廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)省(sheng)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量豐富,全省(sheng)多(duo)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量超過1700毫米,降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)時程和地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)分布不(bu)均(jun),年(nian)(nian)內降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)主(zhu)要(yao)集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在4—9月,是(shi)各(ge)種氣(qi)(qi)象(xiang)災害(hai)多(duo)發(fa)省(sheng)份,主(zhu)要(yao)災害(hai)有暴(bao)雨(yu)洪(hong)(hong)澇、熱帶氣(qi)(qi)旋、強對流天氣(qi)(qi)、臺(tai)風(feng)、高溫等,災種多(duo),災期長,也是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)洪(hong)(hong)澇災害(hai)最嚴重的(de)(de)省(sheng)份之一。廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)洪(hong)(hong)澇災害(hai)頻發(fa)的(de)(de)原(yuan)因主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量大且(qie)集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),且(qie)易受臺(tai)風(feng)影響,多(duo)暴(bao)雨(yu);地(di)(di)(di)勢低(di)平(ping),珠江支流眾多(duo),流域(yu)(yu)面積廣(guang)(guang)。據中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)氣(qi)(qi)象(xiang)局“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)天氣(qi)(qi)網”發(fa)布的(de)(de)自(zi)1961年(nian)(nian)以來全國(guo)洪(hong)(hong)澇災害(hai)氣(qi)(qi)象(xiang)數(shu)據,廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)省(sheng)大部分地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)洪(hong)(hong)澇災害(hai)發(fa)生(sheng)頻率高達50%以上,廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)洪(hong)(hong)澇災害(hai)主(zhu)要(yao)集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)沿海(hai)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)和珠江流域(yu)(yu)。
廣西地(di)處低緯度,北回歸線橫貫中(zhong)部,屬亞熱(re)帶季(ji)(ji)風氣(qi)候區(qu)(qu),氣(qi)候溫暖,雨水豐沛,暴雨洪(hong)(hong)(hong)澇(lao)(lao)(lao)、熱(re)帶氣(qi)旋、大風、冰雹、雷(lei)暴、低溫冷(凍)害(hai)(hai)(hai)氣(qi)象災(zai)害(hai)(hai)(hai)較為常見,也(ye)是中(zhong)國(guo)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)澇(lao)(lao)(lao)災(zai)害(hai)(hai)(hai)最嚴重的省份之一。廣西洪(hong)(hong)(hong)澇(lao)(lao)(lao)災(zai)害(hai)(hai)(hai)頻(pin)發(fa)(fa)的原(yuan)因是降水量(liang)大,全區(qu)(qu)平均年降水量(liang)超過1600毫米;受地(di)理條件等(deng)因素影(ying)響,廣西降雨時空(kong)分布不均,主(zhu)要集中(zhong)在(zai)(zai)夏季(ji)(ji)主(zhu)汛(xun)期的6~9月(yue)份,降雨強度大、區(qu)(qu)域相對(dui)集中(zhong),洪(hong)(hong)(hong)澇(lao)(lao)(lao)災(zai)害(hai)(hai)(hai)頻(pin)發(fa)(fa);而且山地(di)丘陵多(duo),受地(di)勢和喀斯特地(di)貌等(deng)原(yuan)因影(ying)響,西江(jiang)、桂江(jiang)、柳江(jiang)等(deng)河流眾(zhong)多(duo)。據中(zhong)國(guo)氣(qi)象局“中(zhong)國(guo)天氣(qi)網”發(fa)(fa)布的自1961年以來全國(guo)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)澇(lao)(lao)(lao)災(zai)害(hai)(hai)(hai)氣(qi)象數據,廣西東南部、廣西北部洪(hong)(hong)(hong)澇(lao)(lao)(lao)災(zai)害(hai)(hai)(hai)發(fa)(fa)生頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)高達(da)50%以上,廣西中(zhong)部洪(hong)(hong)(hong)澇(lao)(lao)(lao)災(zai)害(hai)(hai)(hai)發(fa)(fa)生頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)在(zai)(zai)30%-50%,其余地(di)區(qu)(qu)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)澇(lao)(lao)(lao)災(zai)害(hai)(hai)(hai)發(fa)(fa)生頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)在(zai)(zai)10%-30%。
江(jiang)西(xi)位于(yu)長(chang)江(jiang)以(yi)南,是一個地(di)形復(fu)雜、氣(qi)(qi)候濕潤(run)的(de)地(di)區(qu),多(duo)年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)雨量(liang)1600毫米(mi),且降(jiang)水(shui)集中(zhong)(zhong)在4-6月(yue),這時(shi)期易發生(sheng)洪(hong)(hong)澇(lao)災(zai)(zai)害,也是中(zhong)(zhong)國洪(hong)(hong)澇(lao)災(zai)(zai)害最多(duo)的(de)省份之一。江(jiang)西(xi)全省97.7%的(de)面積(ji)屬(shu)于(yu)長(chang)江(jiang)流域(yu),境(jing)內水(shui)網密布(bu)縱橫,湖泊星羅棋布(bu);全境(jing)以(yi)山(shan)地(di)、丘(qiu)陵為主(zhu),三(san)面環山(shan),北(bei)部地(di)區(qu)平(ping)原坦蕩、江(jiang)湖交織(zhi),每(mei)年(nian)汛期,江(jiang)西(xi)北(bei)部鄱(po)陽湖均(jun)會出(chu)現(xian)洪(hong)(hong)澇(lao)險情(qing),再加上近(jin)年(nian)來(lai)全球氣(qi)(qi)候變化(hua)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang),江(jiang)西(xi)洪(hong)(hong)澇(lao)災(zai)(zai)害頻(pin)繁發生(sheng)。據(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)國氣(qi)(qi)象(xiang)局“中(zhong)(zhong)國天氣(qi)(qi)網”發布(bu)的(de)自1961年(nian)以(yi)來(lai)全國洪(hong)(hong)澇(lao)災(zai)(zai)害氣(qi)(qi)象(xiang)數據(ju),江(jiang)西(xi)北(bei)部洪(hong)(hong)澇(lao)災(zai)(zai)害發生(sheng)頻(pin)率在30%以(yi)上,尤(you)其是東北(bei)部和(he)鄱(po)陽湖區(qu),洪(hong)(hong)澇(lao)災(zai)(zai)害發生(sheng)頻(pin)率高達50%以(yi)上;江(jiang)西(xi)南部洪(hong)(hong)澇(lao)災(zai)(zai)害發生(sheng)頻(pin)率在10%-30%。
海(hai)南(nan),屬熱帶(dai)季(ji)風海(hai)洋性氣候(hou),位于北回歸線以(yi)南(nan),是同緯度世界(jie)上降雨(yu)量(liang)最多的(de)地區(qu)之一,平均年雨(yu)量(liang)超過1600毫米,東部多雨(yu)區(qu)約2000-2400毫米,洪澇(lao)、臺風、旱等氣候(hou)災(zai)(zai)害(hai)頻(pin)繁(fan),也是中國洪澇(lao)災(zai)(zai)害(hai)最嚴重(zhong)的(de)省份(fen)之一。由(you)于海(hai)南(nan)島(dao)(dao)(dao)所處的(de)地理(li)位置以(yi)及海(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)水系的(de)特點(dian),造(zao)成了(le)海(hai)南(nan)島(dao)(dao)(dao)經(jing)常遭(zao)受洪澇(lao)災(zai)(zai)害(hai),素有“臺風走(zou)廊”之稱。再加上海(hai)南(nan)島(dao)(dao)(dao)海(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)原因,境(jing)內河(he)流短小,湖(hu)泊少,蓄水量(liang)不足,易發(fa)生洪水災(zai)(zai)害(hai)。據(ju)中國氣象局“中國天氣網(wang)”發(fa)布的(de)自1961年以(yi)來全(quan)國洪澇(lao)災(zai)(zai)害(hai)氣象數據(ju),海(hai)南(nan)全(quan)島(dao)(dao)(dao)洪澇(lao)災(zai)(zai)害(hai)發(fa)生頻(pin)率高達50%以(yi)上。
浙(zhe)(zhe)江地處亞熱帶(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部,屬季風(feng)性濕(shi)潤氣(qi)候,雨量(liang)豐沛(pei),年均(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)在(zai)1100-2000毫米之間,且降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),5月、6月為集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)降(jiang)(jiang)雨期,受(shou)西風(feng)帶(dai)和(he)東風(feng)帶(dai)天氣(qi)系統(tong)的(de)雙(shuang)重(zhong)影(ying)響(xiang),氣(qi)象災害繁多,是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國受(shou)臺(tai)風(feng)、暴雨、干旱、洪(hong)澇(lao)等災害影(ying)響(xiang)較為嚴重(zhong)的(de)地區之一。 除了降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)大且集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)外(wai),浙(zhe)(zhe)江洪(hong)澇(lao)災害嚴重(zhong)的(de)主要原因是受(shou)梅雨和(he)臺(tai)風(feng)影(ying)響(xiang),境內河流眾多,地形復(fu)雜。據(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國氣(qi)象局“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國天氣(qi)網”發(fa)(fa)布的(de)自1961年以(yi)來全(quan)國洪(hong)澇(lao)災害氣(qi)象數據(ju),浙(zhe)(zhe)江沿海以(yi)及浙(zhe)(zhe)贛(gan)皖交界處洪(hong)澇(lao)災害發(fa)(fa)生頻率高達50%以(yi)上,浙(zhe)(zhe)江南部洪(hong)澇(lao)災害發(fa)(fa)生頻率在(zai)30%-50%,而(er)浙(zhe)(zhe)江北部洪(hong)澇(lao)災害發(fa)(fa)生頻率在(zai)10%-30%。
湖(hu)南地(di)處長(chang)江(jiang)中(zhong)(zhong)游,屬亞熱(re)帶季風濕潤(run)氣候(hou),年(nian)平均(jun)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)1200-1800毫(hao)米,且雨量(liang)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)4-7月;境(jing)內(nei)河網(wang)密(mi)布,水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)發(fa)(fa)達,湘江(jiang)、資水(shui)(shui)(shui)、沅水(shui)(shui)(shui)和澧水(shui)(shui)(shui)等四(si)大水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)覆蓋全(quan)省,洞庭湖(hu)是全(quan)國(guo)第二大淡(dan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)湖(hu)。湖(hu)南是全(quan)國(guo)氣象(xiang)(xiang)災(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)比較(jiao)嚴(yan)重的省份之一,主(zhu)要氣象(xiang)(xiang)災(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)有暴雨、臺風、干旱、高溫、低溫雨雪冰凍等,也是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)洪(hong)澇(lao)災(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)嚴(yan)重的省份。除了降水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)大且集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)發(fa)(fa)達外,湖(hu)南洪(hong)澇(lao)災(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)頻(pin)繁原因還與地(di)形(xing)有關,湖(hu)南地(di)勢三面(mian)環山,西高東低,這種地(di)形(xing)導致雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)迅速匯集(ji)。再加上(shang)洞庭湖(hu)圍湖(hu)造田,生態環境(jing)破壞(huai)嚴(yan)重,湖(hu)南洪(hong)澇(lao)災(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)頻(pin)發(fa)(fa)。據中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)氣象(xiang)(xiang)局(ju)“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)天氣網(wang)”發(fa)(fa)布的自1961年(nian)以來全(quan)國(guo)洪(hong)澇(lao)災(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)氣象(xiang)(xiang)數據,湖(hu)南北部洪(hong)澇(lao)災(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)發(fa)(fa)生頻(pin)率在(zai)(zai)30%-50%,其余地(di)區洪(hong)澇(lao)災(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)發(fa)(fa)生頻(pin)率在(zai)(zai)10%-30%。
安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國洪(hong)(hong)(hong)澇災(zai)(zai)害(hai)最嚴重的(de)省份之一,尤(you)(you)其是(shi)(shi)歷史(shi)上黃(huang)河(he)奪(duo)淮(huai),造成(cheng)淮(huai)河(he)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)泥沙淤積(ji),河(he)床太高,淮(huai)河(he)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)澇災(zai)(zai)害(hai)頻(pin)發(fa)(fa)。安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)省地處長江流(liu)(liu)域(yu)和淮(huai)河(he)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)兩(liang)大水系,屬于(yu)溫帶與亞熱(re)帶的(de)過渡(du)地區(qu)(qu)(qu),夏天(tian)雨水集中(zhong),年降(jiang)雨700-1700毫(hao)米(mi)。安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)澇災(zai)(zai)害(hai)主要集中(zhong)在長江流(liu)(liu)域(yu)的(de)南部地區(qu)(qu)(qu),據中(zhong)國氣象(xiang)(xiang)局“中(zhong)國天(tian)氣網”發(fa)(fa)布的(de)自1961年以(yi)(yi)來全國洪(hong)(hong)(hong)澇災(zai)(zai)害(hai)氣象(xiang)(xiang)數據,安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)南部洪(hong)(hong)(hong)澇災(zai)(zai)害(hai)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)頻(pin)率在30%以(yi)(yi)上,尤(you)(you)其是(shi)(shi)浙贛(gan)皖交界地區(qu)(qu)(qu)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)澇災(zai)(zai)害(hai)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)頻(pin)率高達50%以(yi)(yi)上,安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)北部洪(hong)(hong)(hong)澇災(zai)(zai)害(hai)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)頻(pin)率在10%-30%。在全省來看(kan),安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)北部洪(hong)(hong)(hong)澇災(zai)(zai)害(hai)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)頻(pin)率低于(yu)其他地區(qu)(qu)(qu),但安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)北部由于(yu)歷史(shi)原因(yin),這里曾是(shi)(shi)黃(huang)泛區(qu)(qu)(qu),雖經新中(zhong)國治(zhi)理,這里仍(reng)保留了很多(duo)泄洪(hong)(hong)(hong)區(qu)(qu)(qu),也(ye)是(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)澇災(zai)(zai)害(hai)高發(fa)(fa)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)。
臺灣(wan)是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)最多的省(sheng)份之(zhi)一(yi),平均年降雨(yu)量(liang)超過2500毫米(mi),降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)分(fen)布(bu)自(zi)中(zhong)部(bu)山地(di)向兩(liang)邊遞減,東部(bu)大于西部(bu),而且多臺風暴雨(yu),降水(shui)(shui)集中(zhong)在5-10月,易(yi)發(fa)生滑坡、泥石流災害(hai),再加上海(hai)島地(di)形原因,山高(gao)坡陡,也是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)洪澇(lao)災害(hai)較嚴重的省(sheng)份之(zhi)一(yi)。據(ju)中(zhong)國(guo)氣(qi)象局(ju)“中(zhong)國(guo)天氣(qi)網”發(fa)布(bu)的自(zi)1961年以來全(quan)國(guo)洪澇(lao)災害(hai)氣(qi)象數據(ju),臺灣(wan)全(quan)島洪澇(lao)災害(hai)發(fa)生頻率在30%-50%。
四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)位于青藏高(gao)原和(he)華南地(di)(di)(di)區的(de)過(guo)渡(du)地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai),地(di)(di)(di)處(chu)地(di)(di)(di)震帶(dai)和(he)洪(hong)澇災(zai)害易(yi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)區,氣候屬于亞熱帶(dai)季(ji)(ji)風氣候,降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)大(da),四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)盆地(di)(di)(di)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)一般(ban)900-1200mm,川(chuan)(chuan)西南山地(di)(di)(di)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)800-1200mm,降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在夏季(ji)(ji)5月到9月,水(shui)(shui)資源豐富,境內(nei)共有(you)大(da)小河流近1400條。尤(you)其四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)盆地(di)(di)(di)地(di)(di)(di)勢低洼(wa),排水(shui)(shui)不暢(chang),易(yi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生洪(hong)澇。受復雜地(di)(di)(di)形、豐富水(shui)(shui)汽(qi)、多重系統等綜合影響,四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)盆地(di)(di)(di)汛(xun)期暴雨多發(fa)(fa)(fa)、頻發(fa)(fa)(fa),是四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)洪(hong)澇災(zai)害最(zui)嚴重的(de)地(di)(di)(di)區,四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)也成(cheng)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)洪(hong)澇災(zai)害較嚴重的(de)省(sheng)份。據(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)氣象局“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)天(tian)氣網”發(fa)(fa)(fa)布的(de)自1961年以(yi)來全國(guo)(guo)(guo)洪(hong)澇災(zai)害氣象數(shu)據(ju),四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)盆地(di)(di)(di)尤(you)其是成(cheng)都(dou)平原地(di)(di)(di)區洪(hong)澇災(zai)害發(fa)(fa)(fa)生頻率高(gao)達50%以(yi)上(shang);四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)東(dong)部地(di)(di)(di)區洪(hong)澇災(zai)害發(fa)(fa)(fa)生頻率達30%~50%,川(chuan)(chuan)西地(di)(di)(di)區洪(hong)澇發(fa)(fa)(fa)生頻率低于1%。
遼(liao)寧省(sheng)是我國洪(hong)(hong)澇(lao)災(zai)(zai)害(hai)(hai)頻發(fa)(fa)的省(sheng)份之一,據(ju)(ju)MAIGOO小編統計,遼(liao)寧省(sheng)自有連續資料記載以(yi)來的200多年,全省(sheng)共(gong)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)災(zai)(zai)害(hai)(hai)139次(ci),其(qi)中特大(da)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)災(zai)(zai)害(hai)(hai)19次(ci)。據(ju)(ju)中國氣象局(ju)“中國天氣網”發(fa)(fa)布的自1961年以(yi)來全國洪(hong)(hong)澇(lao)災(zai)(zai)害(hai)(hai)氣象數據(ju)(ju),遼(liao)寧東部(bu)地(di)區(qu)洪(hong)(hong)澇(lao)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)頻率(lv)(lv)達30%~50%,尤其(qi)是局(ju)部(bu)地(di)區(qu)洪(hong)(hong)澇(lao)災(zai)(zai)害(hai)(hai)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)頻率(lv)(lv)高達50%以(yi)上(shang);而遼(liao)寧省(sheng)其(qi)他地(di)區(qu)洪(hong)(hong)澇(lao)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)頻率(lv)(lv)在10%-30%。