建造歷史
唐陀羅尼經幢(chuang)(chuang)(chuang),建于(yu)唐乾符三(san)年(876)。高6.26米(mi), 底部(bu)(bu)直(zhi)徑1.48米(mi)。由(you)幢(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)基(ji)、幢(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)身、幢(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)三(san)部(bu)(bu)分組成。幢(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)基(ji)為(wei)三(san)組八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)束腰(yao)(yao)式基(ji)座,底部(bu)(bu)為(wei)束腰(yao)(yao)形(xing)須彌山;中間一(yi)組底座上(shang)滿刻(ke)海(hai)水紋,八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)束腰(yao)(yao)上(shang)浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao)獅(shi)子四(si)個(ge),姿態各異(yi),上(shang)乘覆蓮(lian)(lian)瓣(ban)托座;上(shang)面一(yi)組八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)束腰(yao)(yao)上(shang)面刻(ke)壺門式龕八(ba)(ba)(ba)個(ge),內(nei)雕(diao)(diao)佛像,結跏趺坐,其上(shang)為(wei)仰(yang)蓮(lian)(lian)瓣(ban),仰(yang)蓮(lian)(lian)之上(shang)為(wei)八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)座,每面刻(ke)欄桿,轉角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)處為(wei)蓮(lian)(lian)瓣(ban)首望柱。幢(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)身立于(yu)欄桿石(shi)座之上(shang),作八(ba)(ba)(ba)棱(leng)形(xing)石(shi)柱,遍刻(ke)佛頂(ding)(ding)(ding)尊勝陀羅尼經,系(xi)白鹿山人(ren)李端符書。幢(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)身上(shang)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)寶(bao)蓋(gai)裝飾,角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)隅(yu)處均飾獅(shi)首,口(kou)銜連珠狀瓔絡帶。寶(bao)蓋(gai)上(shang)置扁(bian)圓(yuan)(yuan)狀石(shi),四(si)面刻(ke)寶(bao)相花(hua)(hua)圖案。其上(shang)承托仰(yang)蓮(lian)(lian)瓣(ban),蓮(lian)(lian)瓣(ban)上(shang)發現(xian)(xian)有(you)八(ba)(ba)(ba)個(ge)方形(xing)柱洞,估計原(yuan)有(you)石(shi)雕(diao)(diao)勾欄,現(xian)(xian)已全部(bu)(bu)散(san)失(shi)。仰(yang)蓮(lian)(lian)上(shang)為(wei)束腰(yao)(yao)柱形(xing),上(shang)刻(ke)壺門式龕八(ba)(ba)(ba)個(ge),內(nei)雕(diao)(diao)佛像,結跏趺坐,其上(shang)為(wei)八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)寶(bao)蓋(gai),角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)隅(yu)處雕(diao)(diao)有(you)力士(shi)頭像,分別淺(qian)雕(diao)(diao)有(you)牛、羊、鹿角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)和獠牙(ya)。寶(bao)蓋(gai)上(shang)置扁(bian)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)石(shi),上(shang)刻(ke)瑞花(hua)(hua)圖案。幢(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)為(wei)八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)攢尖頂(ding)(ding)(ding),檐角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)翹,上(shang)置扁(bian)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)石(shi),未(wei)見紋飾,最上(shang)為(wei)寶(bao)珠。
宋大白傘蓋(gai)神咒(zhou)幢(chuang),建于北宋熙寧(ning)三年(1070),由無(wu)錫縣萬(wan)壽鄉靜安里劉(liu)元規(gui)等建。高(gao)6.22米,底座直徑1.40米。其形制和大小與唐陀羅尼經(jing)幢(chuang)基本相同,幢(chuang)身(shen)刻咒(zhou)而不刻經(jing),文字上下兩端刻三角(jiao)形和折線紋組成的邊飾。
唐宋石經幢(chuang)(chuang)歷經千年變遷,幢(chuang)(chuang)基最(zui)下部(bu)三層已湮埋于今地(di)表下,地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)部(bu)分也已殘蝕傾(qing)斜。1998年11月,由南京博物院文物保(bao)護技術(shu)研究所(suo)負責全面(mian)(mian)(mian)修復(fu),將兩幢(chuang)(chuang)埋于地(di)下的三層升高至今地(di) 面(mian)(mian)(mian)上,并(bing)采取扶正、補缺(que)及防(fang)風化措施,重新恢復(fu)惠山寺經幢(chuang)(chuang)原貌。
形態特征
惠(hui)山寺經幢(chuang)是江南地區現存較(jiao)為(wei)完整的佛教石刻藝術遺物。幢(chuang)身高大,形(xing)體華麗,雕刻精美,顯(xian)示出晚唐(tang)時(shi)代的雕刻藝術風(feng)格。為(wei)研究我(wo)國古代佛教藝術和無錫地方歷史,提供了珍貴的實物資料。