(duo)方面的原因(yin)，除種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子質(zhi)量原因(yin)外(wai)，氣候、病蟲害、栽培不(bu)當(dang)等(deng)原因(yin)都(dou)可能造(zao)成問(wen)題。因(yin)此，出現(xian)問(wen)題后首先要注意保全證據(ju)，弄清原因(yin)。向當(dang)地(di)農(nong)業局種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子管理(li)站、工商局、消費者(zhe)協會(hui)等(deng)部門投(tou)訴，提(ti)交購種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)憑證和(he)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子包裝袋等(deng)證據(ju)，請種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子經(jing)營者(zhe)及(ji)有(you)關(guan)(guan)部門現(xian)場考(kao)察(cha)，進行現(xian)場鑒定等(deng)。關(guan)(guan)于如何鑒定原因(yin)和(he)損(sun)失(shi)程度(du)，2003年農(nong)業部發布了(le)《種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子質(zhi)量糾紛(fen)田間(jian)現(xian)場鑒定辦法》，規定了(le)鑒定程序和(he)方法，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子管理(li)部門會(hui)根據(ju)辦法給出一個科學的結論(lun)。同時(shi)，在(zai)這里提(ti)醒廣(guang)大(da)農(nong)民朋(peng)友(you)，為最大(da)限(xian)度(du)地(di)減少損(sun)失(shi)，在(zai)保全證據(ju)的前提(ti)下，要積極采取補種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、加強田間(jian)管理(li)等(deng)補救措(cuo)施，切不(bu)可棄(qi)管。