建造歷史
唐(tang)陀羅(luo)尼(ni)經幢(chuang),建(jian)于(yu)唐(tang)乾符(fu)三(san)年(nian)(876)。高6.26米, 底(di)(di)部(bu)(bu)直徑1.48米。由幢(chuang)基、幢(chuang)身(shen)、幢(chuang)頂三(san)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)組(zu)成。幢(chuang)基為(wei)(wei)三(san)組(zu)八(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)束腰(yao)式(shi)基座,底(di)(di)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)束腰(yao)形(xing)須彌山;中間一組(zu)底(di)(di)座上(shang)滿刻(ke)海(hai)水紋,八(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)束腰(yao)上(shang)浮雕(diao)(diao)獅子四個,姿態各異,上(shang)乘覆蓮瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)托(tuo)座;上(shang)面(mian)(mian)一組(zu)八(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)束腰(yao)上(shang)面(mian)(mian)刻(ke)壺門式(shi)龕(kan)八(ba)個,內(nei)雕(diao)(diao)佛(fo)像(xiang),結(jie)跏(jia)趺(fu)坐,其(qi)上(shang)為(wei)(wei)仰(yang)(yang)蓮瓣(ban)(ban)(ban),仰(yang)(yang)蓮之(zhi)上(shang)為(wei)(wei)八(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)座,每面(mian)(mian)刻(ke)欄桿,轉角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)處為(wei)(wei)蓮瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)首望(wang)柱(zhu)。幢(chuang)身(shen)立于(yu)欄桿石(shi)座之(zhi)上(shang),作八(ba)棱(leng)形(xing)石(shi)柱(zhu),遍(bian)刻(ke)佛(fo)頂尊勝陀羅(luo)尼(ni)經,系白鹿山人李端符(fu)書。幢(chuang)身(shen)上(shang)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)八(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)寶(bao)蓋裝飾(shi),角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)隅處均飾(shi)獅首,口銜連珠狀(zhuang)(zhuang)瓔(ying)絡帶。寶(bao)蓋上(shang)置扁圓狀(zhuang)(zhuang)石(shi),四面(mian)(mian)刻(ke)寶(bao)相花(hua)圖案。其(qi)上(shang)承(cheng)托(tuo)仰(yang)(yang)蓮瓣(ban)(ban)(ban),蓮瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)上(shang)發現有(you)八(ba)個方形(xing)柱(zhu)洞,估計原(yuan)有(you)石(shi)雕(diao)(diao)勾欄,現已全部(bu)(bu)散失(shi)。仰(yang)(yang)蓮上(shang)為(wei)(wei)束腰(yao)柱(zhu)形(xing),上(shang)刻(ke)壺門式(shi)龕(kan)八(ba)個,內(nei)雕(diao)(diao)佛(fo)像(xiang),結(jie)跏(jia)趺(fu)坐,其(qi)上(shang)為(wei)(wei)八(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)寶(bao)蓋,角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)隅處雕(diao)(diao)有(you)力士頭像(xiang),分(fen)(fen)別(bie)淺雕(diao)(diao)有(you)牛、羊、鹿角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)和(he)獠牙。寶(bao)蓋上(shang)置扁圓形(xing)石(shi),上(shang)刻(ke)瑞花(hua)圖案。幢(chuang)頂為(wei)(wei)八(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)攢尖頂,檐(yan)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)翹,上(shang)置扁圓形(xing)石(shi),未見(jian)紋飾(shi),最上(shang)為(wei)(wei)寶(bao)珠。
宋大白傘蓋神(shen)咒幢,建于北宋熙(xi)寧三年(1070),由無錫縣萬(wan)壽鄉靜(jing)安里劉元規(gui)等建。高(gao)6.22米,底座直徑1.40米。其形(xing)制(zhi)和(he)大小與(yu)唐陀(tuo)羅尼(ni)經(jing)幢基本相同,幢身(shen)刻(ke)咒而不刻(ke)經(jing),文字上下兩端刻(ke)三角形(xing)和(he)折線(xian)紋組成的邊飾。
唐宋石經幢(chuang)歷經千年(nian)變遷,幢(chuang)基最下部三(san)層已湮埋于(yu)今地(di)表下,地(di)面部分(fen)也已殘蝕傾斜。1998年(nian)11月,由南京博物(wu)(wu)院文(wen)物(wu)(wu)保護技術研究所(suo)負(fu)責全面修(xiu)復,將兩(liang)幢(chuang)埋于(yu)地(di)下的三(san)層升高至今地(di) 面上,并采(cai)取扶正、補缺及防風化(hua)措施(shi),重新恢(hui)復惠(hui)山寺經幢(chuang)原貌。
形態特征
惠山(shan)寺經(jing)幢是江南地(di)區現存(cun)較為完整的佛教石刻藝術遺(yi)物(wu)(wu)。幢身高大,形體(ti)華麗,雕刻精美,顯示出晚唐時代的雕刻藝術風(feng)格。為研究我(wo)國古(gu)代佛教藝術和(he)無錫地(di)方歷史,提(ti)供了珍貴的實物(wu)(wu)資料。