簡介
1713年(nian)(清(qing)康(kang)熙(xi)五十二年(nian)),諸蒙古(gu)王公為慶賀康(kang)熙(xi)帝(di)60壽辰(chen),上(shang)書“奏請”在承德避(bi)暑山(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)外(wai),圍建一寺(si)院作慶壽盛會之所(suo)。康(kang)熙(xi)帝(di)欣(xin)然“恩(en)準”,遂(sui)建造了(le)溥(pu)(pu)仁(ren)、溥(pu)(pu)善二寺(si)。溥(pu)(pu)善寺(si)早已(yi)荒廢,溥(pu)(pu)仁(ren)寺(si)便成康(kang)熙(xi)年(nian)間僅存的(de)廟宇。溥(pu)(pu)通普(pu),普(pu)遍、廣大(da)意(yi),有皇(huang)帝(di)深仁(ren)厚愛普(pu)及天(tian)下之意(yi)。慈云普(pu)陰殿,單檐歇山(shan)(shan)頂,描金(jin)彩繪,雕(diao)梁畫棟,光彩奪目。殿內供過去佛(fo)(fo)迦(jia)葉(xie)佛(fo)(fo)、如今佛(fo)(fo)釋迦(jia)牟尼佛(fo)(fo)、未來佛(fo)(fo)彌勒佛(fo)(fo)。釋迦(jia)佛(fo)(fo)兩側為其兩大(da)弟子迦(jia)葉(xie)和阿難。東西壇上(shang)供姿態各異的(de)十八羅(luo)漢。天(tian)花板(ban)上(shang)有密宗六字真言。寶相長新殿,單檐硬山(shan)(shan)布(bu)瓦頂,檐柱描金(jin)彩繪。內供9尊(zun)無量壽佛(fo)(fo)。
溥仁寺
歷史背景
溥(pu)仁寺(si)(si)(si)(si)、溥(pu)善(shan)(shan)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)位避暑山莊(zhuang)東,武烈河東岸。溥(pu)仁寺(si)(si)(si)(si)在前,占(zhan)(zhan)地(di)3.4公(gong)頃,俗稱前寺(si)(si)(si)(si);溥(pu)善(shan)(shan)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)在后,占(zhan)(zhan)地(di)1.1公(gong)頃,俗稱后寺(si)(si)(si)(si)。溥(pu)仁、溥(pu)善(shan)(shan)是外(wai)八廟(miao)中康(kang)熙年(nian)(nian)間建造的兩座寺(si)(si)(si)(si)廟(miao)。1690年(nian)(nian)(康(kang)熙二十九年(nian)(nian))取得(de)了(le)(le)平(ping)息厄(e)魯特蒙古準葛爾(er)部民族分(fen)裂(lie)分(fen)子噶爾(er)丹(dan)的判亂(luan)勝利(li)。到1713年(nian)(nian)(康(kang)熙五十二年(nian)(nian)),漠(mo)北、漠(mo)南、喀爾(er)喀等蒙古地(di)區(qu)出現了(le)(le)20余年(nian)(nian)的安定局(ju)面(mian),發展(zhan)了(le)(le)這些地(di)區(qu)的牧業生產,密(mi)切了(le)(le)蒙古各部與清中央政(zheng)府的關系(xi)。這一年(nian)(nian)是康(kang)熙的60壽辰,“眾蒙古部落,咸至闕廷,奉行朝賀,不謀同辭,具疏陳墾,愿建剎宇,為聯祝厘”,康(kang)熙允其(qi)所請,于是年(nian)(nian)在熱河建造了(le)(le)這兩座寺(si)(si)(si)(si)廟(miao),供蒙古諸部大聚會(hui)使用,取“寓(yu)施仁政(zheng)于遠荒(huang)”之意分(fen)別題名“溥(pu)仁寺(si)(si)(si)(si)”、“溥(pu)善(shan)(shan)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)”。
建筑特色
溥仁寺
溥(pu)仁寺按標準(zhun)的漢式迦(jia)藍七堂(tang)規(gui)制(zhi)建造,山(shan)門(men)(men)面(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)(kuo)三(san)楹(ying)(ying),進(jin)深(shen)(shen)(shen)兩(liang)間(jian)(jian)(jian),兩(liang)側設(she)(she)腰(yao)門(men)(men)。進(jin)山(shan)門(men)(men)東西兩(liang)側立幢(chuang)桿各一(yi),幢(chuang)桿北(bei)擺鐘、鼓樓。山(shan)門(men)(men)正北(bei)為天王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),面(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)(kuo)三(san)楹(ying)(ying),進(jin)深(shen)(shen)(shen)兩(liang)間(jian)(jian)(jian),兩(liang)側設(she)(she)腰(yao)墻(qiang)。腰(yao)門(men)(men)與后(hou)部(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)隔,形成(cheng)一(yi)進(jin)院(yuan)落。二(er)進(jin)院(yuan)落正北(bei)為正殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)名(ming)大雄(xiong)寶殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),門(men)(men)額“慈(ci)云(yun)普蔭(yin)”,面(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)(kuo)七楹(ying)(ying),進(jin)深(shen)(shen)(shen)五(wu)間(jian)(jian)(jian),周(zhou)圍廊,前(qian)后(hou)檐明次間(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)隔扇(shan)門(men)(men),前(qian)據稍間(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)檻窗(chuang),后(hou)檐稍間(jian)(jian)(jian)封實墻(qiang)。檐下用重(zhong)昂五(wu)踩(cai)(cai)斗拱,單檐歇山(shan),黃(huang)琉璃瓦頂。中三(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)后(hou)老檐前(qian)增設(she)(she)金(jin)柱四根,柱之間(jian)(jian)(jian)封屏(ping)壁,形成(cheng)夾(jia)道通后(hou)院(yuan)。屏(ping)壁前(qian)供主(zhu)尊三(san)世佛(fo),左(zuo)右(you)山(shan)墻(qiang)置壇,供十八羅漢,這些佛(fo)像(xiang)均(jun)(jun)用昂貴的髹漆(qi)夾(jia)擰塑造。墻(qiang)壁不施彩繪,頂棚(peng)設(she)(she)“六(liu)字(zi)真(zhen)(zhen)言(yan)”井口天花(hua)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內橫額“具大自在(zai)”,條幅“以清凈(jing)果證因護持斯萬,現廣(guang)長舌說法聲震大千”。慈(ci)云(yun)普蔭(yin)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之前(qian)東西各立御制(zhi)石碑一(yi)通,記述建廟背景(jing),左(zuo)右(you)有配(pei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),面(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)(kuo)各五(wu)楹(ying)(ying),進(jin)深(shen)(shen)(shen)三(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)。過慈(ci)云(yun)普蔭(yin)為三(san)進(jin)院(yuan)落,主(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)名(ming)寶相(xiang)(xiang)長新(xin),面(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)(kuo)九楹(ying)(ying),進(jin)深(shen)(shen)(shen)三(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)。中三(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)廊,每(mei)間(jian)(jian)(jian)裝隔扇(shan),其余設(she)(she)檻窗(chuang),檐下施三(san)踩(cai)(cai)單昂斗拱,布瓦硬山(shan)屋頂。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內供9尊無量壽佛(fo),表(biao)九九萬壽。井口天花(hua)為六(liu)字(zi)真(zhen)(zhen)言(yan)圖案(an)。主(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)有東西配(pei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)各五(wu)間(jian)(jian)(jian),均(jun)(jun)由廊廡與后(hou)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)相(xiang)(xiang)連(lian),形成(cheng)三(san)面(mian)(mian)封閉的院(yuan)落。三(san)進(jin)院(yuan)落之后(hou)有大塊平地,廣(guang)植松、榆,今無存。
其他相關·溥善寺(si)(si)形制(zhi)大(da)體與溥仁寺(si)(si)相同(tong)(tong),不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)是正(zheng)殿北面(mian),依山勢造(zao)佛(fo)樓七(qi)楹,同(tong)(tong)時在每進建(jian)筑(zhu)之間都用腰墻加以(yi)隔(ge)斷(duan),形成(cheng)從山門以(yi)后是四進三合院的(de)形式。今(jin)該廟已無存。
·2001年(nian)06月(yue)25日(ri),溥(pu)仁寺(si)作(zuo)為清代(dai)古建(jian)筑,已被(bei)國(guo)務院(yuan)批準(zhun)列入第五批全國(guo)重點文物保護單位(wei)名單。